理工英语（计算机与电子信息）& 英语四级

对标主流教材单元结构：硬件 → 软件编程 → 网络安全 → 电子前沿 → 四级核心（上/下）→ 四级扩展（上/下）+ 备考锦囊

11学习阶段
4020核心词汇
152高频短语
306课后训练题
30翻译热词
40真题演练题
64听力强化题

📊 我的学习进度 本地自动保存 · 数据不出浏览器

加载中…
计算机基础与硬件0%
软件、编程与开发0%
网络、通信与安全0%
电子电路与前沿技术0%
四级核心词汇（上）0%
四级核心词汇（下）0%
四级扩展词汇（上）0%
四级扩展词汇（下）0%
备考锦囊0%
四级真题演练0%
听力专题强化训练0%
💡 用法：点击词条（单词行 / 短语卡的空白处）可标记"已学"；各小模块标题旁的「✓ 标记已学」可按模块标记；卡片标题右侧的「✓ 标记本卡已学」可整卡标记。再次打开本页面时会自动回到上次学习的位置。

阶段一：计算机基础与硬件 500 词 · 18 短语 · 40 题

🎯 学习目标：掌握计算机硬件与常用设备的基础英文术语，能读懂英文产品参数表、设备说明书和装机指南（对应市面教材 Unit 1 Computer Hardware）。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1hardware
/ˈhɑːdweə(r)/		n.硬件Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer.硬件指的是计算机的物理部件。
2software
/ˈsɒftweə(r)/		n.软件This software helps engineers design bridges.这个软件帮助工程师设计桥梁。
3processor
/ˈprəʊsesə(r)/		n.处理器A faster processor improves the computer's performance.更快的处理器能提升电脑的性能。
4memory
/ˈmeməri/		n.内存；存储器；记忆This laptop has 16 gigabytes of memory.这台笔记本电脑有16GB内存。
5storage
/ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/		n.存储；存储空间Cloud storage allows us to save files online.云存储让我们能把文件保存在网上。
6keyboard
/ˈkiːbɔːd/		n.键盘The keyboard is an important input device.键盘是一种重要的输入设备。
7monitor
/ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/		n.显示器 v.监控The monitor displays images and text.显示器显示图像和文字。
8motherboard
/ˈmʌðəbɔːd/		n.主板The motherboard connects all the components.主板连接所有的组件。
9chip
/tʃɪp/		n.芯片This chip contains billions of transistors.这块芯片包含数十亿个晶体管。
10microprocessor
/ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsesə(r)/		n.微处理器The microprocessor is the "brain" of the computer.微处理器是计算机的"大脑"。
11hard disk
/hɑːd dɪsk/		n.硬盘The hard disk stores all the files.硬盘存储所有的文件。
12solid-state drive
(SSD)		n.固态硬盘A solid-state drive works much faster than a hard disk.固态硬盘比机械硬盘快得多。
13peripheral
/pəˈrɪfərəl/		n.外部设备 adj.外围的A mouse is a common computer peripheral.鼠标是一种常见的计算机外设。
14input
/ˈɪnpʊt/		n./v.输入The keyboard is used for data input.键盘用于数据输入。
15output
/ˈaʊtpʊt/		n./v.输出The printer produces paper output.打印机输出纸质文件。
16device
/dɪˈvaɪs/		n.设备；器件A smartphone is a smart mobile device.智能手机是一种智能移动设备。
17laptop
/ˈlæptɒp/		n.笔记本电脑She carries her laptop to the library every day.她每天把笔记本电脑带到图书馆。
18desktop
/ˈdesktɒp/		n.台式机；桌面A desktop computer usually stays on the desk.台式电脑通常放在桌子上。
19portable
/ˈpɔːtəbl/		adj.便携的；手提的A tablet is a portable device.平板电脑是一种便携设备。
20component
/kəmˈpəʊnənt/		n.部件；组件；元件Each component of the computer has its function.计算机的每个组件都有其功能。
21terminal
/ˈtɜːmɪnl/		n.终端；终端机The terminal allows users to communicate with the mainframe.终端允许用户与大型主机通信。
22workstation
/ˈwɜːksteɪʃn/		n.工作站Engineers use powerful workstations for 3D design.工程师使用功能强大的工作站进行3D设计。
23mainframe
/ˈmeɪnfreɪm/		n.大型主机The bank uses a mainframe to process transactions.银行使用大型主机处理交易。
24battery
/ˈbætri/		n.电池The battery of this phone lasts two days.这部手机的电池能用两天。
25adapter
/əˈdæptə(r)/		n.适配器；转接头You need a power adapter to charge the laptop.你需要一个电源适配器来给笔记本充电。
26cable
/ˈkeɪbl/		n.电缆；线缆Connect the printer to the computer with a cable.用数据线把打印机连接到电脑。
27port
/pɔːt/		n.端口；接口；港口Plug the cable into the USB port.把数据线插入USB接口。
28slot
/slɒt/		n.插槽；狭缝Insert the memory card into the slot.把存储卡插入插槽。
29fan
/fæn/		n.风扇；爱好者The cooling fan keeps the processor from overheating.散热风扇防止处理器过热。
30power supply
/ˈpaʊə səˈplaɪ/		n.电源A stable power supply is important for the computer.稳定的电源对电脑很重要。
31scanner
/ˈskænə(r)/		n.扫描仪The scanner turns paper documents into digital files.扫描仪把纸质文件转换成数字文件。
32router
/ˈruːtə(r)/		n.路由器The router connects all the devices to the Internet.路由器把所有设备连接到互联网。
33modem
/ˈməʊdem/		n.调制解调器The modem connects the home network to the Internet.调制解调器把家庭网络连接到互联网。
34touchscreen
/ˈtʌtʃskriːn/		n.触摸屏The touchscreen responds quickly to your fingers.触摸屏对手指的反应很快。
35virtual reality
(VR)		n.虚拟现实Virtual reality creates an immersive digital world.虚拟现实创造一个沉浸式的数字世界。
36augmented reality
(AR)		n.增强现实Augmented reality adds digital information to the real world.增强现实给真实世界叠加数字信息。
37wearable
/ˈweərəbl/		adj.可穿戴的 n.可穿戴设备A smartwatch is a popular wearable device.智能手表是一种流行的可穿戴设备。
38drone
/drəʊn/		n.无人机The drone takes photos from the sky.无人机从空中拍照。
39robot
/ˈrəʊbɒt/		n.机器人The robot can assemble cars in the factory.机器人能在工厂里组装汽车。
40automation
/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/		n.自动化Automation reduces the need for manual labor.自动化减少了对人力的需求。
41mouse
/maʊs/		n.鼠标；老鼠The mouse controls the cursor on the screen.鼠标控制屏幕上的光标。
42printer
/ˈprɪntə(r)/		n.打印机The printer is out of paper.打印机没纸了。
43speaker
/ˈspiːkə(r)/		n.扬声器；音箱；演讲者The speakers produce clear sound.扬声器发出清晰的声音。
44microphone
/ˈmaɪkrəfəʊn/		n.麦克风；话筒Speak into the microphone, please.请对着麦克风说话。
45webcam
/ˈwebkæm/		n.网络摄像头The webcam is used for video meetings.摄像头用于视频会议。
46register
/ˈredʒɪstə(r)/		n.寄存器 v.注册The CPU stores data in registers.CPU把数据存储在寄存器中。
47cache
/kæʃ/		n.高速缓存The cache speeds up data access.缓存加快数据访问速度。
48bus
/bʌs/		n.总线；公共汽车The data bus carries information between components.数据总线在组件之间传输信息。
49projector
/prəˈdʒektə(r)/		n.投影仪The projector shows the slides on the wall.投影仪把幻灯片投射到墙上。
50USB flash drive
/ˌjuː es ˈbiː flæʃ draɪv/		n.U盘；闪存盘Save the file to your USB flash drive.把文件保存到你的U盘。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（450 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 计算机类型与整机（45）

mainframen.大型主机
Mainframes still process millions of bank transactions every day.大型主机如今每天仍在处理数百万笔银行业务。
supercomputern.超级计算机
Supercomputers are widely used to simulate climate models.超级计算机被广泛用于模拟气候模型。
workstationn.工作站
Engineers use a workstation to render complex 3D scenes.工程师用工作站来渲染复杂的三维场景。
desktopn.台式机
The desktop displays icons for applications.桌面显示应用程序的图标。
laptopn.笔记本电脑
I carry my laptop to class every morning.我每天早上都把笔记本电脑带到课堂。
notebookn.笔记本电脑
A notebook is light enough for daily commuting.笔记本电脑足够轻便，适合日常通勤携带。
netbookn.上网本
Netbooks were popular for basic web browsing a decade ago.十年前，上网本因满足基本网页浏览而流行一时。
tabletn.平板电脑
She reads e-books and watches videos on her tablet.她在平板电脑上读电子书、看视频。
all-in-onen.一体机
The all-in-one saves desk space by combining the monitor and CPU.一体机把显示器和主机合二为一，节省了桌面空间。
blade servern.刀片服务器
A blade server packs multiple thin modules into one chassis.刀片服务器把多块薄型模块整合在同一个机箱中。
rackn.机架
Servers are mounted vertically in a standard 19-inch rack.服务器被竖直安装在标准的 19 英寸机架上。
towern.塔式机箱
A tower case provides plenty of room for future upgrades.塔式机箱内部空间充裕，方便日后升级。
minicomputern.小型机
A minicomputer once served as the backbone of mid-size businesses.小型机曾是中型企业核心业务的主要支撑。
embedded systemn.嵌入式系统
Embedded systems run the chips inside cars and washing machines.嵌入式系统控制着汽车与洗衣机内部的芯片。
thin clientn.瘦客户机
A thin client mainly sends keyboard input to a central server.瘦客户机主要把键盘输入发送到中央服务器。
terminaln.终端
Please arrive at the terminal an hour early.请提前一小时到达航站楼。
kioskn.自助终端
Self-service kiosks speed up ordering at fast-food restaurants.自助终端加快了快餐店的点餐速度。
smartwatchn.智能手表
My smartwatch tracks my heart rate during exercise.我的智能手表会在运动时监测心率。
game consolen.游戏机
Modern game consoles support 4K HDR gaming.新一代游戏机支持 4K HDR 游戏画面。
handheldn.掌上设备
A handheld is convenient for reading on the subway.掌上设备方便人们在地铁上阅读。
phabletn.平板手机
A phablet bridges the gap between a phone and a tablet.平板手机弥补了手机和平板之间的尺寸差距。
convertiblen.变形本
A convertible can fold its screen back to work like a tablet.变形本可以将屏幕翻折，像平板一样使用。
barebonen.准系统
A barebone kit ships with only a case, power supply and motherboard.准系统出厂时只提供机箱、电源和主板。
mini PCn.迷你主机
A mini PC can sit behind a monitor and save space.迷你主机可以放在显示器背后，节省桌面空间。
quantum computern.量子计算机
A quantum computer can solve certain problems far faster than classical machines.量子计算机在某些特定问题上比传统机器快得多。
personal computern.个人计算机
The personal computer revolutionized home computing in the 1980s.个人计算机在 20 世纪 80 年代彻底改变了家庭计算。
clonen.兼容机
Early PC clones were IBM-compatible machines built by third parties.早期的兼容机是由第三方厂商组装的 IBM 兼容电脑。
rign.（装机）主机
He built a gaming rig with the latest RTX graphics card.他用最新的 RTX 显卡组装了一台游戏主机。
case / chassisn.机箱
A good case keeps the components cool and dust-free.好的机箱能让内部元件保持凉爽、不易进灰。
paneln.面板
Tap the side panel to wake up the display.轻触侧面板即可唤醒显示屏。
bezeln.边框
Modern phones feature an almost invisible bezel around the screen.如今的手机屏幕边框几乎看不见。
standn.支架
Adjust the laptop stand so the screen is at eye level.调整笔记本支架，使屏幕与眼睛齐平。
docking stationn.扩展坞
Plug the laptop into the docking station to connect all peripherals.把笔记本接入扩展坞，即可连接所有外设。
hubn.集线器
A USB hub turns one port into four or more.一个 USB 集线器可以把一个接口扩展为四个或更多。
kickstandn.支撑架
The kickstand on the tablet folds out for hands-free viewing.平板电脑背面的支撑架可以翻开，便于免提观看。
housingn.外壳
A rugged housing protects the hard drive from drops.坚固的外壳可以保护硬盘免受跌落损伤。
covern.盖板
Close the cover when the drive is not in use.驱动器不用时，请合上盖板。
screwn.螺丝
Tighten each screw evenly so the case does not warp.把每颗螺丝均匀拧紧，避免机箱变形。
slot covern.挡板
Keep unused slot covers in place to block dust.空闲插槽要装回挡板，以防灰尘进入。
mounting bracketn.安装支架
Use the mounting bracket to fix the speaker to the wall.用安装支架把音箱固定到墙上。
power buttonn.电源键
Hold the power button for five seconds to force a shutdown.长按电源键五秒，可强制关机。
indicator lightn.指示灯
A blinking red indicator light means the battery is low.红色指示灯闪烁表示电量不足。
foot padn.脚垫
Rubber foot pads keep the laptop from sliding on a smooth desk.橡胶脚垫能防止笔记本在光滑桌面上滑动。
ventn.散热孔
Keep the vents clear so hot air can escape.保持散热孔畅通，热空气才能顺利排出。
drive bayn.驱动器仓
Slide the new SSD into the empty drive bay and screw it in.把新 SSD 滑入空闲的驱动器仓，再拧紧螺丝。

2️⃣ 主板与芯片（45）

mainboardn.主板
The mainboard connects the CPU, memory and storage together.主板把 CPU、内存和存储设备连接在一起。
system boardn.系统板
A custom system board was designed for this industrial robot.这台工业机器人采用了定制的系统板。
chipsetn.芯片组
The chipset decides which CPU and memory are supported.芯片组决定主板支持哪款 CPU 和内存。
northbridgen.北桥
Older systems used a northbridge to link the CPU and RAM.老式系统用北桥连接 CPU 和内存。
southbridgen.南桥
The southbridge handled slower peripherals like USB and audio.南桥负责管理 USB、音频等较慢的外设。
BIOSn.基本输入输出系统
Press F2 during boot to enter the BIOS setup screen.开机时按 F2 进入 BIOS 设置界面。
UEFIn.统一可扩展固件接口
UEFI has replaced the old BIOS on most modern PCs.UEFI 已取代旧 BIOS，成为新的固件标准。
firmwaren.固件
Update the router firmware to fix the security bug.升级路由器固件以修复安全漏洞。
CMOSn.互补金属氧化物半导体
CMOS technology is used to build low-power processors.CMOS 工艺被用来制造低功耗处理器。
slotn.插槽
Insert the memory module firmly into the RAM slot.把内存条稳稳地插进内存插槽。
socketn.插座；插槽；💻 网络编程：套接字
expansion slotn.扩展槽
A graphics card plugs into the PCIe expansion slot on the mainboard.显卡插在主板的 PCIe 扩展槽上。
PCIn.外设组件互连
PCI slots were common on PCs in the late 1990s.PCI 插槽在 1990 年代后期的电脑上很常见。
PCIen.高速串行扩展总线
PCIe offers much higher bandwidth than the old PCI bus.PCIe 的速率比老式 PCI 总线要快得多。
AGPn.图形加速端口
AGP was once the standard slot for graphics cards.AGP 曾是显卡的标准插槽。
DIMMn.内存插槽
Each DIMM holds several memory chips on a small circuit board.每条 DIMM 在一块小电路板上集成了多颗内存芯片。
jumpern.跳线
A jumper on the drive selects between master and slave mode.硬盘上的跳线用来设置主盘或从盘模式。
capacitorn.电容器
A capacitor stores electrical energy and smooths out voltage spikes.电容器可储存电能，并吸收电压尖峰。
resistorn.电阻器
A resistor limits the current flowing through an LED.电阻器用来限制流过 LED 的电流。
transistorn.晶体管
A transistor acts as a tiny electronic switch or amplifier.晶体管相当于一个微型电子开关或放大器。
dioden.二极管
A diode allows current to flow in only one direction.二极管只允许电流沿一个方向流动。
integrated circuitn.集成电路
An integrated circuit can contain billions of transistors.一枚集成电路可以容纳数十亿个晶体管。
chipn.芯片
A single chip now holds an entire computer system.一枚芯片如今就能集成整个计算机系统。
microchipn.微芯片
A microchip inside the credit card stores your account data.信用卡里的微芯片存储着账户信息。
siliconn.硅
Silicon is the base material for almost all modern chips.硅是几乎所有现代芯片的基础材料。
wafern.晶圆
Hundreds of chips are carved from a single silicon wafer.一片硅晶圆可以被切割成数百枚芯片。
dien.晶粒
Each die is tested before being packaged into a chip.每颗晶粒在封装前都要经过测试。
packagen.封装
A package groups related classes together.包将相关的类组织在一起。
pinn.引脚
Each pin on the chip carries one bit of address or data.芯片的每个引脚各传输一位地址或数据。
busn.总线
A faster bus moves data more quickly between components.总线越快，部件之间的数据传输就越迅速。
data busn.数据总线
The data bus carries the actual values being read or written.数据总线负责传送读写时的具体数值。
address busn.地址总线
The address bus tells memory which location to access.地址总线用来告诉内存访问哪一个位置。
control busn.控制总线
The control bus carries signals such as read and write.控制总线传送读、写等控制信号。
interfacen.接口
An interface defines methods a class must implement.接口定义了类必须实现的方法。
portn.端口
Plug the Ethernet cable into the LAN port on the back.把网线插入背面的 LAN 端口。
connectorn.连接器
A loose connector can cause the screen to flicker.连接器松动会导致屏幕闪烁。
headern.接针
The header contains routing information.头部包含路由信息。
backplanen.背板
The backplane provides shared power and data lines for plug-in cards.背板为插卡提供共享的电源和数据线路。
ribbon cablen.排线
Use the ribbon cable to connect the old hard drive to the IDE port.用排线把老式硬盘接到 IDE 接口上。
form factorn.板型规格
ATX is the most common motherboard form factor for desktops.ATX 是台式机最常见的主板板型规格。
ATXn.ATX 主板架构
Most PC cases support the ATX standard out of the box.绝大多数 PC 机箱原生支持 ATX 标准。
tracen.（电路）走线
Trace the route of a packet.跟踪数据包的路由。
padn.焊盘
Solder the component lead onto the matching pad on the PCB.把元件引脚焊到 PCB 上对应的焊盘。
golden fingern.金手指
Clean the golden finger gently with eraser if the RAM is not detected.如果内存未被识别，可用橡皮轻轻擦拭金手指。
voltage regulatorn.电压调节器
A voltage regulator keeps the CPU supply steady under load.电压调节器在负载变化时仍能为 CPU 提供稳定的电压。

3️⃣ 处理器与性能（45）

processorn.处理器
A faster processor cuts video rendering time in half.更快的处理器能将视频渲染时间缩短一半。
microprocessorn.微处理器
A microprocessor executes billions of instructions each second.微处理器每秒可执行数十亿条指令。
coren.核心
Each core on a CPU can run its own tasks at the same time.CPU 的每个核心可同时执行不同的任务。
multi-coreadj.多核的
Modern phones use multi-core CPUs to balance power and efficiency.现代手机采用多核 CPU，兼顾性能与能效。
dual-coreadj.双核的
A dual-core chip is enough for everyday office work.双核芯片足以应对日常办公。
quad-coreadj.四核的
A quad-core processor handles video editing smoothly.四核处理器可以流畅处理视频剪辑。
threadn.线程
Follow the thread to see all replies.关注帖子以查看所有回复。
hyper-threadingn.超线程
Hyper-threading lets one physical core act like two logical cores.超线程让一个物理核心模拟出两个逻辑核心。
clock speedn.时钟频率
A higher clock speed generally means faster single-thread performance.更高的时钟频率通常意味着更快的单线程性能。
frequencyn.频率
The CPU frequency is measured in gigahertz.CPU 频率以吉赫兹为单位计量。
gigahertzn.吉赫兹
Wi-Fi operates in the gigahertz range.Wi-Fi 在千兆赫兹频段工作。
megahertzn.兆赫兹
FM radio uses frequencies around 100 megahertz.FM 广播使用约 100 兆赫兹的频率。
overclockingn.超频
Overclocking pushes the CPU beyond its rated speed for extra performance.超频让 CPU 突破额定频率以获得更高性能。
pipelinen.流水线
A deep pipeline lets the CPU finish one instruction per cycle.更深的流水线让 CPU 每周期可完成一条指令。
instruction setn.指令集
Each instruction set defines the basic operations a CPU can perform.每种指令集定义了 CPU 可执行的基本操作。
architecturen.架构
A new architecture can double performance without raising the clock speed.新架构能在不提高主频的情况下让性能翻倍。
x86n.x86 架构
The x86 architecture dominates desktop and laptop CPUs.x86 架构在台式机和笔记本 CPU 中占据主导地位。
ARMn.ARM 架构
ARM chips are popular in smartphones because they use very little power.ARM 芯片因功耗极低而广泛应用于智能手机。
RISCn.精简指令集
RISC designs use simple instructions that run in one clock cycle.RISC 设计采用单周期可完成的简单指令。
CISCn.复杂指令集
CISC processors can execute complex instructions directly in hardware.CISC 处理器能在硬件层面直接执行复杂指令。
registern.寄存器
You must register for the course before Friday.你必须在周五前完成选课注册。
ALUn.算术逻辑单元
The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations inside the CPU.算术逻辑单元（ALU）在 CPU 内部执行算术与逻辑运算。
control unitn.控制器
The control unit directs every other part of the CPU.控制器负责指挥 CPU 内部各部件协同工作。
FPUn.浮点运算单元
The FPU handles decimal numbers quickly for graphics and science apps.FPU 能快速处理图形和科学计算中的小数。
coprocessorn.协处理器
A coprocessor offloads specialized work such as AI inference from the CPU.协处理器可分担 AI 推理等专业任务，减轻 CPU 的负担。
APUn.加速处理器
An APU combines the CPU and a basic GPU on a single chip.APU 把 CPU 和基础 GPU 集成在同一颗芯片上。
SoCn.片上系统
A phone SoC integrates CPU, GPU and modem on one die.手机片上系统在一块芯片上集成 CPU、GPU 和基带。
benchmarkn.基准测试
Run the benchmark before and after the upgrade to compare scores.升级前后各跑一遍基准测试，比较得分。
throughputn.吞吐量
Network throughput measures how much data is transferred per second.网络吞吐量衡量每秒可传输的数据量。
latencyn.延迟
High latency makes online games feel laggy.高延迟会让网络游戏感觉卡顿。
performancen.性能
Her performance received high praise.她的表演获得了高度赞扬。
TDPn.热设计功耗
A lower TDP means the CPU produces less heat and runs cooler.TDP 越低，CPU 发热越少，工作温度也越低。
nanometern.纳米
A smaller nanometer process lets more transistors fit on the same die.更小的纳米工艺能在同样大小的芯片上集成更多晶体管。
process noden.制程节点
Each new process node brings higher density and lower power use.每一代新制程都能带来更高的密度和更低的功耗。
lithographyn.光刻
Lithography uses extreme ultraviolet light to print tiny circuit patterns.光刻工艺用极紫外光在晶圆上刻画极精细的电路图案。
turbo boostn.睿频加速
Turbo Boost raises the clock speed when only a few cores are busy.当只有少数核心工作时，睿频会自动提升时钟频率。
multipliern.倍频
The final CPU speed equals the base clock times the multiplier.CPU 最终频率等于基础时钟乘以倍频系数。
front-side busn.前端总线
Older CPUs used a front-side bus to talk to the northbridge.老式 CPU 通过前端总线与北桥通信。
microcontrollern.微控制器
A microcontroller runs the washing machine on a fixed program.洗衣机由微控制器按照预设程序控制运转。
die sizen.芯片面积
A smaller die size lowers cost per chip and improves yield.更小的芯片面积既降低单颗成本，又提高良品率。
yieldn.良品率
The generator yields the next value on demand.生成器按需产出下一个值。
fabricationn.制造；加工
Chip fabrication takes place in clean rooms measured by particle count.芯片制造在按颗粒度严格分级的洁净室中进行。
single-threadn.单线程
Single-thread performance matters most for older desktop apps.对老式桌面应用而言，单线程性能最为关键。
clock cyclen.时钟周期
A clock cycle is the smallest unit of time the CPU understands.时钟周期是 CPU 识别的最小时间单位。
instructionn.指令
A single C instruction can compile into many machine instructions.一行 C 语言的语句可能编译成多条机器指令。

4️⃣ 存储设备（50）

memoryn.存储器
Add more memory if your computer slows down with many browser tabs open.浏览器开很多标签页变慢时，可以增加内存。
DRAMn.动态随机存储器
DRAM needs to be refreshed thousands of times per second.DRAM 每秒需要刷新数千次。
SRAMn.静态随机存储器
SRAM is faster than DRAM and is used for the CPU cache.SRAM 比 DRAM 速度更快，被用于 CPU 缓存。
SDRAMn.同步动态存储器
SDRAM synchronizes its operations with the system clock.SDRAM 与系统时钟同步工作。
DDRn.双倍数据率内存
DDR memory transfers data twice per clock cycle.DDR 内存每个时钟周期可传输两次数据。
memory modulen.内存条
Each memory module plugs into a DIMM slot on the motherboard.每条内存条插在主板的 DIMM 插槽上。
hard diskn.硬盘
A hard disk uses spinning platters to store large amounts of data.硬盘通过旋转的盘片来存储海量数据。
HDDn.机械硬盘
HDDs are cheaper than SSDs for storing the same amount of data.在同等容量下，HDD 的价格比 SSD 更低。
SSDn.固态硬盘
An SSD boots the operating system in just a few seconds.固态硬盘可在几秒内启动操作系统。
NVMen.高速存储协议
NVMe drives talk to the CPU over the fast PCIe bus.NVMe 固态硬盘通过高速的 PCIe 总线与 CPU 通信。
SATAn.串行硬盘接口
Most mechanical drives today still use the SATA interface.如今大多数机械硬盘仍然采用 SATA 接口。
M.2n.M.2 接口
An M.2 SSD plugs straight into the motherboard without any cables.M.2 固态硬盘直接插在主板上，无需额外线缆。
flash memoryn.闪存
Flash memory keeps your data safe even when the power is off.闪存即使在断电后也能保留数据。
memory cardn.存储卡
Insert a memory card into the camera before taking photos.拍照前先把存储卡插进相机。
SD cardn.SD 卡
An SD card is the most common storage medium for digital cameras.SD 卡是数码相机最常用的存储介质。
optical discn.光盘
An optical disc stores data as tiny pits read by a laser.光盘用激光读取表面的小凹坑来还原数据。
CD-ROMn.只读光盘
A CD-ROM can hold about 700 MB of read-only data.一张 CD-ROM 大约能容纳 700 MB 的只读数据。
DVDn.数字多功能光盘
A single-layer DVD stores up to 4.7 GB of video.单面 DVD 最多可存储 4.7 GB 的视频。
Blu-rayn.蓝光光盘
Blu-ray discs hold full HD movies on a single side.蓝光光盘单面即可容纳一整部高清电影。
optical driven.光驱
Modern laptops rarely include an optical drive.如今的笔记本电脑基本不再内置光驱。
magnetic tapen.磁带
Magnetic tape is still used for archive backups in many companies.磁带至今仍被许多企业用作备份归档介质。
floppy diskn.软盘
Floppy disks once stored only 1.44 MB of data.软盘当年的容量只有 1.44 MB。
sectorn.扇区
Each sector on a disk holds 512 or 4096 bytes.磁盘上的每个扇区容纳 512 或 4096 字节。
trackn.磁道
Track user activity for analytics.跟踪用户活动以进行分析。
cylindern.柱面
A cylinder is the set of tracks at the same radius on all platters.柱面是各盘片上同一半径处所有磁道的集合。
clustern.簇
A cluster provides high availability.集群提供高可用性。
partitionn.分区
Split the disk into two partitions to install Linux alongside Windows.把硬盘分成两个分区，就可以和 Windows 共存安装 Linux。
formatv./n.格式化
Format the new USB drive as NTFS before copying files.拷贝文件前先把新 U 盘格式化为 NTFS。
fragmentationn.碎片
Fragmentation splits large packets.分片将大包拆开。
defragmentv.碎片整理
Defragment the hard disk every few months to keep it responsive.每隔几个月整理一次硬盘碎片，可保持其响应速度。
virtual memoryn.虚拟内存
Virtual memory lets the system run more apps than physical RAM allows.虚拟内存让系统能运行的程序多于物理内存的容量。
swapn./v.交换（空间）
Linux creates a swap partition to handle memory overflow.Linux 会创建一个交换分区以应对内存溢出。
buffern.缓冲区
Buffer the video to prevent stuttering.缓冲视频以防止卡顿。
capacityn.容量
Check the capacity of the SSD before installing large games.安装大型游戏前，先查看固态硬盘的容量。
bitn.比特
A bit is the smallest unit of data, either 0 or 1.比特是数据的最小单位，取值为 0 或 1。
byten.字节
One byte consists of eight bits and represents a single character.一个字节由 8 个比特组成，可以表示一个字符。
kilobyten.千字节
A plain text file of a few pages takes only a few kilobytes.几页纯文本文件的大小只有几千字节。
megabyten.兆字节
A high-resolution photo can easily exceed ten megabytes.一张高分辨率照片常常超过 10 兆字节。
gigabyten.吉字节
A single HD movie file is usually several gigabytes.一部高清电影通常占用数个吉字节。
terabyten.太字节
Modern desktop hard drives offer several terabytes of space.现代台式机硬盘的容量已经达到数个太字节。
petabyten.拍字节
Large data centers store information measured in petabytes.大型数据中心的存储量以拍字节为单位计量。
RAIDn.磁盘阵列
RAID combines several disks to balance speed and safety.RAID 把多块硬盘组合起来，兼顾速度与安全。
NASn.网络附加存储
A NAS lets everyone at home share files over Wi-Fi.NAS 设备让家中每个人都能通过 Wi-Fi 共享文件。
SANn.存储区域网络
A SAN delivers block-level storage to many servers at once.存储区域网络可同时为多台服务器提供块级存储。
cloud storagen.云存储
Upload your photos to cloud storage so you can access them anywhere.把照片上传到云存储，就能在任何地方访问。
backupn./v.备份
Make a weekly backup of important files to an external drive.每周把重要文件备份到外置硬盘一次。
archiven./v.归档
Archive completed projects to free up space on the main drive.把完成的项目归档，腾出主硬盘的空间。
read speedn.读取速度
A higher read speed means the game loads textures more quickly.读取速度越高，游戏加载贴图就越快。
write speedn.写入速度
Slow write speed will make video recording stutter.写入速度太慢会让视频录制卡顿。
plattern.盘片
A platter is the spinning disk inside a hard drive.盘片是硬盘内部旋转的圆盘。

5️⃣ 输入设备（45）

keyboardn.键盘
I spilled coffee on my keyboard and now several letters do not work.我把咖啡洒在键盘上，有几个键现在失灵了。
keypadn.小键盘
Use the numeric keypad on the right to enter figures quickly.用右侧的数字小键盘可以快速录入数字。
trackballn.轨迹球
A trackball stays still while you roll the ball with your thumb.轨迹球本身不动，用拇指滚动球体来移动光标。
touchpadn.触控板
Two-finger scrolling on the touchpad feels natural for most users.在触控板上双指滑动，对大多数用户来说很顺手。
pointing stickn.指点杆
The pointing stick between the G and H keys moves the cursor under fingertip pressure.G 键和 H 键之间的指点杆通过指压来移动光标。
joystickn.操纵杆
Tilt the joystick forward to make the plane take off.向前推操纵杆，飞机就能起飞。
gamepadn.游戏手柄
Connect the gamepad over Bluetooth for a wireless gaming experience.通过蓝牙连接游戏手柄，就能无线畅玩游戏。
scannern.扫描仪
Scan old family photos at 600 DPI to keep a clear digital copy.以 600 DPI 扫描老照片，可以保留清晰的数字版本。
barcode readern.条码扫描器
The cashier scans each item with a handheld barcode reader.收银员用手持条码扫描器扫描每件商品。
QR coden.二维码
Point the phone camera at the QR code to open the menu instantly.把手机摄像头对准二维码，即可立即打开菜单。
cameran.摄像头
The camera captured every detail.相机捕捉到了每一个细节。
stylusn.手写笔
Sketch a quick diagram with the stylus right on the tablet.用手写笔直接在平板上快速勾画示意图。
graphics tabletn.数位板
A graphics tablet lets illustrators draw with pen-like pressure control.数位板可让插画师用接近真实笔触的压感来作画。
digitizern.数字化仪
A digitizer converts analog drawings into vector graphics.数字化仪可将手绘草图转换为矢量图形。
touchscreenn.触摸屏
A capacitive touchscreen responds to the tiny electrical charge in your finger.电容触摸屏通过感应手指的微弱电荷来响应触摸。
fingerprint readern.指纹识别器
Unlock the phone by resting your finger on the fingerprint reader.把手指放在指纹识别器上即可解锁手机。
biometric sensorn.生物传感器
A biometric sensor can identify a user by face, voice or fingerprint.生物传感器可通过人脸、声音或指纹识别用户身份。
iris scannern.虹膜扫描仪
An iris scanner reads the unique pattern of your eye to unlock the device.虹膜扫描仪通过读取眼部独一无二的纹理来解锁设备。
face recognitionn.人脸识别
Face recognition now lets you log in just by looking at the phone.如今人脸识别让你看着手机就能登录。
light penn.光笔
A light pen was once used to draw directly on old CRT screens.光笔曾用于在老式 CRT 屏幕上直接作画。
OCRn.光学字符识别
OCR turns printed text in a scanned image into editable words.OCR 可将扫描图像中的印刷文本转为可编辑文字。
magnetic stripen.磁条
Swipe the magnetic stripe on the back of the card through the reader.把卡片背面的磁条在读卡器中划过。
card readern.读卡器
Tap your transit card on the card reader at the station gate.在闸机读卡器上刷一下交通卡。
sensorn.传感器
The temperature sensor reports the current room temperature to the app.温度传感器把当前室温数据上报给应用。
motion sensorn.运动传感器
The motion sensor turns on the hallway light when you walk past.走过时，运动传感器会点亮走廊的灯。
gyroscopen.陀螺仪
The gyroscope helps the drone stay level in windy conditions.陀螺仪帮助无人机在大风中保持平衡。
accelerometern.加速度计
An accelerometer rotates the phone screen when you tilt the device.倾斜手机时，加速度计会让画面跟着旋转。
proximity sensorn.距离传感器
The proximity sensor turns off the screen when you hold the phone to your ear.把手机贴到耳边时，距离传感器会自动关闭屏幕。
remote controln.遥控器
Remote control adjusts devices over the network.远程控制通过网络调整设备。
buttonn.按钮
Hold down the button until the green LED blinks twice.长按这个按钮，直到绿色指示灯闪烁两次。
switchn.开关
A switch statement handles multiple cases.switch 语句处理多个分支。
dialn.旋钮
Dial the number to make a call.拨号打电话。
scroll wheeln.滚轮
Spin the scroll wheel to move quickly through a long document.滚动鼠标滚轮可以快速翻阅长文档。
keyn.按键；💻 计算机：密钥
shortcut keyn.快捷键
Press Ctrl+C as the shortcut key to copy selected text.按 Ctrl+C 这个快捷键即可复制选中的文本。
function keyn.功能键
Tap F1 to open the help screen in most desktop apps.在大多数桌面应用中，按 F1 可打开帮助界面。
input devicen.输入设备
A microphone is another common input device for video calls.麦克风是视频通话中常见的另一种输入设备。
typingn.打字
Daily typing practice will noticeably improve your speed.每天练习打字能明显提升输入速度。
clickv./n.点击
A single click selects an item, while a double click opens it.单击用于选中，双击则用于打开项目。
double-clickv./n.双击
Double-click the file to open it in the default app.双击文件即可用默认应用打开。
swipev./n.滑动
Swipe up from the bottom of the screen to return home.从屏幕底部向上滑动即可回到主页。
pinchv./n.捏合（缩放）
Pinch two fingers together to zoom out on a photo.两指捏合可缩小照片。
voice inputn.语音输入
Voice input is much faster than typing for long messages.对于长消息来说，语音输入比打字快得多。
handwritingn.手写输入
Handwriting recognition has finally become accurate enough for daily notes.手写识别的精度如今已能满足日常笔记的需要。
gesturen.手势
A two-finger pinch is the standard zoom gesture on most touchscreens.双指捏合是大多数触摸屏上标准的缩放手势。

6️⃣ 输出设备（45）

monitorn.显示器
The system monitors network traffic in real time.该系统实时监控网络流量。
displayn.显示屏
The laptop display stays sharp even under bright sunlight.笔记本显示屏即使在强烈日光下也依然清晰。
screenn.屏幕
Clean the screen with a microfiber cloth to avoid scratches.用超细纤维布擦拭屏幕，避免产生划痕。
LCDn.液晶显示器
An LCD uses a backlight behind liquid crystal layers to produce images.LCD 通过液晶层后的背光源来产生图像。
LEDn.发光二极管
An LED indicator shows whether the drive is reading or writing.LED 指示灯可以显示硬盘是在读还是写。
OLEDn.有机发光二极管
OLED screens produce perfect blacks because each pixel lights itself.OLED 屏幕的每个像素自发光，因此可以呈现纯黑。
CRTn.阴极射线管
CRT monitors are now mostly found in old offices and museums.CRT 显示器如今大多只能在老办公室和博物馆里见到。
plasman.等离子（屏）
Plasma TVs once offered the largest flat screens on the market.等离子电视曾是市面上最大的平板电视。
laser printern.激光打印机
A laser printer produces crisp text at a very low cost per copy.激光打印机单页成本低，打印文字尤其锐利。
inkjet printern.喷墨打印机
An inkjet printer is best for glossy color photos at home.喷墨打印机最适合在家打印光面彩色照片。
dot matrixn.针式打印机
A dot matrix printer is still used for multi-part carbon forms.针式打印机至今仍用于打印多层复写单据。
3D printern.3D 打印机
A 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from melted plastic.3D 打印机把塑料逐层熔化，堆叠出立体物件。
plottern.绘图仪
An architect uses a plotter to print full-size blueprints.建筑师用绘图仪打印 1:1 的施工蓝图。
thermal printern.热敏打印机
A thermal printer prints receipts quietly without ink cartridges.热敏打印机无需墨盒，打印小票时安静无噪音。
headphonen.耳机
Over-ear headphones block outside noise for a better music experience.包耳式耳机可隔绝外界噪音，带来更好的听音体验。
earphonen.耳塞
In-ear earphones seal the ear canal for clearer bass.入耳式耳塞贴合耳道，低音更清晰。
headsetn.头戴耳麦
A noise-cancelling headset is essential for clear online meetings.降噪耳麦是开清线上会议的必备工具。
subwoofern.低音炮
A subwoofer reproduces the deep bass that small speakers cannot.低音炮能重放出小型音箱无法呈现的低频。
sound barn.条形音箱
Place the sound bar below the TV for cleaner dialogue.把条形音箱放在电视下方，对话声更清晰。
resolutionn.分辨率
Set the resolution to 1920 by 1080 for a sharper picture.把分辨率设为 1920×1080，画面会更清晰。
pixeln.像素
A 4K display packs more than eight million pixels on the screen.一块 4K 显示屏上有超过 800 万个像素。
aspect ration.宽高比
Most widescreen videos use a 16:9 aspect ratio.大多数宽屏视频采用 16:9 的宽高比。
refresh raten.刷新率
A higher refresh rate makes fast motion look much smoother.更高的刷新率让高速画面看起来更顺滑。
response timen.响应时间
A 1 ms response time is great for competitive gaming monitors.1 毫秒的响应时间非常适合电竞显示器。
brightnessn.亮度
Lower the screen brightness at night to reduce eye strain.夜间降低屏幕亮度，可以减轻眼睛疲劳。
contrastn.对比度
High contrast makes text on a slide easier to read from far away.高对比度让幻灯片上的文字从远处也清晰可读。
color depthn.色深
A higher color depth means more shades on the screen.色深越高，屏幕上能呈现的色彩层次越丰富。
color gamutn.色域
A wide color gamut is important for accurate photo printing.广色域对准确打印照片非常重要。
HDRn.高动态范围
HDR delivers brighter whites and richer blacks in supported games.在支持的游戏中，HDR 能带来更亮的白和更深的黑。
curved screenn.曲面屏
A curved screen fills more of your side vision for a movie-like feel.曲面屏能覆盖更多侧向视野，带来影院般的沉浸感。
bezel-lessadj.无边框的
A bezel-less design lets the screen take up nearly the whole front of the phone.无边框设计让屏幕几乎占满手机整个正面。
VGAn.视频图形阵列接口
VGA carries only analog video and is rarely seen on new monitors.VGA 只能传输模拟视频信号，新款显示器上已很难见到。
HDMIn.高清多媒体接口
Most TVs have at least three HDMI ports for set-top boxes and consoles.大多数电视配有至少三个 HDMI 接口，可接机顶盒和游戏机。
DisplayPortn.显示端口
DisplayPort supports higher refresh rates than HDMI on most PC monitors.在多数 PC 显示器上，DisplayPort 比 HDMI 支持更高的刷新率。
DVIn.数字视频接口
DVI cables were a common way to connect monitors before HDMI arrived.在 HDMI 出现之前，DVI 线缆是连接显示器的常见方式。
USB-Cn.USB-C 接口
USB-C can carry power, data and audio through a single small connector.USB-C 一个接口即可同时传输电力、数据和音频。
Thunderboltn.雷电接口
Thunderbolt enables a single cable to drive two 4K monitors at once.雷电接口用一根线缆即可同时驱动两台 4K 显示器。
output devicen.输出设备
A printer is the most common output device in a typical office.打印机是办公室中最常见的输出设备。
hard copyn.硬拷贝
Sign the hard copy of the contract and mail it back.在合同的纸质副本上签字后再寄回。
printoutn.打印输出
Keep the printout for your records before shredding the file.在销毁文件之前，留一份打印件作为记录。
tonern.碳粉
Replace the toner cartridge when the printout starts to look faded.当打印件开始发淡时，就需要更换碳粉盒了。
cartridgen.墨盒
Each ink cartridge lasts about a hundred pages of mixed color printing.每个墨盒大约可打印一百页彩色混合文档。
nozzlen.喷头
A clogged nozzle will leave blank gaps in the printed page.喷头堵塞会让打印纸面出现空白横纹。
tactile feedbackn.触觉反馈
Tactile feedback on the keyboard simulates the feel of real keys.键盘的触觉反馈模拟出真实按键的手感。
vibrationn.震动
Vibration can indicate a mechanical problem.振动可能表明机械问题。

7️⃣ 电源散热与组装维护（45）

PSUn.电源供应器
Pick a PSU with at least 100 watts more than your system needs.挑选电源时，额定功率最好比整机需求高 100 瓦以上。
wattn.瓦特
A gaming PC typically needs between 500 and 800 watts.游戏主机一般在 500 至 800 瓦之间。
voltagen.电压
Most laptops charge at 19 volts through a small DC adapter.大多数笔记本通过小型直流适配器以 19 伏充电。
currentn.电流
The fuse protects the circuit when the current becomes too high.当电流过大时，保险丝会保护电路不受损坏。
batteryn.电池
I replaced the battery in my phone yesterday.我昨天才换过手机电池。
lithium batteryn.锂电池
A lithium battery holds its charge much longer than old nickel types.锂电池比老式镍氢电池续航更久。
chargern.充电器
Unplug the charger once the laptop battery is full.笔记本电池充满后请拔掉充电器。
adaptern.适配器
Bring a travel adapter if your charger plug does not fit the wall socket.如果充电器插头与当地插座不匹配，请带上旅行转接头。
UPSn.不间断电源
A UPS keeps the server running for a few minutes after a power cut.断电后，UPS 可以让服务器继续运行几分钟。
surge protectorn.防雷插座
Always plug expensive electronics into a surge protector.贵重电器一定要接在防雷插座上。
power cordn.电源线
Replace the power cord immediately if you notice any exposed wire.一旦发现电源线外露，应立刻更换。
coolingn.散热
Better cooling lets the CPU run at higher speeds for longer.更好的散热能让 CPU 更长时间地保持高频运行。
fann.风扇
A case fan pulls cool air in from the front and pushes hot air out the back.机箱风扇从前面吸入冷空气，再从后面排出热空气。
heat sinkn.散热片
The heat sink draws heat away from the CPU into the surrounding air.散热片把 CPU 的热量传导到周围的空气。
liquid coolingn.液冷
Liquid cooling can lower the CPU temperature by 20 degrees or more.液冷能把 CPU 温度再降低 20 摄氏度以上。
thermal pasten.导热硅脂
Apply a pea-sized drop of thermal paste before mounting the cooler.安装散热器前，在 CPU 表面点上豌豆大小的导热硅脂。
ventilationn.通风
Good ventilation keeps the server room well below 30 degrees Celsius.良好的通风让机房温度保持在 30 摄氏度以下。
temperaturen.温度
Check the CPU temperature before starting any stress test.开始压力测试前，先检查 CPU 的温度。
overheatv.过热
Laptop CPUs can overheat quickly if the vents are blocked.笔记本散热口一旦被堵，CPU 很容易过热。
power consumptionn.功耗
Modern GPUs are designed to lower power consumption when idle.现代 GPU 在空闲时会主动降低功耗。
energy efficiencyn.能效
Energy efficiency is one reason laptops last longer on a single charge.能效高是笔记本续航更久的部分原因。
assemblev.组装
Workers assemble the cars in this factory.工人们在这家工厂组装汽车。
installationn.安装
Run the installation wizard and reboot the system when it finishes.运行安装向导，完毕后重启系统。
upgradev./n.升级
A memory upgrade gave this five-year-old laptop a new lease on life.升级内存后，这台旧笔记本焕发了新生。
replacev.更换
Replace the battery every two years to keep the runtime stable.每两年更换一次电池，可保持续航稳定。
repairv./n.维修
Repair the broken connection on the board.修复电路板上断开的连接。
troubleshootv.排除故障
Spend a few minutes troubleshooting before calling technical support.先花几分钟排查故障，再联系技术支持。
diagnosev.诊断
Use the diagnostic tool to diagnose why the laptop will not boot.用诊断工具来判断笔记本无法开机的原因。
maintenancen.维护
Schedule regular maintenance to clean the fans and replace the paste.定期维护时要清理风扇、更换导热硅脂。
warrantyn.保修
The warranty covers manufacturing defects for three full years.保修期为三年，覆盖制造工艺缺陷。
compatibleadj.兼容的
This new RAM module is compatible with the existing motherboard.这条新内存与现有主板完全兼容。
compatibilityn.兼容性
Always check compatibility before buying parts for an older computer.为老电脑选购配件前，一定要先确认兼容性。
configurationn.配置
Save the router configuration before applying any firmware update.升级固件前先备份路由器的配置。
specificationn.规格
The specification defines the system behavior.规格说明书定义系统行为。
bootv./n.启动
Press F12 during startup to choose a different boot device.开机时按 F12 可选择其他启动设备。
POSTn.加电自检
The POST beeps three times when it cannot find the memory.加电自检在找不到内存时会发出三声蜂鸣。
drivern.驱动程序
Install the latest driver to fix the printer connection issue.安装最新驱动程序可修复打印机连接故障。
peripheraln.外设
A keyboard, mouse and printer are all common peripherals.键盘、鼠标和打印机都是常见的外设。
plug and playphr.即插即用
Most USB devices support plug and play with no manual setup.大多数 USB 设备都支持即插即用，无需手工配置。
hot-swappableadj.热插拔的
Hot-swappable drives can be replaced without shutting the server down.热插拔硬盘可在服务器不关机的情况下更换。
dustproofadj.防尘的
A dustproof filter keeps the inside of the case much cleaner.防尘滤网能让机箱内部保持干净得多。
screwdrivern.螺丝刀
Use a Phillips screwdriver to open the laptop back cover.用十字螺丝刀打开笔记本后盖。
anti-staticadj.防静电的
Wear an anti-static wrist strap when handling bare circuit boards.徒手接触电路板时，请佩戴防静电手环。
groundingn.接地
Proper grounding prevents static electricity from damaging components.良好的接地可避免静电击穿电子元件。
malfunctionn./v.故障
A power surge can cause a permanent malfunction in the power supply.电涌可能让电源发生永久性故障。

8️⃣ 数字系统与数据表示（40）

binaryn./adj.二进制（的）
Computers store everything in binary, using only the digits 0 and 1.计算机用仅由 0 和 1 组成的二进制来存储一切。
decimaln./adj.十进制（的）
The decimal system is the one we use in ordinary daily arithmetic.十进制是我们日常算术中使用的进制。
hexadecimaln./adj.十六进制（的）
Programmers often write memory addresses in hexadecimal.程序员经常用十六进制表示内存地址。
octaln./adj.八进制（的）
Octal was widely used in early Unix file modes like 755.八进制曾广泛用于早期的 Unix 文件权限（如 755）。
digitn.数字
Each digit on a digital clock can be from 0 to 9.数字时钟上的每位数字取值范围是 0 到 9。
nibblen.半字节
A nibble holds four bits and represents one hexadecimal digit.半字节包含 4 个比特，等价于一位十六进制数。
wordn.（计算机）字
In computing, a word is the natural data size the CPU handles at once.在计算机中，"字"是 CPU 一次能处理的自然数据单位。
datan.数据
Back up your data to an external drive every week.每周把数据备份到一块外置硬盘上。
informationn.信息
Information can be encoded, transmitted and decoded with very little loss.信息可被编码、传输和解码，几乎不失真。
signaln.信号
A weak Wi-Fi signal slows down every online task.Wi-Fi 信号太弱时，所有联网任务都会变慢。
analogadj.模拟的
An analog watch has hands that move smoothly with no ticking sound.模拟式手表的指针连续转动，没有滴答声。
digitaladj.数字的
A digital thermometer shows the exact temperature to one decimal place.数字温度计可显示精确到小数点后一位的温度。
hertzn.赫兹
Hertz is the unit used to measure cycles per second.赫兹是每秒周期数的单位。
bandwidthn.带宽
A wider bandwidth lets more data travel through the network at once.带宽越大，单位时间内通过网络的数据就越多。
data raten.数据速率
The USB 3.0 standard offers a much higher data rate than USB 2.0.USB 3.0 标准的数据速率远高于 USB 2.0。
encodingn.编码
Text encoding determines how characters are turned into bytes.文本编码决定了字符如何转成字节。
decodingn.解码
The video player shows an error when decoding the stream fails.视频解码失败时，播放器会报错。
ASCIIn.美国信息交换标准码
ASCII uses just seven bits and covers the basic English alphabet.ASCII 仅用 7 个比特，覆盖基本的英文字母。
Unicoden.统一码
Unicode assigns a unique code point to almost every character in the world.Unicode 为全球几乎每个字符分配了唯一的码点。
charactern.字符
A character stores a single letter or symbol.字符变量存储单个字母或符号。
character setn.字符集
UTF-8 is the most common character set on the modern web.UTF-8 是当今网络上最常用的字符集。
logic gaten.逻辑门
A single logic gate can compute AND, OR or NOT on two input bits.一个逻辑门即可对两个输入位执行与、或、非运算。
Booleanadj.布尔的
Use a Boolean flag to indicate whether the user is logged in.用一个布尔标志来表示用户是否已登录。
truth tablen.真值表
A truth table lists every possible input and output of a logic gate.真值表列出逻辑门所有可能的输入与对应输出。
countern.计数器
A binary counter records how many clock pulses it has received.二进制计数器累计它接收到的时钟脉冲数。
machine languagen.机器语言
Machine language consists only of numbers the CPU reads directly.机器语言由 CPU 能直接识别的数字组成。
assembly languagen.汇编语言
Assembly language is just a human-readable form of machine language.汇编语言只是机器语言的可读形式。
high-level languagen.高级语言
A high-level language lets programmers write code without managing registers.高级语言让程序员不必管理寄存器就能写代码。
compilev.编译
Compile the source code into a binary before running it.运行前先把源代码编译成二进制文件。
executev.执行
Double-click the file to execute the program on Windows.双击该文件即可在 Windows 上执行该程序。
processv./n.处理
Each process has its own memory space.每个进程都有自己的内存空间。
computev.计算
The spreadsheet will compute the sum automatically once you press Enter.按回车后，电子表格会自动计算总和。
calculationn.计算
A calculator app can do any basic calculation in less than a second.计算器应用可在不到一秒内完成任意基本运算。
arithmeticn.算术
The ALU handles all integer arithmetic inside the CPU.CPU 内部的 ALU 负责所有整数算术运算。
overflown./v.溢出
Adding 1 to the maximum 8-bit value causes an integer overflow error.给一个 8 位整数的最大值再加 1，就会发生整数溢出。
complementn.补码
Two's complement makes subtraction as simple as addition in hardware.二进制补码让硬件中的减法和加法一样简单。
floating pointn.浮点
Floating-point arithmetic can represent very large or very small numbers.浮点运算可以表示极大或极小的数值。
fixed pointn.定点
Fixed-point math is faster but offers a more limited numeric range.定点运算更快，但可表示的数值范围更小。
instruction cyclen.指令周期
An instruction cycle usually includes fetch, decode and execute steps.一个指令周期通常包括取指、译码和执行三个步骤。
fetchv.取（指令）
The CPU fetches the next instruction from memory on each clock cycle.CPU 在每个时钟周期都从内存中取出下一条指令。

9️⃣ 常用操作动词（45）

inputv./n.输入
Type the input directly into the search box at the top.把内容直接输入到顶部的搜索框。
outputv./n.输出
The program outputs the result to the screen and saves it to a file.程序把结果输出到屏幕，并保存到一个文件里。
storev.存储
Store the data in a database before running any analysis.在分析之前先把数据存入数据库。
retrievev.检索
Use the search box to retrieve files by name or content.通过搜索框按名称或内容检索文件。
printv.打印
Print the report before the meeting so everyone has a paper copy.开会前把报告打印出来，方便每人一份。
scanv.扫描
Scan the QR code on the package to track the shipment.扫描包裹上的二维码即可追踪物流。
connectv.连接
Connect the printer to Wi-Fi before installing the driver.先让打印机连上 Wi-Fi，再安装驱动。
disconnectv.断开
The server will disconnect after timeout.服务器将在超时后断开连接。
installv.安装
Run the setup file and let the system install the software for you.运行安装程序，让系统帮你完成软件安装。
uninstallv.卸载
Uninstall any program you no longer use to free up disk space.不再使用的程序要及时卸载，以释放磁盘空间。
configurev.配置
The router will configure itself the first time you power it on.路由器首次通电时会自行完成初始化配置。
initializev.初始化
Initialize the array to all zeros before the loop begins.在循环开始前先把数组初始化为全 0。
resetv.重置
Hold the power button to reset the device when nothing responds.系统无响应时，长按电源键可以重置。
restartv.重启
Restart the computer after installing the new driver.装好新驱动后请重启电脑。
shut downphr.关机
Always shut down the computer properly before unplugging it.拔掉电源前，请先正常关机。
power onphr.开机
Power on the workstation with the switch on the back panel.用背面的电源开关为工作站开机。
power offphr.关机
Power off the monitor when you leave for the day to save energy.下班时关掉显示器电源以节省能源。
enablev.启用
Click the toggle to enable push notifications for the app.点击开关即可为该应用启用推送通知。
disablev.禁用
Disable the firewall only while running tests in a safe environment.只有在安全环境中测试时，才暂时禁用防火墙。
activatev.激活
Activate the new account by clicking the link in your email.点击邮件里的链接以激活账户。
deactivatev.停用
The app will deactivate your old license when you sign in elsewhere.你在其他地方登录后，应用会自动停用旧设备的许可证。
mountv.挂载
Mount the display on the panel.将显示器安装在面板上。
ejectv.弹出
Eject the USB drive safely before pulling it out of the port.拔出 U 盘前先安全弹出。
insertv.插入
Insert the memory card until it clicks into place.把存储卡插入到位，听到咔哒声响即可。
removev.移除
Remove the old wallpaper before applying a new one.应用新壁纸前，先移除旧壁纸。
attachv.连接；附加
Please attach the file to your email.请将文件附加到邮件中。
detachv.分离
Detach the unused database connection before closing the app.关闭应用前，先断开不再使用的数据库连接。
plugv./n.插入；插头
Plug the charger into the wall socket first, then into the laptop.先把充电器插进墙上的插座，再接到笔记本。
unplugv.拔出
Unplug the toaster before you try to clean out the crumbs.清理面包屑前请先拔掉烤面包机的插头。
pressv.按
The press reported on the event extensively.媒体广泛报道了这一事件。
holdv.按住
Hold down the Shift key while clicking to select multiple files.按住 Shift 键的同时点击，可选中多个文件。
releasev.松开
The release will go out next week.发布将在下周进行。
dragv.拖动
Drag the file icon from the desktop onto the USB drive icon.把桌面上的文件图标拖到 U 盘图标上。
dropv.放下
Drop the attachment into the email window to upload it.把附件拖进邮件窗口即可上传。
scrollv.滚动
Scroll down to the bottom of the page for the full list.向下滚动到页面底部，即可查看完整列表。
selectv.选择
Use SELECT to retrieve data.用 SELECT 检索数据。
highlightv.高亮
Highlight any differences between the two files for review.把两个文件之间的差异高亮出来，便于核对。
deletev.删除
Right-click the file and choose Delete to move it to the recycle bin.右键单击文件并选择删除，即可把它移到回收站。
erasev.擦除
Erase all personal data before selling your old phone.出售旧手机前请抹掉所有个人数据。
savev.保存
Save the document every few minutes to avoid losing work.每隔几分钟保存一次文档，避免丢失内容。
loadv.加载
The web page will load in about three seconds on a fast connection.在快速网络下，网页大约三秒即可加载完毕。
readv.读取
Read the user manual carefully before using the new device.使用新设备前，请先仔细阅读用户手册。
writev.写入
Write the output of the program to a log file for later review.把程序的输出写入日志文件，方便日后查阅。
transferv./n.传输
Transfer the files over Wi-Fi to avoid using up your mobile data.通过 Wi-Fi 传输文件，避免消耗手机流量。
copyv./n.复制
Make a backup copy of the folder before you edit anything.修改任何文件前，先备份一份副本。

🔟 常用形容词与名词（45）

portableadj.便携的
Python code is highly portable.Python 代码具有高度可移植性。
wirelessadj.无线的
A wireless headset frees you from tangled cables at your desk.无线耳机让你摆脱桌面上缠绕的线缆。
wiredadj.有线的
A wired connection is more stable than Wi-Fi for online gaming.对在线游戏来说，有线连接比 Wi-Fi 更稳定。
built-inadj.内置的
The laptop has a built-in webcam just above the screen.笔记本屏幕正上方有一颗内置摄像头。
externaladj.外置的
An external SSD connects to the laptop through a single USB-C cable.外置固态硬盘通过一根 USB-C 线连接笔记本。
internaladj.内部的
The internal battery is not user-replaceable on most modern phones.如今大多数手机的内部电池无法由用户自行更换。
removableadj.可拆卸的
A removable back panel lets you swap the battery in seconds.可拆卸后盖让你几秒钟就能换好电池。
durableadj.耐用的
A rugged external drive is more durable than a regular plastic one.加固型外置硬盘比普通塑料外壳更耐用。
compactadj.紧凑的
The compact printer fits easily on a small home office desk.这台紧凑型打印机能轻松放在家庭办公桌上。
lightweightadj.轻量的
The lightweight laptop weighs just over one kilogram.这款轻量笔记本的重量仅略高于一公斤。
slimadj.轻薄的
A slim profile makes the laptop easy to carry in any backpack.超薄的机身让这台笔记本可以轻松装进任何背包。
ergonomicadj.人体工学的
An ergonomic chair reduces back pain during long work sessions.人体工学椅能减轻长时间工作带来的腰背酸痛。
high-performanceadj.高性能的
A high-performance workstation is essential for video editing work.视频剪辑离不开一台高性能工作站。
high-speedadj.高速的
A high-speed SSD reduces game loading times to almost nothing.高速固态硬盘让游戏加载时间几乎为零。
low-poweradj.低功耗的
Choose a low-power CPU for a fanless, silent mini PC.为无风扇静音迷你主机选用低功耗 CPU。
energy-savingadj.节能的
An energy-saving washing machine can cut power bills by half.节能洗衣机能把电费支出减少一半。
reliableadj.可靠的
A reliable power supply protects your PC from sudden outages.可靠的电源能保护电脑免受突然断电的影响。
robustadj.坚固的
The system is robust to failures.系统对故障具有鲁棒性。
fragileadj.易碎的
Glass screens are beautiful but fragile without a protective case.玻璃屏幕美观，但没保护壳时很易碎。
obsoleteadj.淘汰的
Floppy drives became obsolete once USB sticks took over.U 盘普及之后，软驱就被淘汰了。
state-of-the-artadj.最先进的
The new phone uses state-of-the-art cooling to stay fast under load.新手机采用前沿散热方案，高负载下依然流畅。
cutting-edgeadj.前沿的
Cutting-edge research labs use the latest GPUs for AI training.前沿实验室用最新的 GPU 来训练 AI 模型。
legacyadj.老旧的
A legacy port lets you plug in older equipment that has no USB.老式接口可用来连接没有 USB 的旧设备。
genericadj.通用的
Generics allow type parameters in classes and methods.泛型允许在类和方法中使用类型参数。
dedicatedadj.专用的
A dedicated graphics card handles 3D rendering far better than integrated graphics.独立显卡的 3D 渲染能力远胜集成显卡。
versatileadj.多功能的
A versatile tablet works for both note-taking in class and video editing.多功能的平板既能在课堂上记笔记，又能做视频剪辑。
flexibleadj.灵活的
A flexible schedule lets the team hold meetings whenever it suits everyone.灵活的排程让团队可以在任何合适的时间开会。
scalableadj.可扩展的
A scalable cloud service can grow with your business overnight.可扩展的云服务能在一夜之间随业务一同成长。
upgradeableadj.可升级的
A modular laptop is easier to upgrade than one with soldered parts.模块化笔记本比一体封装的机型更容易升级。
affordableadj.买得起的
Refurbished laptops are an affordable way to get good performance.翻新笔记本是获得不错性能的实惠之选。
cost-effectiveadj.高性价比的
A mid-range GPU is usually more cost-effective than the flagship model.中端显卡通常比旗舰型号更具性价比。
hardwaren.硬件
Hardware refers to the physical parts you can touch inside a computer.硬件指的就是电脑内部那些看得见、摸得着的部件。
devicen.设备
A smartwatch is a wearable device that also runs small apps.智能手表是可穿戴设备，能运行一些轻量应用。
equipmentn.设备
Office equipment such as printers and scanners is usually shared on a network.打印机、扫描仪等办公设备通常在网络上共享。
apparatusn.装置
A simple heating apparatus keeps the lab sample at a constant temperature.一台简易加热装置可以让实验室样品保持恒温。
gadgetn.小装置
A USB fan is a handy little gadget for a hot summer day.USB 小风扇是炎热夏日里很顺手的小玩意儿。
componentn.部件
A single faulty component can stop the whole machine from working.哪怕一个部件出错，整台机器也可能停摆。
modulen.模块
A module is a file containing related code.模块是包含相关代码的文件。
unitn.单元
A power supply unit converts AC from the wall into DC for the PC.电源单元把市电交流电转换成电脑使用的直流电。
accessoryn.配件
A spare charger is a useful accessory to keep in your bag.多带一个备用充电器是包里很实用的配件。
consumablen.耗材
Printer paper and ink are consumables that need to be reordered regularly.打印纸和墨水都是耗材，需要定期补货。
manualn.手册
A manual override is useful in emergencies.手动覆盖在紧急情况下很有用。
datasheetn.数据手册
Check the datasheet for the exact voltage range of the chip.查阅数据手册可获取芯片的精确电压范围。
dimensionn.尺寸
Measure the dimension of the case before buying a new graphics card.购买新显卡前，先量一下机箱的尺寸。
weightn.重量；🤖 AI：权重

🔗 Part 2 核心短语（18 个）

central processing unit (CPU)中央处理器
random access memory (RAM)随机存取存储器（内存）
read-only memory (ROM)只读存储器
graphics card显卡
printed circuit board (PCB)印刷电路板
input device输入设备
output device输出设备
storage capacity存储容量
cooling system散热系统
USB portUSB 接口
data bus数据总线
cache memory高速缓存
heat sink散热器
plug in插上（电源/插头）
power on / power off开机 / 关机
be equipped with配备有……
connect...to...把……连接到……
be made up of由……组成

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（27 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（6 题）

  1. The new processor makes the laptop run much faster.
  2. This desktop is equipped with 32 gigabytes of memory.
  3. Make sure the device is connected to the power supply.
  4. Robots are widely used in factory automation.
  5. Please plug the cable into the USB port.
  6. A solid-state drive works much faster than a traditional hard disk.

二、汉译英（6 题）

  1. 这台电脑配备了高性能的显卡。
  2. 路由器把家里所有的设备连接到互联网。
  3. 请把打印机连接到电脑上。
  4. 无人机是一种便携的电子设备。
  5. 主板是计算机最重要的部件之一。
  6. 下班前请关闭所有设备。

三、选词填空（7 题）

词库：peripheral · battery · component · storage · scanner · adapter · fan
  1. A printer is a common device.
  2. The of my phone only lasts one day.
  3. Each of the machine must be tested.
  4. We need more space for these files.
  5. The converts paper documents into digital files.
  6. You need an to use this device abroad.
  7. The cooling prevents the computer from overheating.

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 中央处理器 →
  2. 随机存取存储器 →
  3. storage capacity →
  4. input device →
  5. 配备有…… →
  6. power on →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The Impact of Computers on Modern Life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 计算机自20世纪40年代诞生以来，已经深刻地改变了人类的生活。早期的计算机体积庞大，重达数吨，只能执行简单的计算任务。随着晶体管和集成电路的发明，计算机的体积越来越小，性能却越来越强大。如今，一部智能手机的计算能力已经超过了当年阿波罗登月计划所使用的计算机。计算机技术已广泛应用于教育、医疗、交通和金融等各个领域，成为现代社会不可或缺的基础设施。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 新处理器让这台笔记本电脑运行得快多了。
  2. 这台台式机配备了 32 GB 内存。
  3. 确保该设备已连接到电源。
  4. 机器人被广泛应用于工厂自动化。
  5. 请把线缆插入 USB 接口。
  6. 固态硬盘比传统硬盘的工作速度快得多。

二、汉译英

  1. This computer is equipped with a high-performance graphics card.
  2. The router connects all the devices at home to the Internet.
  3. Please connect the printer to the computer.
  4. The drone is a portable electronic device.
  5. The motherboard is one of the most important components of a computer.
  6. Please power off all devices before leaving work.

三、选词填空

  1. peripheral
  2. battery
  3. component
  4. storage
  5. scanner
  6. adapter
  7. fan

四、短语互译

  1. central processing unit (CPU)
  2. random access memory (RAM)
  3. 存储容量
  4. 输入设备
  5. be equipped with
  6. 开机

五、写作训练（参考范文）

The Impact of Computers on Modern Life

With the rapid development of technology, computers have become an indispensable part of modern life. They have profoundly changed the way we work, study and communicate.

Firstly, computers greatly improve our efficiency. Tasks that once took days can now be finished in seconds with the help of powerful processors and large memory. Secondly, computers connected to the Internet give us access to a vast amount of information, enabling us to learn anytime and anywhere. Finally, computers are widely used in almost every field, from education and medicine to transportation and finance.

However, we should also be aware of the problems brought by computers, such as Internet addiction and privacy leakage. Only by using computers wisely can we fully enjoy the convenience they bring.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

Since its birth in the 1940s, the computer has profoundly changed human life. Early computers were enormous in size, weighing several tons, and could only perform simple calculation tasks. With the invention of the transistor and the integrated circuit, computers have become smaller and smaller in size, yet more and more powerful in performance. Today, the computing power of a smartphone exceeds that of the computer used in the Apollo moon-landing program. Computer technology has been widely applied in various fields such as education, medicine, transportation and finance, and has become an indispensable infrastructure of modern society.

💪 Part 4 强化训练（13 题）新增 · 计算机基础与硬件

一、英译汉（4 题）

  1. The motherboard connects all the components of a computer.
  2. Solid-state drives are much faster than traditional hard drives.
  3. This graphics card can handle 4K video smoothly.
  4. Make sure the power supply provides enough wattage for your system.

二、汉译英（4 题）

  1. 这款笔记本电脑的电池续航时间可达十小时。
  2. 升级内存可以显著提高电脑的运行速度。
  3. 中央处理器是计算机的大脑。
  4. 在组装电脑之前，请先释放身上的静电。

三、选词填空（4 题）

词库：cache · compatible · overheat · peripheral
  1. The CPU uses its to store frequently used data.
  2. This printer is with both Windows and macOS.
  3. Without a fan, the chip will quickly.
  4. A mouse is a common input .

四、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 个人电脑自二十世纪八十年代进入家庭以来，极大地改变了人们的工作和生活方式。随着处理器性能不断提升、存储容量持续扩大，如今的电脑比几十年前快了成千上万倍。与此同时，硬件价格不断下降，使更多人能够负担得起自己的电脑。未来，人工智能芯片和量子计算有望带来新一轮的硬件革命。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 主板连接着计算机的所有部件。
  2. 固态硬盘比传统机械硬盘快得多。
  3. 这款显卡能流畅处理 4K 视频。
  4. 确保电源为你的系统提供足够的功率。

二、汉译英

  1. The battery of this laptop can last up to ten hours.
  2. Upgrading the memory can significantly improve the speed of a computer.
  3. The CPU is the brain of the computer.
  4. Before assembling a computer, please discharge the static electricity from your body.

三、选词填空

  1. cache
  2. compatible
  3. overheat
  4. peripheral

四、长文翻译（参考译文）

Since personal computers entered homes in the 1980s, they have greatly changed the way people work and live. With processor performance constantly improving and storage capacity expanding, today's computers are thousands of times faster than those of decades ago. At the same time, falling hardware prices have enabled more people to afford their own computers. In the future, AI chips and quantum computing are expected to bring about a new hardware revolution.

阶段二：软件、编程与开发 500 词 · 18 短语 · 40 题

🎯 学习目标：掌握编程语言、软件工程与开发流程的核心词汇，能阅读英文技术文档、API 说明和报错信息（对应市面教材 Computer Software / Computer Programming / Operating System 等单元）。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1program
/ˈprəʊɡræm/		n.程序 v.编程This program can edit photos.这个程序可以编辑照片。
2programmer
/ˈprəʊɡræmə(r)/		n.程序员The programmer writes code every day.程序员每天写代码。
3code
/kəʊd/		n.代码；编码 v.编码Every line of code must be checked.每一行代码都必须检查。
4command
/kəˈmɑːnd/		n.命令；指令Type the command to start the program.输入命令来启动程序。
5instruction
/ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/		n.指令；说明The CPU executes millions of instructions per second.CPU每秒执行数百万条指令。
6statement
/ˈsteɪtmənt/		n.语句；陈述An "if" statement controls the flow of the program."if"语句控制程序的流程。
7syntax
/ˈsɪntæks/		n.语法A syntax error stops the program from running.语法错误会使程序无法运行。
8variable
/ˈveəriəbl/		n.变量 adj.可变的The variable stores the user's name.变量存储用户的名字。
9constant
/ˈkɒnstənt/		n.常量 adj.持续不变的The value of a constant never changes.常量的值永不改变。
10array
/əˈreɪ/		n.数组；阵列The array stores one hundred numbers.这个数组存储一百个数字。
11string
/strɪŋ/		n.字符串；串A string is a sequence of characters.字符串是字符的序列。
12loop
/luːp/		n.循环；环The loop repeats the task ten times.循环把这个任务重复十次。
13function
/ˈfʌŋkʃn/		n.函数；功能This function calculates the average of the numbers.这个函数计算这些数字的平均值。
14module
/ˈmɒdjuːl/		n.模块；组件The system is divided into several modules.系统被划分成若干模块。
15library
/ˈlaɪbrəri/		n.（程序）库；图书馆This library provides tools for data analysis.这个库提供了数据分析的工具。
16framework
/ˈfreɪmwɜːk/		n.框架The framework makes web development faster.这个框架让网页开发更快。
17application
/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/		n.应用程序；应用；申请This application helps students learn English.这个应用帮助学生学习英语。
18software engineering
/ˈsɒftweə endʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/		n.软件工程Software engineering combines theory and practice.软件工程把理论与实践结合起来。
19operating system
(OS)		n.操作系统Windows is a widely used operating system.Windows是一个被广泛使用的操作系统。
20database
/ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/		n.数据库All user data is stored in the database.所有用户数据都存储在数据库中。
21algorithm
/ˈælɡərɪðəm/		n.算法The search algorithm is very efficient.这个搜索算法非常高效。
22data structure
/ˈdeɪtə ˈstrʌktʃə/		n.数据结构Arrays are a basic data structure.数组是一种基本的数据结构。
23object-oriented
/ˈɒbdʒɪkt ˈɔːrientɪd/		adj.面向对象的Java is an object-oriented language.Java是一种面向对象的语言。
24class
/klɑːs/		n.类；班级；等级A class defines the properties of objects.类定义对象的属性。
25method
/ˈmeθəd/		n.方法This method returns the result.这个方法返回结果。
26parameter
/pəˈræmɪtə(r)/		n.参数；参量The function takes two parameters.这个函数接收两个参数。
27execute
/ˈeksɪkjuːt/		v.执行；运行The computer executes the instructions one by one.计算机逐条执行指令。
28compile
/kəmˈpaɪl/		v.编译Compile the code before running it.运行前先编译代码。
29compiler
/kəmˈpaɪlə(r)/		n.编译器The compiler checks the code for errors.编译器检查代码中的错误。
30bug
/bʌɡ/		n.程序错误；虫子There is a bug in the program.程序里有一个错误。
31debugging
/diːˈbʌɡɪŋ/		n.调试；排错Debugging takes much of a programmer's time.调试占用程序员大量时间。
32version
/ˈvɜːʃn/		n.版本Please update to the latest version.请更新到最新版本。
33open source
/ˌəʊpən ˈsɔːs/		adj.开源的Linux is a famous open source system.Linux是一个著名的开源系统。
34interface
/ˈɪntəfeɪs/		n.接口；界面The interface is simple and easy to use.这个界面简单易用。
35documentation
/ˌdɒkjumenˈteɪʃn/		n.（技术）文档Read the documentation before using the library.使用这个库之前先读文档。
36repository
/rɪˈpɒzətri/		n.代码仓库；资源库The code is stored in an online repository.代码存储在在线代码仓库中。
37agile
/ˈædʒaɪl/		adj.敏捷的Agile development responds to change quickly.敏捷开发能快速响应变化。
38release
/rɪˈliːs/		v./n.发布；发行The company released a new version yesterday.公司昨天发布了新版本。
39maintain
/meɪnˈteɪn/		v.维护；保持It costs money to maintain the software.维护软件需要花钱。
40deploy
/dɪˈplɔɪ/		v.部署Deploy the application to the server.把应用部署到服务器。
41script
/skrɪpt/		n.脚本；剧本The script runs automatically at startup.脚本在启动时自动运行。
42data
/ˈdeɪtə/		n.数据Computers process large amounts of data.计算机处理大量数据。
43file
/faɪl/		n.文件；档案Save the file before closing the program.关闭程序前先保存文件。
44folder
/ˈfəʊldə(r)/		n.文件夹Put the photos in a new folder.把照片放进一个新文件夹。
45icon
/ˈaɪkɒn/		n.图标Click the icon to open the app.点击图标打开应用。
46cursor
/ˈkɜːsə(r)/		n.光标Move the cursor to the beginning of the line.把光标移到行首。
47window
/ˈwɪndəʊ/		n.窗口；窗户Close the window when you finish.完成后关闭窗口。
48menu
/ˈmenjuː/		n.菜单Choose "Save" from the menu.从菜单中选择"保存"。
49screen
/skriːn/		n.屏幕The screen shows the test results.屏幕显示测试结果。
50shortcut
/ˈʃɔːtkʌt/		n.快捷方式；捷径Create a shortcut on the desktop.在桌面上创建一个快捷方式。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（450 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 编程基础概念（45）

programn./v.程序；编程
She wrote a program to sort the numbers.她写了一个对数字进行排序的程序。
programmingn.编程
Programming requires logical thinking.编程需要逻辑思维。
coden./v.代码；编码
The code runs without errors.这段代码运行时没有错误。
codingn.编码
She enjoys coding in her free time.她空闲时喜欢写代码。
source coden.源代码
Open-source projects share their source code.开源项目会公开它们的源代码。
machine coden.机器码
Compilers translate source code into machine code.编译器将源代码翻译成机器码。
bytecoden.字节码
Java compiles source code into bytecode.Java 将源代码编译成字节码。
executablen./adj.可执行文件（的）
Double-click the executable to install the program.双击可执行文件即可安装程序。
binary filen.二进制文件
The compiler produced a binary file.编译器生成了一个二进制文件。
scriptn.脚本
She wrote a script to automate the task.她写了一个脚本来自动完成任务。
syntaxn.语法
A missing semicolon is a syntax error in C.在 C 语言中缺少分号是语法错误。
semanticsn.语义
The semantics of the code were clear.代码的语义很清晰。
grammarn.文法
Every programming language has its own grammar rules.每种编程语言都有自己的语法规则。
keywordn.关键字
Keywords like "if" and "for" are reserved in most languages."if" 和 "for" 等关键字在大多数语言中是保留的。
identifiern.标识符
Choose a descriptive identifier for the variable.为变量选择一个描述性的标识符。
literaln.字面量
Use a string literal to define the message.使用字符串字面量来定义消息。
tokenn.记号；🤖 AI：词元；💻 计算机：令牌
commentn.注释
He made a brief comment on the article.他对这篇文章做了简短的评论。
indentationn.缩进
Python uses indentation to define code blocks.Python 用缩进来定义代码块。
statementn.语句
Each statement in C ends with a semicolon.C 语言中的每条语句都以分号结尾。
expressionn.表达式
An expression evaluates to a value.表达式会求值为一个值。
operatorn.运算符
The "+" operator adds two numbers."+" 运算符将两个数字相加。
operandn.操作数
In "a + b", a and b are operands.在 "a + b" 中，a 和 b 是操作数。
precedencen.优先级
Operator precedence determines the order of evaluation.运算符优先级决定了求值顺序。
associativityn.结合性
Left associativity is common for most operators.大多数运算符采用左结合性。
delimitern.分隔符
A comma is a common delimiter in lists.逗号是列表中常见的分隔符。
bracketn.括号
Place the expression inside square brackets.将表达式放在方括号内。
semicolonn.分号
Don't forget the semicolon at the end.别忘了在结尾加一个分号。
assignmentn.赋值
The assignment operator is "=" in most languages.在大多数语言中，赋值运算符是 "="。
initializationn.初始化
Initialize variables before using them.使用变量前先初始化它们。
declarationn.声明
You must declare variables before using them in C.在 C 语言中使用变量前必须先声明。
definitionn.定义
A function definition includes its body.函数定义包含函数体。
blockn.代码块
A code block groups multiple statements.代码块将多个语句组合在一起。
scopen.作用域
Variables have a limited scope inside a function.变量在函数内部有有限的作用域。
namespacen.命名空间
Namespaces help organize code in large projects.命名空间有助于在大型项目中组织代码。
packagen.包
A package groups related classes together.包将相关的类组织在一起。
modulen.模块
A module is a file containing related code.模块是包含相关代码的文件。
libraryn.库
A library provides reusable code.库提供可重用的代码。
header filen.头文件
Include the header file at the top of your source.在源文件顶部包含头文件。
macron.宏
A macro can replace repeated code patterns.宏可以替换重复的代码模式。
directiven.指令
The #include directive imports header files.#include 指令用于导入头文件。
compilern.编译器
The compiler converts source code into machine code.编译器将源代码转换为机器码。
interpretern.解释器
Python uses an interpreter to execute code line by line.Python 使用解释器逐行执行代码。
linkern.链接器
The linker combines object files into an executable.链接器将目标文件合并为可执行文件。
runtimen.运行时
The program runs faster after optimization at runtime.在运行时优化后，程序运行得更快。

2️⃣ 数据类型与变量（45）

variablen.变量
Declare a variable before using it.在使用变量前要先声明它。
constantn.常量
A constant value cannot be changed after declaration.常量在声明后不能修改。
data typen.数据类型
Java is a strongly typed language, so each variable must have a data type.Java 是强类型语言，所以每个变量必须有数据类型。
integern.整型
An integer cannot have a decimal point.整数不能有小数点。
floatn.浮点型
A float represents a decimal number.浮点数表示一个小数。
doublen.双精度型
A double has more precision than a float.双精度浮点数的精度高于单精度。
charn.字符型
Use a char to store a single character.用 char 存储单个字符。
stringn.字符串
A string is a sequence of characters.字符串是一串字符序列。
booleann./adj.布尔（的）
A boolean variable is either true or false.布尔变量只能是真或假。
longn.长整型
A long integer holds larger values than int.long 整型比 int 整型存储更大的值。
shortn.短整型
A short integer uses less memory.short 整型使用较少的内存。
unsignedadj.无符号的
An unsigned integer cannot hold negative values.无符号整型不能存储负值。
signedadj.有符号的
A signed integer can store negative values.有符号整型可以存储负值。
voidn./adj.空（的）
A void function returns nothing.void 函数不返回任何东西。
nulln./adj.空值（的）
A null pointer points to no valid memory.空指针不指向任何有效内存。
undefinedadj.未定义的
An undefined variable has no value.未定义的变量没有值。
arrayn.数组
An array stores multiple values of the same type.数组存储多个相同类型的值。
listn.列表
A list can grow or shrink dynamically.列表可以动态地增减。
tuplen.元组
A tuple is an immutable sequence of items.元组是不可变的项目序列。
dictionaryn.字典
A dictionary stores key-value pairs.字典存储键值对。
mapn.映射
A map stores key-value pairs.map 存储键值对。
setn.集合
A set contains unique elements without order.集合包含无序的唯一元素。
queuen.队列
A queue follows the First-In-First-Out principle.队列遵循先进先出原则。
stackn.栈
A stack follows the Last-In-First-Out principle.栈遵循后进先出原则。
structn.结构体
A struct groups related variables.结构体将相关的变量组合在一起。
unionn.共用体
A union stores different types in the same memory.联合体在同一块内存中存储不同类型。
enumn.枚举
Use an enum for a fixed set of constants.用 enum 表示固定的常量集合。
classn.类
A class defines the structure of an object.类定义了对象的结构。
objectn.对象
An object is created from a class.对象由类创建。
instancen.实例
Each instance has its own state.每个实例都有自己的状态。
pointern.指针
A pointer stores the memory address of a variable.指针存储变量的内存地址。
referencen.引用
A reference is an alias for an existing variable.引用是现有变量的别名。
addressn.地址
Each variable has a unique memory address.每个变量都有唯一的内存地址。
valuen.值
The variable holds a numeric value.该变量保存一个数值。
type conversionn.类型转换
Type conversion can be implicit or explicit.类型转换可以是隐式的或显式的。
type castingn.强制类型转换
Use type casting to convert between types.使用类型转换在不同类型间转换。
implicitadj.隐式的
Java performs implicit type conversion in some cases.Java 在某些情况下执行隐式类型转换。
explicitadj.显式的
Use explicit casting when conversion might lose data.在转换可能丢失数据时使用显式转换。
dynamic typingn.动态类型
Python uses dynamic typing.Python 使用动态类型。
static typingn.静态类型
Java uses static typing.Java 使用静态类型。
primitive typen.原始类型
int and float are primitive types in Java.int 和 float 是 Java 中的基本类型。
composite typen.复合类型
A class is a composite type.类是一种复合类型。
indexn.索引；下标
Use the index to access each element.用索引访问每个元素。
lengthn.长度
The array's length is ten.这个数组的长度是 10。
elementn.元素
Each element in the list is a string.列表中的每个元素都是一个字符串。

3️⃣ 流程控制（45）

control flown.控制流
The control flow follows the if-else chain.控制流遵循 if-else 链。
sequencen.顺序结构
Code executes in sequence by default.默认情况下代码按顺序执行。
selectionn.选择结构
A selection statement chooses between alternatives.选择语句在多个分支中进行选择。
loopn./v.循环
Use a loop to repeat code.用循环来重复执行代码。
iterationn.迭代
Iteration repeats a process for each element.迭代为每个元素重复一个过程。
ifconj.如果
Use "if" to run code conditionally.用 "if" 在满足条件时执行代码。
elseadv.否则
The "else" branch runs when the "if" is false."else" 分支在 "if" 为假时执行。
switchn./v.多分支；切换
A switch statement handles multiple cases.switch 语句处理多个分支。
casen.分支
Each case in a switch handles a specific value.switch 中的每个 case 处理一个特定值。
defaultn./adj.默认（的）
The default case runs when no other matches.没有其他匹配时执行默认分支。
forprep.（for 循环）
A for loop iterates a fixed number of times.for 循环迭代固定次数。
whileconj.当……时
A while loop runs while a condition is true.while 循环在条件为真时反复执行。
do-whilephr.先执行后判断循环
A do-while loop runs at least once.do-while 循环至少执行一次。
foreachphr.遍历循环
Use foreach to iterate over a collection.用 foreach 遍历集合中的每个元素。
breakv.跳出循环
Use break to exit a loop early.用 break 提前退出循环。
continuev.继续下一轮
continue skips the current iteration.continue 跳过当前这一轮迭代。
returnv./n.返回
A function can return a value.函数可以返回一个值。
gotophr.跳转
Goto jumps to a labeled statement.goto 跳转到带标签的语句。
labeln.标签
A label marks a target for goto.标签标记了 goto 的跳转目标。
nested loopn.嵌套循环
A nested loop places one loop inside another.嵌套循环是一个循环内嵌另一个循环。
infinite loopn.死循环
An infinite loop runs forever unless broken.死循环会一直运行，除非被中断。
conditionn.条件
The condition is checked each iteration.每次循环都会检查条件。
conditionaladj.条件的
A conditional statement runs code based on a test.条件语句根据测试结果执行代码。
logical operatorn.逻辑运算符
Logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT.逻辑运算符包括与、或、非。
comparisonn.比较
Comparison operators return true or false.比较运算符返回真或假。
equalityn.相等
Use == to test equality in most languages.在大多数语言中用 == 测试相等。
inequalityn.不等
Use != to test inequality.用 != 测试不等。
trueadj.真
A boolean true represents a positive condition.布尔真表示正向条件。
falseadj.假
A boolean false represents a negative condition.布尔假表示反向条件。
ternaryadj.三元的
A ternary operator is a compact if-else.三元运算符是一种简洁的 if-else。
branchn./v.分支
The program took a different branch in the code.程序在代码中走了不同的分支。
jumpv./n.跳转
A jump statement transfers control to another line.跳转语句将控制转移到另一行。
exitv./n.退出
The exit code indicates success or failure.退出码指示成功或失败。
terminatev.终止
The program terminates when finished.程序在结束时终止。
haltv./n.停止
The debugger can halt program execution.调试器可以暂停程序执行。
pausev./n.暂停
The thread will pause for a moment.线程将暂停片刻。
resumev.恢复
The program will resume where it left off.程序将从上次中断处继续执行。
yieldv.让出（执行权）
The generator yields the next value on demand.生成器按需产出下一个值。
awaitv.等待（异步）
The function awaits the result of the network call.函数等待网络调用的结果。
asyncadj.异步的
Async functions allow non-blocking operations.异步函数允许非阻塞操作。
coroutinen.协程
Coroutines can pause and resume execution.协程可以暂停和恢复执行。
triggerv./n.触发
A button click triggers the event handler.点击按钮会触发事件处理器。
eventn.事件
An event signals that something has happened.事件表示某事已经发生。
handlern.处理器
The event handler responds to user input.事件处理器响应用户输入。
listenern.监听器
The listener is notified when the event occurs.事件发生时监听器会收到通知。

4️⃣ 函数与面向对象（45）

functionn.函数
A function groups reusable code that performs a single task.函数把执行单一任务的可复用代码组织在一起。
methodn.方法
A method performs an action on an object.方法在对象上执行某个动作。
proceduren.过程
A procedure performs an action without returning a value to the caller.过程执行某个动作，但不会向调用者返回任何值。
subroutinen.子程序
The subroutine is invoked whenever the main routine reaches its call site.每当主程序执行到调用点时，就会调用该子程序。
parametern.形参
A parameter is a variable learned during training.参数是训练期间学习的变量。
argumentn.实参
They had a heated argument about money.他们就钱的问题激烈争吵了一番。
return valuen.返回值
The return value of parseInt is an integer parsed from the input string.parseInt 的返回值是从输入字符串中解析出的整数。
callv./n.调用
We call the helper function to keep the main routine readable.我们调用辅助函数以保持主程序的可读性。
invokev.调用
Use reflection to invoke the method dynamically at runtime.通过反射可以在运行时动态地调用该方法。
callern.调用者
The caller must handle any exceptions thrown by the callee.调用方必须处理被调函数抛出的任何异常。
callbackn.回调
Pass a callback so the API can notify your code when the task completes.传入一个回调函数，让 API 在任务完成时通知你的代码。
recursionn.递归
Recursion is when a function calls itself.递归是指函数调用自身。
anonymous functionn.匿名函数
Use an anonymous function when the logic is needed only once at the call site.当某段逻辑只在调用点使用一次时，可以采用匿名函数。
lambdan.Lambda 表达式
A lambda is an anonymous function.Lambda 是匿名函数。
closuren.闭包
A closure captures variables from its enclosing scope.闭包捕获其外围作用域的变量。
higher-order functionn.高阶函数
map and reduce are classic higher-order functions in functional programming.map 和 reduce 是函数式编程中经典的高阶函数。
pure functionn.纯函数
A pure function always returns the same output for the same input and has no side effects.纯函数对相同输入始终返回相同结果，并且没有任何副作用。
side effectn.副作用
Modifying a global variable inside a function counts as a side effect.在函数内部修改全局变量属于副作用。
encapsulationn.封装
Encapsulation hides internal implementation details.封装隐藏内部实现细节。
inheritancen.继承
Inheritance allows subclasses to extend parent classes.继承允许子类扩展父类。
polymorphismn.多态
Polymorphism lets the same interface handle different types.多态允许同一接口处理不同类型。
abstractionn.抽象
Abstraction focuses on what an object does, not how.抽象关注对象做什么，而不关注如何做。
interfacen.接口
An interface defines methods a class must implement.接口定义了类必须实现的方法。
abstract classn.抽象类
An abstract class cannot be instantiated directly; it must be extended by a subclass.抽象类不能直接实例化，必须由子类继承。
base classn.基类
A base class provides common functionality.基类提供通用功能。
derived classn.派生类
A derived class inherits from a base class.派生类从基类继承。
subclassn.子类
A subclass inherits from a parent class.子类从父类继承。
superclassn.父类
The superclass defines shared behavior.父类定义共享的行为。
constructorn.构造函数
A constructor initializes a new object.构造函数初始化一个新对象。
destructorn.析构函数
A destructor cleans up when an object is destroyed.析构函数在对象销毁时清理资源。
membern.成员
A class member can be a field, a method, or a property.类的成员可以是字段、方法或属性。
attributen.属性
An attribute stores data about an object.属性存储对象的数据。
fieldn.字段
A field is a variable inside a class.字段是类内部的变量。
propertyn.特性
A property is accessed via getters and setters.属性通过 getter 和 setter 访问。
staticadj.静态的
A static method belongs to the class, not instances.静态方法属于类，而不是实例。
publicadj.公有的
Public members are accessible from anywhere.公共成员可以在任何地方访问。
privateadj.私有的
Private members are only accessible inside the class.私有成员只能在类内部访问。
protectedadj.受保护的
Protected members are accessible to subclasses.受保护成员可以在子类中访问。
overridev.重写
Subclasses can override parent methods.子类可以重写父类的方法。
overloadv.重载
You can overload a method with different parameters.可以用不同的参数重载一个方法。
genericadj./n.泛型（的）
Generics allow type parameters in classes and methods.泛型允许在类和方法中使用类型参数。
templaten.模板
Templates enable generic programming in C++.模板使 C++ 可以进行泛型编程。
design patternn.设计模式
The Factory design pattern decouples object creation from the code that uses it.工厂设计模式把对象的创建与使用它的代码解耦。
singletonn.单例
A singleton ensures a class has only one instance throughout the application lifecycle.单例模式确保一个类在整个应用生命周期内只有一个实例。
factoryn.工厂（模式）
Use a factory method when the exact type of object is decided at runtime.当对象的实际类型在运行时才确定时，可以使用工厂方法。

5️⃣ 数据结构与算法（45）

data structuren.数据结构
Choose the right data structure for the problem.为问题选择合适的数据结构。
algorithmn.算法
A good algorithm solves a problem efficiently.好算法能高效地解决问题。
linked listn.链表
A linked list stores elements in nodes with pointers.链表把元素存在用指针连接的节点中。
doubly linked listn.双向链表
A doubly linked list allows traversal in both directions.双向链表允许双向遍历。
treen.树
A tree is a hierarchical data structure.树是一种层次结构的数据结构。
binary treen.二叉树
Each node in a binary tree has at most two children.二叉树的每个节点最多有两个子节点。
binary search treen.二叉搜索树
A binary search tree keeps elements sorted.二叉搜索树使元素保持有序。
heapn.堆
A heap is a complete binary tree with heap-order property.堆是一棵满足堆序的完全二叉树。
graphn.图
A graph represents relationships between nodes.图表示节点之间的关系。
vertexn.顶点
Each vertex in the graph represents an entity.图中的每个顶点代表一个实体。
edgen.边
An edge connects two vertices.边连接两个顶点。
noden.节点
Each node on the network has a unique address.网络上的每个节点都有唯一地址。
rootn.根
The root is the topmost node in a tree.根是树中最高的节点。
leafn.叶子
A leaf has no children.叶子节点没有子节点。
subtreen.子树
A subtree is a portion of a tree.子树是树的一部分。
depthn.深度
The depth of a node is its distance from the root.节点的深度是它到根的距离。
heightn.高度
The height of the tree is the longest path from the root.树的高度是从根出发的最长路径。
traversaln.遍历
Traversal visits each node in a tree.遍历按某种顺序访问树中的每个节点。
preordern.前序遍历
Preorder traversal visits the root first.前序遍历先访问根节点。
inordern.中序遍历
Inorder traversal visits the left, root, then right.中序遍历按左、根、右顺序访问。
postordern.后序遍历
Postorder traversal visits children before the root.后序遍历先访问子节点，再访问根。
hash tablen.哈希表
A hash table maps keys to values using a hash function.哈希表使用哈希函数把键映射到值。
hash functionn.哈希函数
A good hash function distributes keys evenly.好的哈希函数均匀地分布键。
collisionn.冲突
Hash collisions are resolved by chaining.哈希冲突通过链地址法解决。
sortv./n.排序
Use sort to arrange items in order.用 sort 对项目进行排序。
bubble sortn.冒泡排序
Bubble sort repeatedly swaps adjacent elements.冒泡排序反复交换相邻元素。
insertion sortn.插入排序
Insertion sort builds the sorted array one element at a time.插入排序逐个构建有序数组。
selection sortn.选择排序
Selection sort finds the minimum and swaps it into place.选择排序每次找到最小值并放到正确位置。
quicksortn.快速排序
Quicksort is widely used for its speed.快速排序因其速度而被广泛使用。
merge sortn.归并排序
Merge sort divides and recombines sorted halves.归并排序将数组分成两半排序后合并。
heap sortn.堆排序
Heap sort uses a binary heap for in-place sorting.堆排序使用二叉堆进行原地排序。
searchv./n.查找
You can search the list for the item.你可以在列表中搜索该项。
linear searchn.线性查找
Linear search checks each element one by one.线性搜索逐个检查元素。
binary searchn.二分查找
Binary search needs a sorted array to work efficiently.二分查找需要有序数组才能高效工作。
greedyadj.贪心（算法）
A greedy algorithm picks the best immediate choice.贪心算法选择当前最佳选项。
dynamic programmingn.动态规划
Dynamic programming stores results of subproblems.动态规划存储子问题的结果。
divide and conquerphr.分治
Divide and conquer breaks a problem into smaller parts.分治法将问题分解为更小的部分。
backtrackingn.回溯
Backtracking tries all possibilities until one works.回溯会尝试所有可能，直到找到一种可行的方案。
complexityn.复杂度
Time complexity measures how fast an algorithm runs.时间复杂度衡量算法运行的速度。
time complexityn.时间复杂度
Time complexity is often expressed as O(n log n).时间复杂度通常表示为 O(n log n)。
space complexityn.空间复杂度
Space complexity measures memory usage.空间复杂度衡量内存使用。
big On.大 O 记法
Big O notation describes algorithm performance.大 O 符号描述算法的性能。
optimizationn.优化
Performance optimization improves speed.性能优化提高速度。
recursion depthn.递归深度
Limit the recursion depth to avoid stack overflow.限制递归深度以避免栈溢出。
pointern.指针
A pointer stores the memory address of a variable.指针存储变量的内存地址。

6️⃣ 操作系统（45）

operating systemn.操作系统
Linux is a popular operating system.Linux 是流行的操作系统。
kerneln.内核
The kernel is the core of the operating system.内核是操作系统的核心。
shelln.命令行外壳
Use a shell to interact with the system.用 shell 与系统交互。
command linen.命令行
You can run scripts from the command line.你可以从命令行运行脚本。
terminaln.终端
Please arrive at the terminal an hour early.请提前一小时到达航站楼。
consolen.控制台
Output is printed to the console.输出会打印到控制台。
processn.进程
Each process has its own memory space.每个进程都有自己的内存空间。
schedulern.调度器
The scheduler decides which process runs next.调度器决定下一个运行的进程。
schedulingn.调度
CPU scheduling affects performance.CPU 调度影响性能。
context switchn.上下文切换
A context switch saves and restores process state.上下文切换保存和恢复进程状态。
deadlockn.死锁
Two threads waiting on each other cause a deadlock.两个线程相互等待会导致死锁。
semaphoren.信号量
A semaphore controls access to shared resources.信号量控制对共享资源的访问。
mutexn.互斥锁
A mutex provides exclusive access.互斥锁提供独占访问。
lockn./v.锁
Acquire a lock before modifying shared data.在修改共享数据前获取锁。
synchronizationn.同步
Synchronization keeps replicas in step.同步使副本保持一致。
interruptn./v.中断
Please don't interrupt me.请不要打断我。
system calln.系统调用
A system call requests a service from the kernel.系统调用向内核请求服务。
file systemn.文件系统
The file system organizes files on disk.文件系统在磁盘上组织文件。
filen.文件
Each file has a name and content.每个文件都有名字和内容。
directoryn.目录
A directory contains files and subdirectories.目录包含文件和子目录。
foldern.文件夹
A folder is another name for a directory.folder 是目录的另一种说法。
pathn.路径
Specify the full path to the file.指定文件的完整路径。
permissionn.权限
Grant the app the necessary permissions.授予应用必要的权限。
rootn.超级用户
The root is the topmost node in a tree.根是树中最高的节点。
usern.用户
Each user has their own home directory.每个用户都有自己的主目录。
daemonn.守护进程
A daemon runs in the background.守护进程在后台运行。
servicen.服务
A service provides functionality to other programs.服务为其他程序提供功能。
pagingn.分页
Paging moves data between memory and disk.分页在内存和磁盘之间移动数据。
page faultn.缺页
A page fault occurs when a page is not in memory.缺页错误在页面不在内存中时发生。
swappingn.交换
Swapping frees memory by moving processes out.交换通过移出进程来释放内存。
physical memoryn.物理内存
Physical memory is the actual RAM.物理内存是实际的 RAM。
address spacen.地址空间
Each process has its own address space.每个进程都有自己的地址空间。
multitaskingn.多任务
Multitasking allows multiple tasks to run.多任务处理允许同时运行多个任务。
multiprocessingn.多进程
Multiprocessing uses multiple CPUs.多处理使用多个 CPU。
bootloadern.引导程序
The bootloader starts the kernel.引导加载程序启动内核。
registryn.注册表
The Windows registry stores system settings.Windows 注册表存储系统设置。
clipboardn.剪贴板
The clipboard holds copied text temporarily.剪贴板临时保存复制的文本。
desktopn.桌面
The desktop displays icons for applications.桌面显示应用程序的图标。
iconn.图标
Click the icon to launch the app.点击图标启动应用。
taskbarn.任务栏
The taskbar shows open applications.任务栏显示打开的应用程序。
dialog boxn.对话框
A dialog box appears for user input.对话框出现以接受用户输入。
scroll barn.滚动条
Use the scroll bar to navigate long content.用滚动条浏览长内容。
log offphr.注销
Remember to log off when you finish.用完后记得注销。
hibernatev.休眠
The computer can hibernate to save power.电脑可以休眠以节省电力。
sleep moden.睡眠模式
Sleep mode reduces power consumption.睡眠模式降低能耗。

7️⃣ 数据库（45）

databasen.数据库
A database stores structured data.数据库存储结构化数据。
DBMSn.数据库管理系统
A DBMS manages databases.数据库管理系统管理数据库。
relationaladj.关系（型）的
A relational database uses tables.关系数据库使用表。
tablen.表
Each table has rows and columns.每个表都有行和列。
recordn.记录
Each record represents one entity.每条记录代表一个实体。
rown.行
A row is a single record in a table.行是表中的一条记录。
columnn.列
He writes a weekly column for the newspaper.他为这家报纸每周写一篇专栏。
scheman.模式
The schema defines the table structure.模式定义表的结构。
primary keyn.主键
Each table has a primary key.每个表都有一个主键。
foreign keyn.外键
A foreign key links two tables.外键连接两个表。
uniqueadj.唯一的
A unique constraint prevents duplicates.唯一约束防止重复。
constraintn.约束
Constraints enforce data integrity.约束保证数据完整性。
queryn./v.查询
A query retrieves data from the database.查询从数据库中检索数据。
SQLn.结构化查询语言
SQL is the standard language for relational databases.SQL 是关系数据库的标准语言。
selectv.查询
Use SELECT to retrieve data.用 SELECT 检索数据。
insertv.插入
Insert the memory card until it clicks into place.把存储卡插入到位，听到咔哒声响即可。
updatev.更新
Use UPDATE to modify records.用 UPDATE 修改记录。
deletev.删除
Right-click the file and choose Delete to move it to the recycle bin.右键单击文件并选择删除，即可把它移到回收站。
joinv./n.连接
Would you like to join us for dinner?你愿意和我们一起吃晚饭吗？
inner joinn.内连接
An inner join returns matching rows from both tables.内连接返回两个表中匹配的行。
left joinn.左连接
A left join returns all rows from the left table.左连接返回左表的所有行。
viewn.视图
A view is a virtual table based on a query.视图是基于查询的虚拟表。
stored proceduren.存储过程
A stored procedure groups SQL statements.存储过程将 SQL 语句分组。
transactionn.事务
A transaction ensures data consistency.事务保证数据一致性。
commitv./n.提交
Use commit to save changes permanently.用 commit 永久保存更改。
rollbackn./v.回滚
Use rollback to undo changes.用 rollback 撤销更改。
ACIDn.事务四特性
ACID guarantees reliable transactions.ACID 保证可靠的事务。
normalizationn.规范化
Normalization reduces data redundancy.规范化减少数据冗余。
redundancyn.冗余
Redundancy improves network reliability.冗余提高网络可靠性。
NoSQLn.非关系型数据库
NoSQL databases are flexible and scalable.NoSQL 数据库灵活且可扩展。
documentn.文档
MongoDB stores data as documents.MongoDB 把数据存为文档。
key-valuen.键值
Redis is a key-value store.Redis 是键值存储。
cachen./v.缓存
A web cache stores frequently accessed pages.网络缓存存储经常访问的页面。
restorev.恢复
Restore the system from backup.从备份还原系统。
replicationn.复制
Replication copies data to multiple servers.复制将数据拷贝到多个服务器。
shardingn.分片
Sharding splits data across servers.分片将数据拆分到多个服务器。
clustern.集群
A cluster provides high availability.集群提供高可用性。
data warehousen.数据仓库
A data warehouse stores historical data.数据仓库存储历史数据。
data miningn.数据挖掘
Data mining finds patterns in large datasets.数据挖掘在大型数据集中寻找模式。
datasetn.数据集
A large dataset is needed for deep learning.深度学习需要大型数据集。
batchn.批处理
A batch is a subset of training data.批次是训练数据的一个子集。
migrationn.迁移
Cloud migration moves workloads to the cloud.云迁移将工作负载迁移到云。
cursorn.游标
A cursor points to the current row.游标指向当前行。
statementn.语句
Each statement in C ends with a semicolon.C 语言中的每条语句都以分号结尾。
aggregatev./n.聚合
Use aggregate functions like SUM and COUNT.使用 SUM、COUNT 等聚合函数。

8️⃣ Web 与移动开发（45）

websiten.网站
A website is a collection of web pages hosted on a server.网站是托管在服务器上的一组网页。
webpagen.网页
Each webpage on the site is built with HTML and CSS.网站上的每个网页都由 HTML 和 CSS 构建。
browsern.浏览器
The browser sends HTTP requests to fetch a webpage.浏览器通过发送 HTTP 请求来获取网页。
servern.服务器
The server returns a response with the requested data.服务器返回带有请求数据的响应。
clientn.客户端
The client renders the page after receiving the response.客户端在收到响应后渲染页面。
frontendn.前端
The frontend sends requests to the backend via HTTP.前端通过 HTTP 向后端发送请求。
backendn.后端
The backend processes requests and returns data to the frontend.后端处理请求并将数据返回给前端。
full stackn.全栈
A full stack developer works on both frontend and backend.全栈开发工程师同时负责前端和后端。
HTMLn.超文本标记语言
HTML defines the structure of a web page.HTML 定义了网页的结构。
CSSn.层叠样式表
CSS controls the layout, fonts, and colors of a page.CSS 控制页面的布局、字体和颜色。
JavaScriptn.JS 脚本语言
JavaScript runs in the browser and makes pages interactive.JavaScript 运行在浏览器中，让页面具有交互性。
DOMn.文档对象模型
JavaScript uses the DOM to read and update page content.JavaScript 通过 DOM 读取和更新页面内容。
elementn.元素
Each element in the list is a string.列表中的每个元素都是一个字符串。
tagn.标签
Tags like <div> and <span> define different element types.<div>、<span> 等标签用于定义不同类型的元素。
stylesheetn.样式表
An external stylesheet keeps styling separate from HTML.外部样式表让样式代码与 HTML 分离。
responsiveadj.响应式的
A responsive design adapts to different screen sizes.响应式设计能自适应不同的屏幕尺寸。
frameworkn.框架
A framework provides a foundation for building apps.框架为构建应用提供基础。
requestn./v.请求
The browser sends a GET request to load a page.浏览器发送 GET 请求来加载页面。
responsen.响应
The server sends back a 200 response when the page is found.页面找到时，服务器返回 200 响应。
HTTPn.超文本传输协议
HTTP is the foundation of the World Wide Web.HTTP 是万维网的基础。
HTTPSn.安全超文本传输协议
HTTPS encrypts web traffic for security.HTTPS 加密网络流量以保证安全。
URLn.统一资源定位符
A URL specifies a web resource.URL 指定一个网络资源。
cookien.Cookie
A cookie stores small pieces of user data.cookie 存储少量用户数据。
sessionn.会话
A session is an ongoing connection.会话是持续的连接。
JSONn.JSON 数据格式
JSON is a lightweight data format widely used in web APIs.JSON 是一种在 Web API 中广泛使用的轻量级数据格式。
XMLn.可扩展标记语言
XML used to be a common format for data exchange between systems.XML 曾是系统之间数据交换的常用格式。
AJAXn.异步请求技术
AJAX lets a page update data without reloading the whole page.AJAX 让页面无需整体刷新即可更新数据。
RESTn.REST 架构风格
REST APIs use standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.REST API 使用标准的 HTTP 方法，如 GET、POST、PUT 和 DELETE。
APIn.应用程序接口
An API defines how software components interact.API 定义了软件组件之间的交互方式。
endpointn.端点
Each API endpoint corresponds to a specific URL and method.每个 API 端点对应一个特定的 URL 和请求方法。
routingn.路由
Routing determines the path for packets.路由决定数据包的路径。
middlewaren.中间件
Middleware connects client and server.中间件连接客户端和服务器。
renderingn.渲染
Rendering converts data into display.渲染将数据转换为显示。
deploymentn.部署
Automated deployment reduces errors.自动化部署减少错误。
hostingn.托管
Cloud hosting provides scalable resources.云托管提供可扩展的资源。
mobile appn.移动应用
A mobile app runs on smartphones.移动应用运行在智能手机上。
nativeadj.原生的
A native app is built for a specific platform.原生应用是为特定平台构建的。
hybridadj.混合的
A hybrid app combines web and native features.混合应用结合了 Web 和原生特性。
emulatorn.模拟器
An emulator runs mobile apps on a PC.模拟器在 PC 上运行移动应用。
simulatorn.仿真器
A simulator tests software behavior.仿真器测试软件行为。
push notificationn.推送通知
Push notifications alert users in real time.推送通知实时提醒用户。
loginn./v.登录
Please enter your login credentials.请输入您的登录凭证。
authenticationn.身份认证
Authentication verifies the user's identity.身份认证验证用户的身份。
authorizationn.授权
Authorization determines what a user can do.授权决定用户可以做什么。
pluginn.插件
A plugin extends the functionality of an app.插件扩展应用的功能。

9️⃣ 软件工程与工具（45）

software engineeringn.软件工程
Software engineering focuses on building reliable systems.软件工程专注于构建可靠的系统。
requirementn.需求
Gather requirements before coding.编码前先收集需求。
specificationn.规格说明
The specification defines the system behavior.规格说明书定义系统行为。
designv./n.设计
Good design simplifies the user experience.好的设计简化用户体验。
documentationn.文档
Good documentation helps future developers.好的文档帮助未来的开发者。
version controln.版本控制
Use version control to track changes.使用版本控制跟踪更改。
repositoryn.仓库
Push your code to the remote repository.将代码推送到远程仓库。
branchn./v.分支
The program took a different branch in the code.程序在代码中走了不同的分支。
mergev./n.合并
The two companies merged last year.两家公司去年合并了。
conflictn.冲突
The conflict between the two sides lasted for years.双方之间的冲突持续了多年。
pull requestn.拉取请求
Submit a pull request for code review.提交拉取请求进行代码审查。
code reviewn.代码评审
Code review improves code quality.代码审查提高代码质量。
refactoringn.重构
Refactoring improves code without changing behavior.重构在不改变行为的前提下改进代码。
debuggingn.调试
Debugging takes patience and logic.调试需要耐心和逻辑。
bugn.缺陷
A bug is a defect in the software.bug 是软件中的缺陷。
fixv./n.修复
Fix the bug before deploying.在部署前修复 bug。
patchn./v.补丁
A security patch fixes known issues.安全补丁修复已知问题。
testingn.测试
Testing verifies that the code works correctly.测试验证代码是否正确工作。
unit testn.单元测试
A unit test checks a single function.单元测试检查单个函数。
integration testn.集成测试
An integration test checks multiple modules.集成测试检查多个模块。
regression testn.回归测试
A regression test ensures existing features still work.回归测试确保现有功能仍可用。
test casen.测试用例
Each test case covers a specific scenario.每个测试用例覆盖一个具体场景。
coveragen.覆盖率
The event received extensive media coverage.该事件得到了广泛的媒体报道。
agileadj./n.敏捷（开发）
Agile development emphasizes short iterations.敏捷开发强调短周期迭代。
scrumn.Scrum 敏捷框架
Scrum is a popular agile framework.Scrum 是一种流行的敏捷框架。
sprintn.冲刺迭代
A sprint typically lasts two weeks.一个 sprint 通常持续两周。
backlogn.待办列表
The product backlog lists all desired features.产品待办列表列出所有想要的功能。
milestonen.里程碑
A milestone marks an important project achievement.里程碑标志项目的重要成就。
deadlinen.截止日期
Meet the deadline for the project.按时完成项目的截止日期。
releasev./n.发布
The release will go out next week.发布将在下周进行。
maintenancen.维护
Schedule regular maintenance to clean the fans and replace the paste.定期维护时要清理风扇、更换导热硅脂。
IDEn.集成开发环境
An IDE combines editor, debugger, and tools.IDE 把编辑器、调试器和工具集成在一起。
editorn.编辑器
A good editor boosts productivity.好的编辑器能提高生产力。
debuggern.调试器
Use the debugger to step through code.使用调试器逐步执行代码。
buildv./n.构建
Run the build to compile the project.运行构建以编译项目。
CI/CDn.持续集成与部署
CI/CD automates testing and deployment.CI/CD 自动化测试和部署。
containern.容器
A container packages an application with dependencies.容器把应用程序和依赖打包在一起。
virtual machinen.虚拟机
A virtual machine emulates a computer.虚拟机模拟一台计算机。
waterfalln.瀑布模型
Niagara Falls is one of the most famous waterfalls.尼亚加拉瀑布是最著名的瀑布之一。
prototypen.原型
Build a prototype before mass production.在大规模生产前先做一个原型。
iterationn.迭代
Iteration repeats a process for each element.迭代为每个元素重复一个过程。
reviewv./n.评审
The book received excellent reviews.这本书获得了极好的评价。
estimatev./n.估算
Please estimate the total cost of the project.请估算项目的总成本。
deliverv.交付
The mail is delivered every morning.邮件每天早上送达。
open sourceadj./n.开源（的）
Open-source projects welcome contributions.开源项目欢迎贡献。

🔟 开发常用动词与形容词（45）

developv.开发
Develop a plan before writing code.在写代码前先制定计划。
implementv.实现
Implement the algorithm in Python.用 Python 实现这个算法。
modifyv.修改
Modify the function to handle edge cases.修改函数以处理边界情况。
createv.创建
Create a new database for the project.为项目创建一个新数据库。
deployv.部署
Deploy the app to the cloud.将应用部署到云端。
publishv.发布
Publish the package to npm.将该包发布到 npm。
debugv.调试
Use logging to debug the issue.使用日志来调试这个问题。
optimizev.优化
Optimize the algorithm for speed.对算法进行速度优化。
refactorv.重构
Refactor the code for clarity.重构代码以提高清晰度。
testv./n.测试
Test each function before deployment.在部署前测试每个功能。
verifyv.验证
Verify your email address.验证你的电子邮件地址。
validatev.校验
Validate user input on the server.在服务器端验证用户输入。
interpretv.解释执行
Interpret the error message carefully.仔细解读错误信息。
runv.运行
Run the script to see the result.运行脚本查看结果。
launchv./n.启动
The company will launch a new product next month.公司将于下月推出新产品。
crashv./n.崩溃
The program crashed due to a segmentation fault.程序因段错误崩溃了。
freezev.卡死
The application froze and had to be restarted.应用卡死了，不得不重启。
hangv.挂起
The system hangs when memory is exhausted.系统会在内存耗尽时挂起。
throwv.抛出（异常）
Throw an exception when an error occurs.出错时抛出异常。
catchv.捕获（异常）
Catch the exception and handle it gracefully.捕获异常并优雅地处理它。
handlev.处理
Handle errors with try-catch blocks.用 try-catch 块处理错误。
importv./n.导入
Import the module before using it.在使用模块前先导入它。
exportv./n.导出
Export the data as CSV.将数据导出为 CSV。
extendv.扩展；继承
Subclasses extend the parent class.子类扩展父类。
inheritv.继承
The class inherits from its parent.该类从其父类继承。
instantiatev.实例化
Use "new" to instantiate a class.用 "new" 关键字实例化一个类。
declarev.声明
Declare a constant with const.用 const 声明一个常量。
definev.定义
Define a function before calling it.在调用函数之前先定义它。
assignv.赋值
The teacher assigned homework to the students.老师给学生布置了作业。
comparev.比较
Don't compare yourself to others.不要把自己和别人比较。
concatenatev.拼接
Use + to concatenate strings.用 + 拼接字符串。
parsev.解析
Parse the JSON into an object.将 JSON 解析为对象。
serializev.序列化
Serialize the object before sending.在发送前将对象序列化。
efficientadj.高效的
A more efficient algorithm saves time.更高效的算法节省时间。
robustadj.健壮的
The system is robust to failures.系统对故障具有鲁棒性。
maintainableadj.可维护的
Clean code is maintainable.干净的代码易于维护。
reusableadj.可复用的
Reusable components save development time.可重用的组件节省开发时间。
modularadj.模块化的
Modular design simplifies maintenance.模块化设计简化维护。
stableadj.稳定的
A stable connection improves user experience.稳定的连接改善用户体验。
deprecatedadj.已弃用的
The old method is deprecated.这个旧方法已被弃用。
asynchronousadj.异步的
Asynchronous replication has eventual consistency.异步复制最终一致。
synchronousadj.同步的
Synchronous calls run in sequence.同步调用按顺序执行。
concurrentadj.并发的
Concurrent processing improves throughput.并发处理提高了吞吐量。
paralleladj.并行的
Parallel execution uses multiple CPUs.并行执行使用多个 CPU。
portableadj.可移植的
Python code is highly portable.Python 代码具有高度可移植性。

🔗 Part 2 核心短语（18 个）

source code源代码
object-oriented programming (OOP)面向对象编程
programming language编程语言
integrated development environment (IDE)集成开发环境
user interface (UI)用户界面
user experience (UX)用户体验
command line命令行
version control版本控制
open source software开源软件
error message报错信息
run a program运行程序
be written in用（某种语言）编写
carry out testing进行测试
fix a bug修复程序错误
be responsible for maintaining负责维护
file management文件管理
drag and drop拖放
double-click双击

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（27 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（6 题）

  1. The programmer found an error in the source code.
  2. A loop allows the program to repeat the same instructions.
  3. The compiler translates source code into machine code.
  4. Java is a widely used object-oriented programming language.
  5. The new version fixes several bugs in the application.
  6. The function takes two parameters and returns a result.

二、汉译英（6 题）

  1. 这个应用程序可以免费下载。
  2. 学习编程需要理解语法。
  3. 请把应用程序部署到服务器上。
  4. 这个软件是用 Python 编写的。
  5. 数据库中存储着所有用户的信息。
  6. 程序员正在修复这个严重的程序错误。

三、选词填空（7 题）

词库：command · array · version · execute · module · maintain · algorithm
  1. Type the and press Enter to run the program.
  2. An can store a list of numbers.
  3. Please update to the latest of the app.
  4. The computer can millions of instructions per second.
  5. Each of the system has its own function.
  6. It is difficult and costly to old software.
  7. The search can find information quickly.

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 源代码 →
  2. 集成开发环境 →
  3. version control →
  4. error message →
  5. 修复程序错误 →
  6. user experience →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Why Should College Students Learn Programming? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 软件已经成为推动世界发展的重要力量。从手机应用到大型企业的管理系统，软件无处不在。编程语言是软件开发的基础，程序员通过编写代码来实现各种功能。一个优秀的软件不仅需要正确的算法，还需要良好的设计和严格的测试。随着人工智能和云计算的兴起，软件行业正面临前所未有的机遇和挑战。因此，掌握编程技能对当代大学生来说越来越重要。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 程序员在源代码中发现了一个错误。
  2. 循环可以让程序重复执行相同的指令。
  3. 编译器把源代码翻译成机器代码。
  4. Java 是一种广泛使用的面向对象编程语言。
  5. 新版本修复了这个应用程序中的几个程序错误。
  6. 这个函数接收两个参数并返回一个结果。

二、汉译英

  1. This application can be downloaded for free.
  2. Learning programming requires understanding syntax.
  3. Please deploy the application to the server.
  4. This software is written in Python.
  5. The database stores information about all users.
  6. The programmer is fixing this serious bug.

三、选词填空

  1. command
  2. array
  3. version
  4. execute
  5. module
  6. maintain
  7. algorithm

四、短语互译

  1. source code
  2. integrated development environment (IDE)
  3. 版本控制
  4. 报错信息
  5. fix a bug
  6. 用户体验

五、写作训练（参考范文）

Why Should College Students Learn Programming?

In the digital age, programming is no longer a skill reserved for computer majors. More and more college students are learning programming, and for good reasons.

Firstly, programming develops logical thinking. When we write code, we learn to break a complex problem into small, manageable steps. Secondly, programming improves employability. Many companies, even those outside the IT industry, prefer candidates who can process data and automate tasks with code. Thirdly, programming allows us to turn ideas into real products, such as a website or a mobile app.

In conclusion, programming is a valuable skill that benefits both our minds and our careers. Every college student should seize the opportunity to learn it.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

Software has become an important force driving the development of the world. From mobile apps to the management systems of large enterprises, software is everywhere. Programming languages are the foundation of software development, and programmers use code to implement various functions. An excellent piece of software requires not only correct algorithms, but also good design and rigorous testing. With the rise of artificial intelligence and cloud computing, the software industry is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Therefore, it is increasingly important for today's college students to master programming skills.

💪 Part 4 强化训练（13 题）新增 · 软件、编程与开发

一、英译汉（4 题）

  1. The programmer spent the whole night debugging the code.
  2. Regular updates keep the operating system secure.
  3. This app allows users to back up their data to the cloud.
  4. Learning a programming language requires patience and practice.

二、汉译英（4 题）

  1. 人工智能正在改变软件开发的方式。
  2. 在发布之前，我们必须对程序进行全面测试。
  3. 这个算法的效率比旧版本高得多。
  4. 数据库中存储着数百万条用户记录。

三、选词填空（4 题）

词库：compile · deploy · framework · open-source
  1. You need to the source code before running it.
  2. The team will the new version to the server tonight.
  3. This makes web development much easier.
  4. Linux is a famous operating system.

四、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 开源软件运动改变了整个软件行业。开发者们可以免费查看、修改和分发源代码，这促进了全球范围内的协作与创新。许多著名的软件，如Linux操作系统，都是开源项目的成果。开源模式不仅降低了开发成本，还提高了软件的透明度和安全性。如今，越来越多的企业开始拥抱开源，为社区贡献代码。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 程序员花了整整一夜调试代码。
  2. 定期更新能保证操作系统的安全。
  3. 这款应用允许用户把数据备份到云端。
  4. 学习一门编程语言需要耐心和练习。

二、汉译英

  1. Artificial intelligence is changing the way software is developed.
  2. Before the release, we must test the program thoroughly.
  3. This algorithm is much more efficient than the old version.
  4. Millions of user records are stored in the database.

三、选词填空

  1. compile
  2. deploy
  3. framework
  4. open-source

四、长文翻译（参考译文）

The open-source software movement has transformed the entire software industry. Developers can view, modify and distribute source code for free, which has promoted collaboration and innovation worldwide. Many famous programs, such as the Linux operating system, are the fruits of open-source projects. The open-source model not only reduces development costs but also improves the transparency and security of software. Today, more and more companies are embracing open source and contributing code to the community.

阶段三：网络、通信与安全 500 词 · 18 短语 · 40 题

🎯 学习目标：掌握计算机网络、互联网应用与信息安全的常用术语，能读懂英文网络安全提示和通信类科普文章（对应市面教材 Computer Networks / Network Security 等单元）。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1network
/ˈnetwɜːk/		n.网络The office network covers every room.办公室网络覆盖每个房间。
2server
/ˈsɜːvə(r)/		n.服务器The server handles thousands of requests per second.服务器每秒处理数千个请求。
3client
/ˈklaɪənt/		n.客户端；客户The client sends requests to the server.客户端向服务器发送请求。
4browser
/ˈbraʊzə(r)/		n.浏览器Open your browser and visit the website.打开浏览器访问这个网站。
5website
/ˈwebsaɪt/		n.网站Our school has an official website.我们学校有一个官方网站。
6webpage
/ˈwebpeɪdʒ/		n.网页The webpage loads very quickly.这个网页加载很快。
7link
/lɪŋk/		n.链接 v.连接Click the link to download the file.点击链接下载文件。
8domain
/dəˈmeɪn/		n.域名；领域The domain name of the site is easy to remember.这个网站的域名很好记。
9IP address
/ˌaɪ ˈpiː əˈdres/		n.IP 地址Every device on the Internet has an IP address.互联网上的每台设备都有一个IP地址。
10protocol
/ˈprəʊtəkɒl/		n.协议；规程HTTP is a common network protocol.HTTP是一种常见的网络协议。
11TCP/IP
/ˌtiː siː ˈpiː aɪ ˈpiː/		n.传输控制协议/网际协议TCP/IP is the foundation of the Internet.TCP/IP是互联网的基础。
12bandwidth
/ˈbændwɪdθ/		n.带宽Video streaming requires high bandwidth.视频流需要高带宽。
13broadband
/ˈbrɔːdbænd/		n.宽带Broadband provides fast Internet access.宽带提供快速的上网服务。
14wireless
/ˈwaɪələs/		adj.无线的Wireless networks are convenient.无线网络很方便。
15download
/ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/		v./n.下载You can download the app for free.你可以免费下载这个应用。
16upload
/ˌʌpˈləʊd/		v./n.上传Upload your photo to complete the registration.上传你的照片以完成注册。
17install
/ɪnˈstɔːl/		v.安装Install the software before using it.使用前先安装软件。
18uninstall
/ˌʌnɪnˈstɔːl/		v.卸载Uninstall the programs you no longer need.卸载你不再需要的程序。
19update
/ʌpˈdeɪt/		v./n.更新Update the app to get the new features.更新应用以获得新功能。
20upgrade
/ʌpˈɡreɪd/		v./n.升级We plan to upgrade the network system.我们计划升级网络系统。
21virus
/ˈvaɪrəs/		n.病毒A virus can damage your files.病毒会损坏你的文件。
22firewall
/ˈfaɪəwɔːl/		n.防火墙The firewall blocks dangerous connections.防火墙阻止危险连接。
23hacker
/ˈhækə(r)/		n.黑客The hacker tried to steal user data.黑客试图窃取用户数据。
24cybersecurity
/ˌsaɪbəsɪˈkjʊərəti/		n.网络安全Cybersecurity is important for online banking.网络安全对网上银行很重要。
25password
/ˈpɑːswɜːd/		n.密码；口令Never share your password with others.绝不要和他人分享你的密码。
26account
/əˈkaʊnt/		n.账户；账号；叙述Create an account to use the service.创建一个账户来使用这项服务。
27log in / log out
/lɒɡ ɪn/ / /lɒɡ aʊt/		v.登录 / 退出登录Log in with your email and password.用你的邮箱和密码登录。
28encryption
/ɪnˈkrɪpʃn/		n.加密Encryption keeps your data safe.加密保护你的数据安全。
29privacy
/ˈprɪvəsi/		n.隐私Social media raises concerns about privacy.社交媒体引发了人们对隐私的担忧。
30authentication
/ɔːˌθentɪˈkeɪʃn/		n.身份验证；认证Two-factor authentication improves security.双重认证提高安全性。
31malware
/ˈmælweə(r)/		n.恶意软件Malware can steal personal information.恶意软件会窃取个人信息。
32phishing
/ˈfɪʃɪŋ/		n.网络钓鱼Phishing emails pretend to be from banks.钓鱼邮件伪装成来自银行。
33spam
/spæm/		n.垃圾邮件；垃圾信息The filter moves spam to a separate folder.过滤器把垃圾邮件移到单独的文件夹。
34backup
/ˈbækʌp/		n./v.备份Make a backup of your files every week.每周备份一次你的文件。
35data breach
/ˈdeɪtə briːtʃ/		n.数据泄露The company reported a serious data breach.这家公司报告了一起严重的数据泄露事件。
36search engine
/sɜːtʃ ˈendʒɪn/		n.搜索引擎A search engine helps you find information online.搜索引擎帮你在网上查找信息。
37social media
/ˌsəʊʃl ˈmiːdiə/		n.社交媒体Social media changes how people communicate.社交媒体改变了人们交流的方式。
38e-commerce
/ˈiː kɒmɜːs/		n.电子商务E-commerce is growing rapidly in China.电子商务在中国发展迅速。
39online payment
/ˌɒnˈlaɪn ˈpeɪmənt/		n.在线支付Online payment is convenient and fast.在线支付方便快捷。
405G
/ˌfaɪv ˈdʒiː/		n.第五代移动通信技术5G networks offer much higher speeds.5G网络提供高得多的速度。
41smartphone
/ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/		n.智能手机Smartphones connect us to the world.智能手机把我们与世界连接起来。
42tablet
/ˈtæblət/		n.平板电脑；药片She reads e-books on her tablet.她在平板电脑上读电子书。
43Wi-Fi
/ˈwaɪfaɪ/		n.无线局域网；无线网络The café offers free Wi-Fi.这家咖啡馆提供免费Wi-Fi。
44Bluetooth
/ˈbluːtuːθ/		n.蓝牙Connect the earphones via Bluetooth.通过蓝牙连接耳机。
45hotspot
/ˈhɒtspɒt/		n.（无线）热点Turn on the hotspot to share your network.打开热点来共享你的网络。
46security
/sɪˈkjʊərəti/		n.安全；保安Network security is everyone's responsibility.网络安全是每个人的责任。
47threat
/θret/		n.威胁Viruses are a threat to data security.病毒是数据安全的威胁。
48attack
/əˈtæk/		n./v.攻击；袭击The website suffered a cyber attack.这个网站遭受了网络攻击。
49identity
/aɪˈdentəti/		n.身份；特性Protect your identity online.在网上保护你的身份信息。
50setting
/ˈsetɪŋ/		n.设置；环境You can change the language in the settings.你可以在设置中更改语言。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（450 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 网络类型与拓扑（45）

Internetn.互联网
The Internet connects billions of devices worldwide.互联网连接着全球数十亿台设备。
intranetn.内联网
The company intranet is for employees only.公司内网仅供员工使用。
extranetn.外联网
Partners access the extranet with a secure login.合作伙伴通过安全登录访问外网。
ethernetn.以太网
Ethernet cables connect devices in a LAN.以太网线缆连接局域网中的设备。
topologyn.拓扑结构
Network topology defines how devices connect.网络拓扑定义了设备的连接方式。
star topologyn.星型拓扑
In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub.在星型拓扑中，所有设备都连接到中央集线器。
ring topologyn.环形拓扑
A ring topology passes tokens in a circle.环形拓扑以圆周方式传递令牌。
bus topologyn.总线拓扑
A bus topology uses a single backbone cable.总线拓扑使用单一的主干电缆。
mesh networkn.网状网络
A mesh network offers multiple redundant paths.网状网络提供多条冗余路径。
peer-to-peeradj.点对点的
In a peer-to-peer network, all nodes are equal.在对等网络中，所有节点都是平等的。
noden.节点
Each node on the network has a unique address.网络上的每个节点都有唯一地址。
hubn.集线器
A USB hub turns one port into four or more.一个 USB 集线器可以把一个接口扩展为四个或更多。
switchn.交换机
A switch statement handles multiple cases.switch 语句处理多个分支。
routern.路由器
A router forwards packets between networks.路由器在不同网络之间转发数据包。
gatewayn.网关
A gateway connects networks using different protocols.网关使用不同协议连接网络。
bridgen.网桥
A bridge connects two segments of a LAN.网桥连接局域网的两个网段。
repeatern.中继器
A repeater amplifies a weak network signal.中继器放大微弱的网络信号。
modemn.调制解调器
A modem converts digital signals to analog.调制解调器将数字信号转换为模拟信号。
access pointn.接入点
A wireless access point connects Wi-Fi devices to the network.无线接入点将 Wi-Fi 设备连接到网络。
adaptern.适配器
Bring a travel adapter if your charger plug does not fit the wall socket.如果充电器插头与当地插座不匹配，请带上旅行转接头。
cablen.电缆；线缆
A network cable connects devices physically.网线物理连接设备。
fiber opticsn.光纤
Fiber optics transmit data using light.光纤使用光传输数据。
coaxial cablen.同轴电缆
Coaxial cable is used for cable TV.同轴电缆用于有线电视。
twisted pairn.双绞线
Twisted pair cables are common in Ethernet.双绞线在以太网中很常见。
portn.端口
Plug the Ethernet cable into the LAN port on the back.把网线插入背面的 LAN 端口。
packetn.数据包
Data is broken into packets before transmission.数据在传输前被分成数据包。
framen.帧
A frame is a packet at the data link layer.帧是数据链路层上的数据包。
datagramn.数据报
A datagram is an independent packet.数据报是一个独立的数据包。
headern.报头
The header contains routing information.头部包含路由信息。
payloadn.有效载荷
The payload carries the actual data.有效载荷携带实际数据。
checksumn.校验和
A checksum detects transmission errors.校验和检测传输错误。
latencyn.延迟
High latency makes online games feel laggy.高延迟会让网络游戏感觉卡顿。
throughputn.吞吐量
Network throughput measures how much data is transferred per second.网络吞吐量衡量每秒可传输的数据量。
jittern.抖动
Jitter causes uneven packet arrival.抖动导致数据包到达不均匀。
packet lossn.丢包
Packet loss reduces network quality.丢包会降低网络质量。
congestionn.拥塞
Network congestion slows down traffic.网络拥塞会减慢流量。
bottleneckn.瓶颈
A bottleneck limits overall throughput.瓶颈限制了整体吞吐量。
redundancyn.冗余
Redundancy improves network reliability.冗余提高网络可靠性。
scalabilityn.可扩展性
A scalable network grows easily.可扩展的网络易于扩展。
reliabilityn.可靠性
Reliability is critical for business networks.可靠性对企业网络至关重要。
coveragen.覆盖范围
The event received extensive media coverage.该事件得到了广泛的媒体报道。
signaln.信号
A weak Wi-Fi signal slows down every online task.Wi-Fi 信号太弱时，所有联网任务都会变慢。
antennan.天线
The antenna boosts the wireless signal.天线增强无线信号。
spectrumn.频谱
The radio spectrum is a limited resource.射频频谱是有限的资源。
bandwidthn.带宽
A wider bandwidth lets more data travel through the network at once.带宽越大，单位时间内通过网络的数据就越多。

2️⃣ 网络协议与体系结构（45）

HTTPn.超文本传输协议
HTTP is the foundation of the World Wide Web.HTTP 是万维网的基础。
HTTPSn.安全超文本传输协议
HTTPS encrypts web traffic for security.HTTPS 加密网络流量以保证安全。
FTPn.文件传输协议
FTP transfers files between computers.FTP 在计算机之间传输文件。
SMTPn.简单邮件传输协议
SMTP sends email between servers.SMTP 在服务器之间发送邮件。
POP3n.邮局协议第3版
POP3 downloads email to your device.POP3 把邮件下载到你的设备。
IMAPn.互联网消息访问协议
IMAP syncs email across devices.IMAP 跨设备同步邮件。
DNSn.域名系统
DNS translates domain names to IP addresses.DNS 将域名翻译为 IP 地址。
DHCPn.动态主机配置协议
DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses.DHCP 自动分配 IP 地址。
TCPn.传输控制协议
TCP ensures reliable delivery of data.TCP 保证数据的可靠传输。
UDPn.用户数据报协议
UDP is faster but unreliable.UDP 更快但不可靠。
IPv4n.网际协议第4版
IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long.IPv4 地址长 32 位。
IPv6n.网际协议第6版
IPv6 provides a much larger address space.IPv6 提供更大的地址空间。
ICMPn.互联网控制报文协议
ICMP is used for network diagnostics.ICMP 用于网络诊断。
ARPn.地址解析协议
ARP maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.ARP 将 IP 地址映射到 MAC 地址。
NATn.网络地址转换
NAT translates private IPs to public ones.NAT 将私有 IP 转换为公共 IP。
SSLn.安全套接层
SSL encrypts data between client and server.SSL 在客户端和服务器之间加密数据。
TLSn.传输层安全协议
TLS is the successor to SSL.TLS 是 SSL 的后继者。
SSHn.安全外壳协议
SSH provides secure remote access.SSH 提供安全的远程访问。
Telnetn.远程登录协议
Telnet is an older remote access protocol.Telnet 是一种较旧的远程访问协议。
VoIPn.网络电话
VoIP enables voice calls over the internet.VoIP 可以通过网络进行语音通话。
OSI modeln.开放系统互连模型
The OSI model has seven layers.OSI 模型有七层。
layern.层；层次
Each layer has specific responsibilities.每一层都有特定的职责。
physical layern.物理层
The physical layer transmits raw bits.物理层传输原始比特。
data link layern.数据链路层
The data link layer handles frames.数据链路层处理帧。
network layern.网络层
The network layer routes packets.网络层路由数据包。
transport layern.传输层
The transport layer ensures end-to-end delivery.传输层确保端到端传输。
session layern.会话层
The session layer manages connections.会话层管理连接。
presentation layern.表示层
The presentation layer handles data format.表示层处理数据格式。
application layern.应用层
The application layer serves the user.应用层服务于用户。
handshaken.握手
A handshake establishes a connection.握手建立连接。
sessionn.会话
A session is an ongoing connection.会话是持续的连接。
connectionn.连接
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.TCP 是面向连接的协议。
connectionlessadj.无连接的
UDP is connectionless.UDP 是无连接的。
routingn.路由选择
Routing determines the path for packets.路由决定数据包的路径。
forwardingn.转发
Forwarding moves packets to the next hop.转发将数据包移动到下一跳。
encapsulationn.封装
Encapsulation hides internal implementation details.封装隐藏内部实现细节。
fragmentationn.分片
Fragmentation splits large packets.分片将大包拆开。
reassemblyn.重组
Reassembly combines fragments at the destination.重组在目的地合并分片。
timeoutn.超时
A timeout occurs when no response arrives.超时在没有响应时发生。
retransmissionn.重传
Retransmission resends lost packets.重传重新发送丢失的数据包。
acknowledgementn.确认
An acknowledgement confirms receipt.确认收到收据。
flow controln.流量控制
Flow control prevents overwhelming the receiver.流控制防止接收方过载。
error detectionn.差错检测
Error detection finds corrupted data.错误检测发现损坏的数据。
multiplexingn.多路复用
Multiplexing combines multiple signals.多路复用组合多个信号。
unicastn./adj.单播（的）
Unicast sends to one recipient.单播发送给一个接收者。

3️⃣ 互联网应用与服务（45）

World Wide Webn.万维网
The World Wide Web is built on HTTP.万维网建立在 HTTP 之上。
hypertextn.超文本
Hypertext links documents together.超文本将文档链接在一起。
hyperlinkn.超链接
Click a hyperlink to open a new page.点击超链接打开新页面。
URLn.统一资源定位符
A URL specifies a web resource.URL 指定一个网络资源。
cookien.网络记录信息
A cookie stores small pieces of user data.cookie 存储少量用户数据。
cachen.缓存
A web cache stores frequently accessed pages.网络缓存存储经常访问的页面。
bookmarkn.书签
Save a bookmark for your favorite site.为你喜欢的网站添加书签。
tabn.标签页
Open the link in a new tab.在新标签页中打开链接。
homepagen.主页
The homepage is the default landing page.主页是默认的着陆页。
web servern.网页服务器
A web server hosts websites.网络服务器托管网站。
hostingn.托管
Cloud hosting provides scalable resources.云托管提供可扩展的资源。
cloud computingn.云计算
Cloud computing delivers services over the internet.云计算通过网络提供服务。
cloud storagen.云存储
Upload your photos to cloud storage so you can access them anywhere.把照片上传到云存储，就能在任何地方访问。
streamingn.流媒体
Streaming allows real-time media playback.流媒体支持实时媒体播放。
podcastn.播客
I listen to that podcast on my way to work.我上班路上听那个播客。
blogn.博客
She writes a blog about programming.她写了一个关于编程的博客。
vlogn.视频博客
A vlog is a video blog.vlog 是视频博客。
forumn.论坛
Users discuss topics in a forum.用户在论坛中讨论话题。
bulletin boardn.公告板
A bulletin board displays announcements.公告板显示通知。
attachmentn.附件
Send the file as an email attachment.将文件作为电子邮件附件发送。
inboxn.收件箱
Check your inbox for new messages.查看收件箱中的新消息。
outboxn.发件箱
Sent messages are stored in your outbox.已发送的消息存储在发件箱中。
newslettern.简报；通讯
Subscribe to our monthly newsletter.订阅我们的月度通讯。
subscriptionn.订阅
Your subscription expires next month.你的订阅下个月到期。
followern.关注者；粉丝
She has thousands of followers on social media.她在社交媒体上有成千上万的粉丝。
hashtagn.话题标签
Use a hashtag to group related posts.使用标签对相关帖子进行分组。
emojin.表情符号
Emojis add fun to messages.表情符号使消息更有趣。
memen.网络梗
A meme spreads quickly online.表情包在网上传播很快。
influencern.网红
She is a social media influencer.她是一位社交媒体网红。
livestreamn./v.直播
The concert will be available as a livestream.这场音乐会将通过直播提供。
video conferencen.视频会议
We held a video conference with the team.我们和团队开了一场视频会议。
instant messagingn.即时通讯
Instant messaging enables real-time chat.即时通讯支持实时聊天。
chatbotn.聊天机器人
A chatbot can answer simple questions.聊天机器人可以回答简单问题。
recommendationn.推荐
The site shows product recommendations.该网站显示商品推荐。
feedn.信息流
Scroll through your news feed.滚动浏览你的信息流。
notificationn.通知
You will receive a notification when the task completes.任务完成时你会收到通知。
pop-upn.弹窗
Close the pop-up ad.关闭弹窗广告。
bannern.横幅广告
A banner ad appeared on the page.页面上出现了一个横幅广告。
trafficn.流量
Web traffic increased after the redesign.改版后网络流量增加了。
pageviewn.页面浏览量
Each visit counts as one pageview.每次访问计为一次页面浏览。
bounce raten.跳出率
The bounce rate measures single-page visits.跳出率衡量单页访问的比例。
portaln.门户网站
The portal provides access to multiple services.门户提供对多个服务的访问。
platformn.平台
Our platform supports multiple devices.我们的平台支持多种设备。
communityn.社区
The online community is very active.在线社区非常活跃。
threadn.（论坛）主题帖
Follow the thread to see all replies.关注帖子以查看所有回复。

4️⃣ 移动通信（45）

mobileadj.移动的
Mobile devices account for most web traffic.移动设备占大部分网络流量。
cellularadj.蜂窝的
Cellular networks cover wide areas.蜂窝网络覆盖范围广。
4Gn.第四代移动通信
4G networks offer fast mobile data.4G 网络提供快速的移动数据。
6Gn.第六代移动通信
6G networks promise even faster speeds.6G 网络承诺更快的速度。
base stationn.基站
A base station connects mobile phones to the network.基站将移动电话连接到网络。
cell towern.蜂窝信号塔
A cell tower transmits wireless signals.手机信号塔发射无线信号。
SIM cardn.用户识别卡
A SIM card identifies the mobile subscriber.SIM 卡识别移动用户。
eSIMn.嵌入式SIM卡
An eSIM is an embedded digital SIM.eSIM 是嵌入式数字 SIM。
roamingn.漫游
Roaming charges apply when traveling abroad.在国外旅行时收取漫游费。
carriern.运营商
Choose a carrier with good coverage.选择覆盖范围好的运营商。
operatorn.运营商
The "+" operator adds two numbers."+" 运算符将两个数字相加。
subscribern.用户；订户
The carrier serves millions of subscribers.运营商服务数百万用户。
handsetn.手机；手持机
A modern handset is essentially a small computer.现代手机本质上是一台小型计算机。
feature phonen.功能手机
A feature phone has limited functionality.功能手机功能有限。
mobile datan.移动数据
Mobile data lets you browse anywhere.移动数据让你可以随时随地浏览。
data plann.流量套餐
A data plan sets a monthly data limit.套餐设定每月数据上限。
text messagen.短信
Send a text message to your friend.给朋友发一条短信。
SMSn.短信服务
SMS stands for Short Message Service.SMS 代表短信服务。
MMSn.彩信服务
MMS supports multimedia messages.MMS 支持多媒体消息。
ringtonen.铃声
Choose a custom ringtone for your phone.为你的手机选择自定义铃声。
voicemailn.语音信箱
Leave a voicemail if no one answers.如果没人接，请留言。
caller IDn.来电显示
Caller ID shows who is calling.来电显示显示谁在打电话。
NFCn.近场通信
NFC enables contactless payments.NFC 实现非接触式支付。
RFIDn.射频识别
RFID tags are used for inventory tracking.RFID 标签用于库存跟踪。
QR coden.二维码
Point the phone camera at the QR code to open the menu instantly.把手机摄像头对准二维码，即可立即打开菜单。
barcoden.条形码
A barcode encodes product information.条形码编码产品信息。
satelliten.卫星
The satellite broadcasts television signals worldwide.这颗卫星向全球广播电视信号。
GPSn.全球定位系统
GPS helps you find your location.GPS 帮你找到你的位置。
navigationn.导航
Use navigation apps when driving.开车时使用导航应用。
positioningn.定位
Positioning systems use satellites.定位系统使用卫星。
signal strengthn.信号强度
Check the signal strength before calling.打电话前检查信号强度。
dead zonen.信号盲区
A dead zone has no signal.盲区没有信号。
handovern.（信号）切换
Handover transfers your call between towers.切换在不同基站之间转移你的通话。
frequencyn.频率
The CPU frequency is measured in gigahertz.CPU 频率以吉赫兹为单位计量。
channeln.信道；频道
You can watch the news on this channel.你可以在这频道上看新闻。
duplexadj.双工的
Full duplex allows simultaneous two-way communication.全双工允许同时双向通信。
modulationn.调制
Modulation encodes data onto a carrier wave.调制将数据编码到载波上。
demodulationn.解调
Demodulation extracts data from a carrier.解调从载波中提取数据。
compressionn.压缩
Compression reduces data size.压缩减小数据大小。
decompressionn.解压缩
Decompression restores the original data.解压缩恢复原始数据。
MIMOn.多输入多输出
MIMO uses multiple antennas for faster speeds.MIMO 使用多天线获得更快速度。
beamformingn.波束成形
Beamforming directs the signal toward devices.波束成形将信号定向到设备。
millimeter waven.毫米波
Millimeter waves enable 5G high speeds.毫米波使 5G 高速成为可能。
roamv.漫游
Your phone will roam automatically.你的手机会自动漫游。
dialv.拨号
Dial the number to make a call.拨号打电话。

5️⃣ 网络安全威胁（45）

trojann.特洛伊木马
A trojan disguises itself as legitimate software.特洛伊木马伪装成合法软件。
wormn.蠕虫
A worm spreads through networks without user action.蠕虫无需用户操作即可通过网络传播。
ransomwaren.勒索软件
Ransomware encrypts files and demands payment.勒索软件加密文件并索要赎金。
spywaren.间谍软件
Spyware secretly monitors user activity.间谍软件秘密监视用户活动。
adwaren.广告软件
Adware displays unwanted advertisements.广告软件显示不想要的广告。
rootkitn.恶意隐藏工具
A rootkit hides deep in the system.根工具包深深隐藏在系统中。
keyloggern.键盘记录器
A keylogger records keystrokes.键盘记录器记录按键。
botnetn.僵尸网络
A botnet is a network of infected computers.僵尸网络是被感染的计算机组成的网络。
backdoorn.后门
A backdoor allows unauthorized access.后门允许未经授权的访问。
exploitn./v.漏洞利用
The company exploits natural resources.这家公司开采自然资源。
vulnerabilityn.漏洞
Patch the vulnerability before it is exploited.在漏洞被利用之前修补它。
patchn.补丁
A security patch fixes known issues.安全补丁修复已知问题。
zero-dayn.零日漏洞
A zero-day exploit targets unknown vulnerabilities.零日漏洞攻击未知的漏洞。
DDoSn.分布式拒绝服务攻击
A DDoS attack overwhelms a server with traffic.DDoS 攻击用流量淹没服务器。
denial of servicen.拒绝服务
A denial of service attack blocks legitimate users.拒绝服务攻击阻止合法用户。
brute forcen.暴力破解
A brute-force solution tries every possibility.暴力解法会尝试每一种可能性。
dictionary attackn.字典攻击
A dictionary attack tries common passwords.字典攻击尝试常见密码。
man-in-the-middlen.中间人攻击
A man-in-the-middle attack intercepts communication.中间人攻击拦截通信。
sniffingn.嗅探
Packet sniffing captures network traffic.数据包嗅探捕获网络流量。
spoofingn.欺骗
IP spoofing fakes the sender's address.IP 欺骗伪造发送者的地址。
hijackingn.劫持
Session hijacking takes over a user's session.会话劫持接管用户的会话。
SQL injectionn.SQL注入
SQL injection inserts malicious code into queries.SQL 注入将恶意代码插入查询。
cross-site scriptingn.跨站脚本
Cross-site scripting injects scripts into web pages.跨站脚本攻击将脚本注入网页。
social engineeringn.社会工程学
Social engineering tricks people into revealing information.社会工程学诱骗人们泄露信息。
scamn.诈骗
Beware of online scam emails.谨防网络诈骗邮件。
fraudn.欺诈
Online fraud can cause serious damage.网络欺诈可能造成严重损失。
identity theftn.身份盗用
Identity theft steals personal information.身份盗窃窃取个人信息。
cybercrimen.网络犯罪
Cybercrime is a growing global threat.网络犯罪是日益严重的全球威胁。
cyberattackn.网络攻击
A cyberattack targets computer systems.网络攻击针对计算机系统。
cyberwarfaren.网络战
Cyberwarfare targets national infrastructure.网络战针对国家基础设施。
hacktivistn.黑客行动主义者
A hacktivist hacks for political reasons.黑客活动主义者出于政治原因进行黑客活动。
insider threatn.内部威胁
An insider threat comes from within the organization.内部威胁来自组织内部。
leakn./v.泄露
A data leak exposes sensitive information.数据泄露会暴露敏感信息。
breachn./v.攻破；泄露
The hackers breached the security system.黑客突破了安全系统。
compromisev.危害；损害
Both sides compromised to reach an agreement.双方妥协达成了协议。
infectv.感染
The wound can easily become infected.伤口很容易被感染。
spreadv.传播
Viruses spread through email attachments.病毒通过电子邮件附件传播。
replicatev.复制
Malware replicates across the network.恶意软件在网络上复制。
damagen./v.损害
The attack caused severe damage.攻击造成了严重的损害。
stealv.窃取
Hackers stole millions of passwords.黑客窃取了数百万个密码。
monitorv.监视
The system monitors network traffic in real time.该系统实时监控网络流量。
trackv.跟踪
Track user activity for analytics.跟踪用户活动以进行分析。
interceptv.截获
Encrypt messages to prevent intercept.加密消息以防被拦截。
crackv.破解
Crack the password to gain access.破解密码以获得访问权限。
blackmailv./n.勒索
Ransomware may blackmail the victim.勒索软件可能会勒索受害者。

6️⃣ 网络安全防护（45）

antivirusn.杀毒软件
Install antivirus software on your computer.在电脑上安装杀毒软件。
anti-malwaren.反恶意软件
Anti-malware tools detect malicious software.反恶意软件工具检测恶意软件。
security softwaren.安全软件
Update your security software regularly.定期更新你的安全软件。
VPNn.虚拟专用网络
A VPN encrypts your internet connection.VPN 加密你的互联网连接。
proxy servern.代理服务器
A proxy server hides your IP address.代理服务器隐藏你的 IP 地址。
tunneln.隧道
The tunnel runs under the river.这条隧道从河底穿过。
digital certificaten.数字证书
A digital certificate verifies a website's identity.数字证书验证网站的身份。
digital signaturen.数字签名
A digital signature ensures data integrity.数字签名保证数据完整性。
public keyn.公钥
A public key encrypts data sent to you.公钥加密发送给你的数据。
private keyn.私钥
A private key decrypts received data.私钥解密接收到的数据。
cryptographyn.密码学
Cryptography protects information from eavesdroppers.密码学保护信息不被窃听。
ciphern.密码
A cipher transforms plaintext into ciphertext.密码将明文转换为密文。
plaintextn.明文
Encrypt the plaintext before sending.在发送前加密明文。
ciphertextn.密文
Decrypt the ciphertext to read the message.解密密文以读取消息。
decryptv.解密
Use the key to decrypt the message.用密钥解密消息。
hashn.哈希值
A hash uniquely identifies data.哈希唯一标识数据。
biometricadj.生物识别的
Biometric authentication uses fingerprints or faces.生物识别身份验证使用指纹或人脸。
fingerprintn.指纹
Touch the fingerprint sensor to unlock.触摸指纹传感器解锁。
facial recognitionn.人脸识别
Facial recognition unlocks your phone.人脸识别解锁你的手机。
iris scann.虹膜扫描
An iris scan is a secure biometric method.虹膜扫描是一种安全的生物识别方法。
CAPTCHAn.人机验证码
A CAPTCHA distinguishes humans from bots.CAPTCHA 区分人类和机器人。
one-time passwordn.一次性密码
A one-time password expires after use.一次性密码使用后过期。
security questionn.安全问题
Choose a strong security question.选择一个强安全问题。
permissionn.权限
Grant the app the necessary permissions.授予应用必要的权限。
privilegen.特权
Admin privileges are required for this action.此操作需要管理员权限。
access controln.访问控制
Access control limits who can use resources.访问控制限制谁能使用资源。
whitelistn.白名单
Add trusted senders to your whitelist.将可信发件人添加到白名单。
blacklistn.黑名单
Block suspicious callers via the blacklist.通过黑名单阻止可疑来电者。
quarantinen./v.隔离
Quarantine infected files immediately.立即隔离被感染的文件。
sandboxn.沙箱
Run untrusted code in a sandbox.在沙盒中运行不可信代码。
auditn./v.审计
The company did an annual audit.公司进行了年度审计。
logn.日志
Check the system log for errors.查看系统日志中的错误。
intrusion detectionn.入侵检测
Intrusion detection spots unauthorized access.入侵检测发现未经授权的访问。
intrusion preventionn.入侵防御
Intrusion prevention blocks attacks in real time.入侵防御实时阻止攻击。
security policyn.安全策略
Follow the company security policy.遵守公司的安全策略。
compliancen.合规
Compliance with regulations is mandatory.遵守法规是强制性的。
risk assessmentn.风险评估
A risk assessment identifies potential threats.风险评估识别潜在威胁。
incident responsen.事件响应
Have an incident response plan ready.准备好事件响应计划。
disaster recoveryn.灾难恢复
Disaster recovery restores systems after failure.灾难恢复在故障后恢复系统。
offsite backupn.异地备份
Keep an offsite backup of critical data.保留重要数据的异地备份。
restorev.恢复
Restore the system from backup.从备份还原系统。
defensen.防御
A strong firewall is a first line of defense.强大的防火墙是第一道防线。
security patchn.安全补丁
Apply the security patch immediately.立即应用安全补丁。
penetration testn.渗透测试
A penetration test simulates a real attack.渗透测试模拟真实攻击。
vulnerability scann.漏洞扫描
Run a vulnerability scan regularly.定期运行漏洞扫描。

7️⃣ 数据中心与云服务（45）

data centern.数据中心
A data center houses servers and networking gear.数据中心容纳服务器和网络设备。
server farmn.服务器集群
A server farm handles huge traffic loads.服务器场处理巨大的流量负载。
rackn.机架
Servers are mounted vertically in a standard 19-inch rack.服务器被竖直安装在标准的 19 英寸机架上。
blade servern.刀片服务器
A blade server packs multiple thin modules into one chassis.刀片服务器把多块薄型模块整合在同一个机箱中。
virtualizationn.虚拟化
Virtualization allows multiple OS instances.虚拟化允许多个操作系统实例。
virtual machinen.虚拟机
A virtual machine emulates a computer.虚拟机模拟一台计算机。
containern.容器
A container packages an application with dependencies.容器把应用程序和依赖打包在一起。
hypervisorn.虚拟机监视器
A hypervisor manages virtual machines.虚拟机管理程序管理虚拟机。
infrastructuren.基础设施
Cloud infrastructure is highly scalable.云基础设施具有高度可扩展性。
IaaSn.基础设施即服务
IaaS provides virtualized computing resources.IaaS 提供虚拟化的计算资源。
PaaSn.平台即服务
PaaS provides a platform for app development.PaaS 提供应用开发平台。
SaaSn.软件即服务
SaaS delivers software over the internet.SaaS 通过互联网提供软件。
public cloudn.公有云
A public cloud serves many organizations.公共云服务许多组织。
private cloudn.私有云
A private cloud is for a single organization.私有云供单个组织使用。
hybrid cloudn.混合云
A hybrid cloud combines public and private.混合云结合了公共云和私有云。
edge computingn.边缘计算
Edge computing processes data near the source.边缘计算在数据源附近处理数据。
fog computingn.雾计算
Fog computing extends the cloud to the network edge.雾计算将云扩展到网络边缘。
CDNn.内容分发网络
A CDN speeds up content delivery.CDN 加速内容分发。
load balancingn.负载均衡
Load balancing distributes traffic across servers.负载均衡在服务器之间分配流量。
failovern.故障转移
Failover switches to a backup system.故障转移切换到备份系统。
uptimen.正常运行时间
High uptime means reliable service.高正常运行时间意味着可靠的服务。
downtimen.停机时间
Downtime affects business operations.停机时间影响业务运营。
availabilityn.可用性
High availability is critical for online services.高可用性对在线服务至关重要。
durabilityn.持久性
Data durability ensures no loss.数据持久性确保不会丢失。
elasticityn.弹性
Cloud elasticity scales resources on demand.云弹性按需扩展资源。
on-demandadj.按需的
On-demand resources reduce cost.按需资源降低成本。
pay-as-you-goadj.按需付费的
Pay-as-you-go pricing suits variable workloads.按使用量付费适合可变的工作负载。
migrationn.迁移
Cloud migration moves workloads to the cloud.云迁移将工作负载迁移到云。
deploymentn.部署
Automated deployment reduces errors.自动化部署减少错误。
provisioningn.资源配置
Provisioning sets up resources automatically.配置自动设置资源。
orchestrationn.编排
Orchestration coordinates multiple services.编排协调多个服务。
clustern.集群
A cluster provides high availability.集群提供高可用性。
distributedadj.分布式的
A distributed system runs across many nodes.分布式系统跨多个节点运行。
centralizedadj.集中式的
A centralized system has a single control point.集中式系统有单一的控制点。
decentralizedadj.去中心化的
A decentralized system has no single point of failure.去中心化系统没有单一故障点。
replican.副本
A replica mirrors data for redundancy.副本复制数据以提供冗余。
snapshotn.快照
Take a snapshot before major changes.在进行重大更改前先做一个快照。
synchronizationn.同步
Synchronization keeps replicas in step.同步使副本保持一致。
asynchronousadj.异步的
Asynchronous replication has eventual consistency.异步复制最终一致。
bandwidth throttlingn.带宽限制
Bandwidth throttling limits heavy users.带宽限制会限制重度用户。
meteringn.计量
Cloud metering tracks resource usage.云监控跟踪资源使用情况。
tenantn.租户
Each tenant gets isolated resources.每个租户都有独立的资源。
service level agreementn.服务水平协议
A service level agreement defines uptime guarantees.服务等级协议定义了正常运行时间保证。
cloud-nativeadj.云原生的
Cloud-native apps scale horizontally.云原生应用水平扩展。
serverlessadj.无服务器的
Serverless computing runs code on demand.无服务器计算按需运行代码。

8️⃣ 新兴网络技术（45）

Internet of Thingsn.物联网
The Internet of Things connects everyday devices.物联网连接日常设备。
IoT devicen.物联网设备
An IoT device collects and shares data.物联网设备收集并共享数据。
smart homen.智能家居
A smart home automates lighting and security.智能家居自动控制照明和安全。
smart cityn.智慧城市
A smart city uses sensors to manage traffic.智慧城市使用传感器管理交通。
wearablen.可穿戴设备
A wearable tracks health metrics.可穿戴设备跟踪健康指标。
smartwatchn.智能手表
My smartwatch tracks my heart rate during exercise.我的智能手表会在运动时监测心率。
smart speakern.智能音箱
A smart speaker answers voice questions.智能音箱回答语音问题。
voice assistantn.语音助手
A voice assistant schedules your day.语音助手安排你的一天。
sensorn.传感器
The temperature sensor reports the current room temperature to the app.温度传感器把当前室温数据上报给应用。
actuatorn.执行器
An actuator performs an action based on a signal.执行器根据信号执行动作。
embeddedadj.嵌入式的
Embedded systems run dedicated functions.嵌入式系统运行专用功能。
connectedadj.互联的
Connected devices exchange data over the network.联网设备通过网络交换数据。
autonomousadj.自主的
An autonomous vehicle drives itself.自动驾驶汽车自己驾驶。
self-drivingadj.自动驾驶的
Self-driving cars use sensors and AI.自动驾驶汽车使用传感器和人工智能。
blockchainn.区块链
A blockchain stores tamper-proof records.区块链存储防篡改记录。
cryptocurrencyn.加密货币
Cryptocurrency uses encryption for security.加密货币使用加密技术保证安全。
Bitcoinn.比特币
Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency.比特币是第一种加密货币。
digital walletn.数字钱包
A digital wallet stores cryptocurrency keys.数字钱包存储加密货币密钥。
smart contractn.智能合约
A smart contract runs automatically on a blockchain.智能合约在区块链上自动运行。
distributed ledgern.分布式账本
A distributed ledger records transactions across many nodes.分布式账本在多个节点上记录交易。
NFTn.非同质化代币
An NFT represents ownership of a digital item.NFT 代表数字物品的所有权。
metaversen.元宇宙
The metaverse is a virtual shared space.元宇宙是一个虚拟共享空间。
digital twinn.数字孪生
A digital twin simulates a physical object.数字孪生模拟物理对象。
big datan.大数据
Big data requires specialized storage.大数据需要专门的存储。
data miningn.数据挖掘
Data mining finds patterns in large datasets.数据挖掘在大型数据集中寻找模式。
data analyticsn.数据分析
Data analytics provides business insights.数据分析提供商业洞察。
real-timeadj.实时的
Real-time processing reacts instantly.实时处理立即反应。
telemetryn.遥测
Telemetry transmits data from remote devices.遥测从远程设备传输数据。
remote monitoringn.远程监控
Remote monitoring checks systems from afar.远程监控从远处检查系统。
remote controln.远程控制
Remote control adjusts devices over the network.远程控制通过网络调整设备。
dronen.无人机
A drone delivers packages in some areas.无人机在某些地区递送包裹。
robotn.机器人
A factory robot assembles cars quickly.工厂机器人快速组装汽车。
automationn.自动化
Automation reduces repetitive manual work.自动化减少重复的手工劳动。
machine-to-machineadj.机器对机器的
Machine-to-machine communication enables smart systems.机器对机器通信支持智能系统。
low-poweradj.低功耗的
Choose a low-power CPU for a fanless, silent mini PC.为无风扇静音迷你主机选用低功耗 CPU。
edge devicen.边缘设备
An edge device processes data locally.边缘设备在本地处理数据。
smart gridn.智能电网
A smart grid balances electricity supply and demand.智能电网平衡电力供需。
telemedicinen.远程医疗
Telemedicine allows remote doctor visits.远程医疗允许远程就医。
e-learningn.在线学习
E-learning makes education accessible online.在线学习使教育在网上更易获得。
remote workn.远程办公
Remote work relies on collaboration tools.远程工作依赖协作工具。
digital economyn.数字经济
The digital economy is growing rapidly.数字经济正在快速增长。
sharing economyn.共享经济
The sharing economy is built on digital platforms.共享经济建立在数字平台之上。
gig economyn.零工经济
Gig workers find short-term jobs online.零工经济的人在网上找到短期工作。
smart agriculturen.智慧农业
Smart agriculture uses sensors to optimize farming.智慧农业使用传感器优化农业。
industrial Internetn.工业互联网
The industrial Internet connects factory machines.工业互联网连接工厂机器。

9️⃣ 网络常用动词（45）

connectv.连接
Connect the printer to Wi-Fi before installing the driver.先让打印机连上 Wi-Fi，再安装驱动。
disconnectv.断开连接
The server will disconnect after timeout.服务器将在超时后断开连接。
reconnectv.重新连接
Reconnect to the network and try again.重新连接网络后再试。
accessv.访问
Access the file from any device.从任何设备访问该文件。
browsev.浏览
Browse the web for information.在网上浏览信息。
surfv.（网上）冲浪
Surf the web for resources.在网上冲浪寻找资源。
navigatev.导航；浏览
Navigate to the settings page.导航到设置页面。
visitv.访问
Visit the website for details.访问网站查看详情。
refreshv.刷新
Refresh the page to see updates.刷新页面查看更新。
reloadv.重新加载
Reload the document to apply changes.重新加载文档以应用更改。
transmitv.传输
The antenna transmits signals at high frequency.天线以高频发射信号。
receivev.接收
The receiver decodes incoming signals.接收器解码传入的信号。
sendv.发送
Send the file via email.通过电子邮件发送文件。
forwardv.转发
Forward the call to another agent.将电话转给另一个代理。
sharev.分享
Share the document with your team.与你的团队共享文档。
postv.发布
Post your answer on the forum.在论坛上发布你的答案。
repostv.转发（帖子）
Repost the article if you find it useful.如果你觉得有用就转发这篇文章。
commentv.评论
He made a brief comment on the article.他对这篇文章做了简短的评论。
followv.关注
Follow the official account for updates.关注官方账号以获取更新。
unfollowv.取消关注
Unfollow accounts you no longer care about.取消关注你不再关心的账号。
blockv.屏蔽；拉黑
A code block groups multiple statements.代码块将多个语句组合在一起。
unblockv.解除屏蔽
Unblock the user to resume contact.取消屏蔽该用户以恢复联系。
mutev.静音
Mute notifications during meetings.会议期间静音通知。
subscribev.订阅
You can subscribe to the newsletter for free.你可以免费订阅该通讯。
unsubscribev.退订
Unsubscribe from unwanted emails.取消订阅不需要的邮件。
registerv.注册
You must register for the course before Friday.你必须在周五前完成选课注册。
sign upv.注册
Sign up for a free account.注册一个免费账户。
sign inv.登录
Sign in with your username and password.使用用户名和密码登录。
sign outv.退出登录
Sign out when you finish.离开你的工作。
verifyv.验证
Verify your email address.验证你的电子邮件地址。
authorizev.授权
Authorize the app to access your data.授权应用访问你的数据。
authenticatev.认证
Authenticate before accessing secure resources.在访问安全资源之前进行身份验证。
encryptv.加密
Encrypt sensitive files before uploading.在上传前加密敏感文件。
securev.保护；使安全
Use a secure connection for online banking.网上银行使用安全连接。
defendv.防御
The lawyer defended her client in court.律师在法庭上为她的当事人辩护。
detectv.检测
Detect intrusions in real time.实时检测入侵。
preventv.防止
Prevent unauthorized access with firewalls.用防火墙防止未经授权的访问。
scanv.扫描
Scan the QR code on the package to track the shipment.扫描包裹上的二维码即可追踪物流。
filterv.过滤
Filter spam emails to your junk folder.将垃圾邮件过滤到垃圾邮件文件夹。
tracev.追踪
Trace the route of a packet.跟踪数据包的路由。
streamv.流式播放
Stream music from the cloud.从云端流式传输音乐。
bufferv.缓冲
Buffer the video to prevent stuttering.缓冲视频以防止卡顿。
mirrorv.镜像
Mirror the website for faster access.镜像网站以便更快访问。
broadcastv.广播
The match was broadcast live on TV.比赛在电视上直播。
linkv.关联；链接
Link the two accounts together.将两个账户链接在一起。

🔟 网络常用形容词与抽象名词（45）

secureadj.安全的
Use a secure connection for online banking.网上银行使用安全连接。
insecureadj.不安全的
An insecure network is vulnerable to attack.不安全的网络容易受到攻击。
privateadj.私密的
Private members are only accessible inside the class.私有成员只能在类内部访问。
publicadj.公共的
Public members are accessible from anywhere.公共成员可以在任何地方访问。
anonymousadj.匿名的
Browse the web anonymously using Tor.使用 Tor 匿名浏览网络。
encryptedadj.加密的
Encrypted traffic protects privacy.加密流量保护隐私。
vulnerableadj.易受攻击的
Old systems are vulnerable to exploits.旧系统容易受到攻击。
suspiciousadj.可疑的
Report suspicious activity to IT.向 IT 部门报告可疑活动。
maliciousadj.恶意的
A malicious link can infect your computer.恶意链接可以感染你的电脑。
harmfuladj.有害的
Avoid harmful downloads from unknown sources.避免从未知来源下载有害文件。
trustedadj.可信的
Only install apps from trusted sources.只从可信来源安装应用。
untrustedadj.不可信的
Untrusted certificates should be rejected.不信任的证书应该被拒绝。
stableadj.稳定的
A stable connection improves user experience.稳定的连接改善用户体验。
unstableadj.不稳定的
An unstable network causes frequent drops.不稳定的网络经常掉线。
high-speedadj.高速的
A high-speed SSD reduces game loading times to almost nothing.高速固态硬盘让游戏加载时间几乎为零。
seamlessadj.无缝的
A seamless handoff keeps your call connected.无缝切换保持通话连接。
ubiquitousadj.无处不在的
Wi-Fi is now ubiquitous in cities.Wi-Fi 在城市里现在无处不在。
pervasiveadj.遍布的
Mobile devices are pervasive in modern life.移动设备在现代生活中无处不在。
globaladj.全球的
The Internet provides global reach.互联网提供全球覆盖。
localadj.本地的
Save the file to your local drive.将文件保存到你的本地驱动器。
remoteadj.远程的
Access the system via remote desktop.通过远程桌面访问系统。
portableadj.便携的
Python code is highly portable.Python 代码具有高度可移植性。
interactiveadj.交互的
An interactive dashboard shows real-time data.交互式仪表板显示实时数据。
dynamicadj.动态的
She has a dynamic personality.她性格充满活力。
staticadj.静态的
A static method belongs to the class, not instances.静态方法属于类，而不是实例。
openadj.开放的
Open the file to view its contents.打开文件以查看其内容。
closedadj.封闭的
A closed system does not allow external integrations.封闭系统不允许外部集成。
premiumadj.高级付费的
Premium users get priority support.付费用户获得优先支持。
safetyn.安全
Online safety is everyone's responsibility.网络安全是每个人的责任。
riskn.风险
Assess the risk before deploying.在部署前评估风险。
protectionn.保护
Use antivirus for basic protection.使用杀毒软件获得基本保护。
preventionn.预防
Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗。
awarenessn.意识
Security awareness training reduces phishing risk.安全意识培训降低网络钓鱼风险。
responsibilityn.责任
Everyone shares responsibility for security.每个人都分担安全责任。
regulationn.监管；条例
Strict regulations govern food safety.严格的法规管理食品安全。
policyn.政策
The new policy will take effect in January.新政策将于一月生效。
guidelinen.指导方针
Follow the security guidelines.遵守安全准则。
standardn.标准
Comply with the industry standard.遵守行业标准。
trendn.趋势
AI is a major trend in tech.人工智能是科技领域的主要趋势。
innovationn.创新
Technological innovation drives economic growth.技术创新推动经济增长。
conveniencen.便利
Mobile payments offer great convenience.移动支付提供了极大的便利。
efficiencyn.效率
Automation improves efficiency.自动化提高了效率。
transparencyn.透明度
Transparency builds user trust.透明度建立用户信任。
trustn.信任
Users need to trust the platform.用户需要信任这个平台。
opportunityn.机遇
Studying abroad offers many opportunities to grow.出国留学提供了许多成长的机会。

🔗 Part 2 核心短语（18 个）

search engine搜索引擎
social media社交媒体
e-commerce platform电子商务平台
online payment在线支付
mobile payment移动支付
local area network (LAN)局域网
wide area network (WAN)广域网
two-factor authentication双重身份验证
data breach数据泄露
network security网络安全
antivirus software杀毒软件
public Wi-Fi公共无线网络
strong password强密码
surf the Internet上网（冲浪）
click on点击
log in to登录（某系统）
protect...from...保护……免受……
prevent...from...防止……（做）……

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（27 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（6 题）

  1. A firewall protects the network from hackers.
  2. Encryption protects data from unauthorized access.
  3. Phishing emails pretend to come from banks or well-known companies.
  4. Please log in with your account and password.
  5. The server handles thousands of requests every second.
  6. 5G makes autonomous driving and smart cities possible.

二、汉译英（6 题）

  1. 网上购物是一种流行的电子商务形式。
  2. 不要在任何网站上泄露你的密码。
  3. 每周备份一次重要文件。
  4. 移动支付改变了中国人的生活方式。
  5. 双重身份验证可以提高账户的安全性。
  6. 请定期升级你的杀毒软件。

三、选词填空（7 题）

词库：bandwidth · backup · privacy · spam · protocol · upgrade · threat
  1. Streaming 4K video requires a lot of .
  2. Always make a before updating the system.
  3. Many users worry about their on social media.
  4. The email filter can block most .
  5. HTTP is the most common on the Web.
  6. We need to the old network equipment.
  7. Computer viruses are a serious to information security.

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 局域网 →
  2. 双重身份验证 →
  3. data breach →
  4. mobile payment →
  5. 保护电脑免受病毒侵害 →
  6. network security →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic How to Protect Personal Privacy Online. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 互联网的发展极大地改变了人们的生活方式。如今，人们可以通过手机购物、支付账单、预订机票，甚至远程看病。移动支付在中国尤其普及，许多人出门已经不带钱包，只带一部手机。然而，网络在带来便利的同时，也带来了安全风险，个人信息泄露和网络诈骗事件时有发生。因此，提高网络安全意识，保护好自己的账户和密码，对每个网民来说都至关重要。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 防火墙保护网络免受黑客攻击。
  2. 加密保护数据免遭未经授权的访问。
  3. 网络钓鱼邮件伪装成来自银行或知名公司。
  4. 请用你的账号和密码登录。
  5. 服务器每秒处理数千个请求。
  6. 5G 使自动驾驶和智慧城市成为可能。

二、汉译英

  1. Online shopping is a popular form of e-commerce.
  2. Do not reveal your password on any website.
  3. Back up important files once a week.
  4. Mobile payment has changed the lifestyle of Chinese people.
  5. Two-factor authentication can improve account security.
  6. Please upgrade your antivirus software regularly.

三、选词填空

  1. bandwidth
  2. backup
  3. privacy
  4. spam
  5. protocol
  6. upgrade
  7. threat

四、短语互译

  1. local area network (LAN)
  2. two-factor authentication
  3. 数据泄露
  4. 移动支付
  5. protect the computer from viruses
  6. 网络安全

五、写作训练（参考范文）

How to Protect Personal Privacy Online

With the rapid development of the Internet, our personal information is more exposed than ever before. Protecting online privacy has become an essential skill for everyone.

There are several practical steps we can take. Firstly, we should use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication for important accounts. Secondly, we had better avoid using public Wi-Fi for online payment, because hackers may steal our data on unsafe networks. Thirdly, we should think twice before sharing personal details, such as our address or ID number, on social media. Finally, updating software and antivirus programs regularly can keep our devices away from malware.

In a word, online privacy protection requires both good habits and constant awareness. Only by staying alert can we enjoy the convenience of the Internet safely.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

The development of the Internet has greatly changed people's way of life. Nowadays, people can shop online, pay bills, book flight tickets, and even consult a doctor remotely through their mobile phones. Mobile payment is especially popular in China, where many people go out without a wallet, carrying only a smartphone. However, while the Internet brings convenience, it also brings security risks. Personal information leaks and online fraud occur from time to time. Therefore, it is essential for every Internet user to raise the awareness of network security and protect their own accounts and passwords.

💪 Part 4 强化训练（13 题）新增 · 网络、通信与安全

一、英译汉（4 题）

  1. A firewall protects the network from unauthorized access.
  2. Never share your password with anyone online.
  3. The company encrypts all sensitive customer data.
  4. Phishing emails often pretend to come from banks.

二、汉译英（4 题）

  1. 定期备份数据可以防止意外丢失。
  2. 这种病毒能在几秒钟内感染整个网络。
  3. 为了保护隐私，请勿在公共无线网络上进行网上银行操作。
  4. 双重认证大大提升了账户的安全性。

三、选词填空（4 题）

词库：vulnerability · authenticate · malicious · bandwidth
  1. Hackers exploited a in the operating system.
  2. Users must their identity before logging in.
  3. The scan detected several programs on the computer.
  4. Streaming 4K video requires a lot of .

四、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 随着互联网的普及，网络安全问题日益突出。病毒、木马和网络钓鱼攻击不仅威胁个人信息安全，还可能给企业造成巨大的经济损失。为了应对这些威胁，专家建议使用强密码、开启双重认证并及时更新软件。同时，提高公众的网络安全意识也至关重要。只有每个人都参与进来，网络空间才能变得更加安全。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 防火墙保护网络免受未经授权的访问。
  2. 绝不要在网上与任何人分享你的密码。
  3. 该公司对所有敏感的客户数据进行加密。
  4. 钓鱼邮件常常伪装成来自银行。

二、汉译英

  1. Backing up data regularly can prevent accidental loss.
  2. This virus can infect the entire network within seconds.
  3. To protect your privacy, do not use online banking on public Wi-Fi networks.
  4. Two-factor authentication greatly improves account security.

三、选词填空

  1. vulnerability
  2. authenticate
  3. malicious
  4. bandwidth

四、长文翻译（参考译文）

With the spread of the Internet, cybersecurity issues have become increasingly prominent. Viruses, trojans and phishing attacks not only threaten the security of personal information, but can also cause huge economic losses to companies. To deal with these threats, experts recommend using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication and updating software in time. Meanwhile, raising public awareness of cybersecurity is also essential. Only when everyone gets involved can cyberspace become safer.

阶段四：电子电路与前沿技术 500 词 · 18 短语 · 40 题

🎯 学习目标：掌握电子电路基础与人工智能、物联网等前沿技术术语，能阅读英文数据手册（datasheet）和科技类文章（对应市面教材 Electronic Circuits / New Technology 等单元）。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1electronics
/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪks/		n.电子学；电子设备He studies electronics at university.他在大学学习电子学。
2electron
/ɪˈlektrɒn/		n.电子An electron carries a negative charge.电子带负电荷。
3electricity
/ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/		n.电；电能Electricity powers our homes.电为我们的家庭供电。
4electric
/ɪˈlektrɪk/		adj.电的；电动的An electric car produces no exhaust.电动汽车不产生尾气。
5electronic
/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/		adj.电子的Electronic devices make life easier.电子设备让生活更便利。
6circuit
/ˈsɜːkɪt/		n.电路；回路The circuit connects the battery and the lamp.电路连接电池和灯泡。
7integrated circuit
(IC)		n.集成电路An integrated circuit contains millions of transistors.集成电路包含数百万个晶体管。
8resistor
/rɪˈzɪstə(r)/		n.电阻器The resistor limits the current.电阻器限制电流。
9resistance
/rɪˈzɪstəns/		n.电阻；阻力；抵抗Copper has low electrical resistance.铜的电阻很低。
10capacitor
/kəˈpæsɪtə(r)/		n.电容器The capacitor stores electric charge.电容器储存电荷。
11inductor
/ɪnˈdʌktə(r)/		n.电感器The inductor stores energy in a magnetic field.电感器在磁场中储存能量。
12transistor
/trænˈzɪstə(r)/		n.晶体管The transistor can amplify signals.晶体管可以放大信号。
13diode
/ˈdaɪəʊd/		n.二极管The diode lets current flow in one direction.二极管让电流单向流动。
14voltage
/ˈvəʊltɪdʒ/		n.电压Measure the voltage across the resistor.测量电阻两端的电压。
15current
/ˈkʌrənt/		n.电流；水流 adj.当前的The current in the circuit is two amperes.电路中的电流是两安培。
16power
/ˈpaʊə(r)/		n.功率；电源；力量The power of the engine is 200 kilowatts.这台发动机的功率是200千瓦。
17watt
/wɒt/		n.瓦特（功率单位）The bulb uses 60 watts of power.这个灯泡的功率是60瓦。
18ampere
/ˈæmpeə(r)/		n.安培（电流单位）The current is measured in amperes.电流以安培为单位测量。
19volt
/vəʊlt/		n.伏特（电压单位）A USB port provides five volts.USB接口提供5伏电压。
20ohm
/əʊm/		n.欧姆（电阻单位）The resistance of the resistor is 100 ohms.这个电阻器的阻值是100欧姆。
21signal
/ˈsɪɡnəl/		n.信号 v.发信号The signal becomes weak in the tunnel.信号在隧道里变弱。
22analog
/ˈænəlɒɡ/		adj.模拟的An analog watch has moving hands.指针式手表有转动的指针。
23digital
/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/		adj.数字的；数码的Digital cameras store photos as data.数码相机把照片存储为数据。
24sensor
/ˈsensə(r)/		n.传感器The sensor detects smoke in the room.传感器检测房间里的烟雾。
25microcontroller
/ˌmaɪkrəʊkənˈtrəʊlə(r)/		n.微控制器；单片机The microcontroller runs the washing machine.微控制器控制洗衣机运行。
26embedded
/ɪmˈbedɪd/		adj.嵌入式的；植入的An embedded system controls the microwave oven.嵌入式系统控制微波炉。
27antenna
/ænˈtenə/		n.天线The antenna receives signals from space.天线接收来自太空的信号。
28frequency
/ˈfriːkwənsi/		n.频率；频繁The radio works at a frequency of 100 MHz.这台收音机工作在100兆赫的频率。
29wavelength
/ˈweɪvleŋθ/		n.波长Different colors of light have different wavelengths.不同颜色的光有不同的波长。
30microwave
/ˈmaɪkrəweɪv/		n.微波；微波炉Microwaves are used in radar and ovens.微波用于雷达和烤箱。
31laser
/ˈleɪzə(r)/		n.激光；激光器The laser printer produces clear text.激光打印机打印出清晰的文字。
32optical fiber
/ˈɒptɪkl ˈfaɪbə(r)/		n.光纤Optical fiber transmits data with light.光纤用光传输数据。
33artificial intelligence
(AI)		n.人工智能Artificial intelligence can translate languages.人工智能可以翻译语言。
34machine learning
(ML)		n.机器学习Machine learning helps predict the weather.机器学习帮助预测天气。
35deep learning
(DL)		n.深度学习Deep learning is used in image recognition.深度学习用于图像识别。
36neural network
/ˈnjʊərəl ˈnetwɜːk/		n.神经网络A neural network learns from examples.神经网络从样本中学习。
37big data
/bɪɡ ˈdeɪtə/		n.大数据Big data helps companies understand customers.大数据帮助公司了解客户。
38cloud computing
/klaʊd kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ/		n.云计算Cloud computing stores data on remote servers.云计算把数据存储在远程服务器上。
39Internet of Things
(IoT)		n.物联网The Internet of Things connects everyday objects.物联网连接日常物品。
40blockchain
/ˈblɒktʃeɪn/		n.区块链Blockchain records transactions securely.区块链安全地记录交易。
41semiconductor
/ˌsemikənˈdʌktə(r)/		n.半导体Silicon is a common semiconductor material.硅是一种常见的半导体材料。
42generator
/ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r)/		n.发电机；发生器The generator provides electricity during blackouts.发电机在停电时提供电力。
43motor
/ˈməʊtə(r)/		n.电动机；马达The motor drives the fan.电动机驱动风扇。
44switch
/swɪtʃ/		n.开关 v.切换Turn off the switch before repairing the circuit.修理电路前先关掉开关。
45transformer
/trænsˈfɔːmə(r)/		n.变压器The transformer changes the voltage.变压器改变电压。
46receiver
/rɪˈsiːvə(r)/		n.接收器；听筒The receiver picks up the signal.接收器接收信号。
47transmitter
/trænzˈmɪtə(r)/		n.发射器；发射机The transmitter sends radio signals.发射器发送无线电信号。
48radar
/ˈreɪdɑː(r)/		n.雷达Radar detects aircraft far away.雷达探测远处的飞机。
49satellite
/ˈsætəlaɪt/		n.卫星Satellites help us forecast the weather.卫星帮助我们预报天气。
50robotics
/rəʊˈbɒtɪks/		n.机器人技术Robotics is a fast-growing field.机器人技术是一个快速发展的领域。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（450 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 元件与器件（45）

componentn.元件；组件
Each printed circuit board contains hundreds of small electronic components.每块印制电路板上都装有数百个小型电子元件。
potentiometern.电位器
Rotate the potentiometer knob to adjust the brightness of the LED.旋转电位器旋钮可以调节LED灯的亮度。
rheostatn.变阻器
A rheostat limits the current through the motor during start-up.变阻器在启动时限制通过电动机的电流。
thermistorn.热敏电阻
The thermistor changes its resistance as the temperature rises.热敏电阻的阻值随温度升高而变化。
varistorn.压敏电阻
A varistor clamps sudden voltage spikes and protects the circuit.压敏电阻能钳制突发电压尖峰，从而保护电路。
fusen.保险丝
The fuse melts and breaks the circuit when the current exceeds the rating.当电流超过额定值时，保险丝熔断并切断电路。
relayn.继电器
The relay uses a small current to control a much larger one.继电器利用小电流去控制大得多的电流。
buttonn.按钮
Press the start button to power on the entire device.按下启动按钮即可为整机通电。
knobn.旋钮
Turn the volume knob to adjust the loudspeaker output level.转动音量旋钮可以调节扬声器的输出大小。
LEDn.发光二极管
The red LED lights up immediately when the switch is closed.开关闭合后，红色LED立即点亮。
photodioden.光电二极管
The photodiode converts incoming light into a small electrical current.光电二极管把入射光转换成微弱电流。
zener dioden.稳压二极管
A zener diode holds a stable reference voltage across the load.稳压二极管使负载两端保持稳定的参考电压。
thyristorn.晶闸管
A thyristor controls large currents with a small gate signal.晶闸管通过微小的栅极信号控制大电流。
MOSFETn.场效应管
The MOSFET switches power efficiently in the DC motor driver board.场效应管在直流电机驱动板上高效地切换功率。
op-ampn.运算放大器
An op-amp amplifies the voltage difference between its two inputs.运算放大器放大两个输入端之间的电压差。
amplifiern.放大器
The audio amplifier drives the speaker with a much stronger signal.音频放大器用更强的信号驱动扬声器。
oscillatorn.振荡器
The oscillator generates a stable clock signal for the microcontroller.振荡器为单片机提供稳定的时钟信号。
crystal oscillatorn.晶体振荡器
A crystal oscillator provides accurate timing in digital watches.晶体振荡器为数字手表提供精确的时钟。
resonatorn.谐振器
The microwave resonator stores energy at one specific resonant frequency.微波谐振器在特定谐振频率下储存能量。
filtern.滤波器
Filter spam emails to your junk folder.将垃圾邮件过滤到垃圾邮件文件夹。
rectifiern.整流器
A bridge rectifier converts AC mains supply into DC current.桥式整流器把交流市电转换成直流电。
invertern.逆变器
The inverter converts the DC battery voltage into 220 volt AC.逆变器把直流电池电压转换为220伏交流电。
convertern.转换器
A DC-DC converter steps the voltage down from 12 V to 5 V.直流-直流转换器把电压从12伏降到5伏。
regulatorn.稳压器
The voltage regulator keeps the output stable despite input changes.即使输入电压波动，稳压器仍能保持输出稳定。
solenoidn.螺线管
The solenoid converts electrical energy into linear mechanical motion.螺线管把电能转换为直线机械运动。
coiln.线圈
Many turns of insulated copper wire form the primary coil of the transformer.多匝绝缘铜线构成了变压器的一次绕组。
windingn.绕组
Each winding of the transformer has a precise number of turns.变压器的每一组绕组都有精确的匝数。
magnetn.磁铁
A permanent magnet is fixed inside the small DC motor.永磁体固定在小型直流电动机的内部。
electromagnetn.电磁铁
An electromagnet becomes magnetic only when current flows through it.电磁铁只有通电时才具有磁性。
conductorn.导体
Copper is widely used as a conductor because of its low resistance.铜因电阻低而被广泛用作导体。
insulatorn.绝缘体
Rubber is a common insulator used to coat household electrical wires.橡胶是包覆家用导线的常见绝缘体。
dielectricn.电介质
The dielectric material determines the capacitance value of the capacitor.电介质材料决定电容器电容值的大小。
superconductorn.超导体
A superconductor loses all electrical resistance below its critical temperature.超导体在低于临界温度时电阻完全消失。
siliconn.硅
Pure silicon is the base material for most modern integrated circuits.纯硅是大多数现代集成电路的基底材料。
germaniumn.锗
Germanium was used in the earliest transistors before silicon took over.锗曾用于最早的晶体管，后来被硅取代。
dopingn.掺杂
Doping silicon with phosphorus greatly increases its electrical conductivity.用磷掺杂硅能显著提高其导电性。
PN junctionn.PN结
A PN junction allows electric current to flow in only one direction.PN结只允许电流沿一个方向流动。
cathoden.阴极
Electrons leave the cathode and travel toward the anode inside the diode.在二极管内部，电子从阴极出发移向阳极。
anoden.阳极
In a discharging battery, the anode is the negative terminal.电池放电时，阳极是负极接线柱。
electroden.电极
Each electrode is connected to the external circuit through a metal wire.每个电极都通过金属导线连接到外部电路。
terminaln.端子；接线柱
Please arrive at the terminal an hour early.请提前一小时到达航站楼。
pinn.引脚
Each pin of the chip carries one input or output signal.芯片的每个引脚传输一路输入或输出信号。
socketn.插座；插槽；💻 网络编程：套接字
plugn.插头
Insert the plug firmly into the wall socket before turning on the device.开启设备前，先把插头牢固地插入墙壁插座。
connectorn.连接器
Use the correct connector type when you replace the broken power cable.更换损坏的电源线时，务必使用对应型号的连接器。

2️⃣ 电路分析与定律（45）

Kirchhoff's lawn.基尔霍夫定律
Kirchhoff's current law governs the currents at any node in the network.基尔霍夫定律支配着网络中任一节点处的电流分配。
seriesn.串联
The series will return for a second season.这部剧将回归第二季。
paralleln.并联
Parallel execution uses multiple CPUs.并行执行使用多个 CPU。
series circuitn.串联电路
In a series circuit, the same current flows through every component.在串联电路中，相同电流依次流过每个元件。
parallel circuitn.并联电路
In a parallel circuit, each branch sees the same supply voltage.在并联电路中，每条支路两端的电压相同。
open circuitn.开路
An open circuit stops current flow completely, much like a broken wire.开路会完全阻断电流，相当于一根断开的导线。
closed circuitn.闭合电路
A closed circuit allows current to flow continuously around the loop.闭合电路允许电流在回路中持续流动。
loadn.负载
The motor is connected as the load across the DC power supply.电动机作为负载接在直流电源两端。
sourcen.电源；信号源
The signal source provides a clean sine wave for laboratory testing.信号源为实验室测试提供纯净的正弦波。
groundn.地；接地
Always connect the metal chassis to ground for safety reasons.为安全起见，务必把金属机箱接地。
groundingn.接地
Proper grounding prevents electric shock from household appliances.正确的接地可防止家用电器发生触电事故。
polarityn.极性
Check the polarity of the battery before installing it in the device.把电池装入设备前，请先确认其正负极性。
positive polen.正极
Connect the red wire to the positive pole of the battery.把红线接到电池的正极。
negative polen.负极
Electrons leave the negative pole and flow through the external circuit.电子从负极流出，经外电路回到正极。
electric fieldn.电场
A changing electric field induces a magnetic field around it.变化的电场会在其周围感应出磁场。
magnetic fieldn.磁场
The magnetic field around a straight wire forms concentric circles.直导线周围的磁场形成一圈圈同心圆。
electromagneticadj.电磁的
Electromagnetic waves carry energy through space at the speed of light.电磁波以光速在空间中传递能量。
chargen./v.电荷；充电
Static charge can build up on a dry winter afternoon.在干燥的冬日下午，静电荷容易在身体上积累。
dischargev./n.放电
The capacitor will discharge through the resistor in just a few seconds.电容器会在几秒内通过电阻放掉所储的电荷。
capacitancen.电容
The capacitance of the capacitor is measured in farads.电容器的电容值用法拉作为单位来测量。
inductancen.电感
The coil inductance depends directly on its number of turns.线圈的电感大小与其匝数直接相关。
impedancen.阻抗
Match the speaker impedance to the amplifier for the best sound quality.为获得最佳音质，应使音箱与放大器的阻抗相匹配。
reactancen.电抗
Inductive reactance increases as the signal frequency goes higher.感抗随信号频率升高而增大。
conductancen.电导
A thicker copper wire has higher conductance and less voltage drop.更粗的铜导线电导更大，压降更小。
conductivityn.电导率
Copper has one of the highest electrical conductivities among common metals.铜是常见金属中导电率最高的之一。
resistivityn.电阻率
Resistivity is an intrinsic physical property of every material.电阻率是每种材料固有的物理属性。
fluxn.磁通量
Magnetic flux density is measured in teslas in the SI system.在国际单位制中，磁通量密度的单位是特斯拉。
induced currentn.感应电流
Moving a magnet near the coil produces an induced current in it.在线圈附近移动磁铁时，线圈中会产生感应电流。
electromotive forcen.电动势
The battery electromotive force drives current through the external circuit.电池的电动势驱动电流流过外部电路。
potential differencen.电势差
A potential difference of five volts appears across the resistor.电阻两端出现了5伏的电势差。
power consumptionn.功耗
Reducing power consumption extends the battery life of mobile devices.降低功耗能延长移动设备的电池使用时间。
power supplyn.电源
The lab power supply provides adjustable DC voltage up to thirty volts.这台实验电源可输出最高30伏的可调直流电压。
batteryn.电池
Recharge the battery as soon as it drops below twenty percent.电池电量低于20%时就应该尽快充电。
dry celln.干电池
A dry cell is commonly used in flashlights and small remote controls.干电池常用于手电筒和小型遥控器。
lithium batteryn.锂电池
Lithium batteries power most modern smartphones and laptop computers.锂电池为大多数现代智能手机和笔记本电脑供电。
rechargeableadj.可充电的
Rechargeable AA batteries can be reused several hundred times.可充电的5号电池可以反复使用数百次。
chargern.充电器
Leave the phone charger plugged in overnight to fully refill the battery.把手机充电器整夜插在插座上即可把电池充满。
power adaptern.电源适配器
Always use the original power adapter to avoid damaging the laptop.请使用原装电源适配器，以免损坏笔记本电脑。
multimetern.万用表
Set the multimeter to DC voltage before measuring the battery.测量电池前，应先把万用表调到直流电压挡。
oscilloscopen.示波器
The engineer checked the waveform on the oscilloscope display.工程师在示波器屏幕上观察了波形。
ammetern.电流表
Connect the ammeter in series with the load to read the current.把电流表与负载串联起来，以读取电路电流。
voltmetern.电压表
Connect the voltmeter in parallel across the resistor terminals.把电压表并联接到电阻的两个接线端上。
measurementn.测量
Accurate measurement requires calibrated instruments in the laboratory.精确的测量离不开实验室里经过校准的仪器。
accuracyn.精确度
A higher accuracy instrument gives readings much closer to the true value.精度更高的仪器，测得的数值更接近真实值。
precisionn.精密度
The precision of the multimeter is listed clearly in its datasheet.万用表的精密度在数据手册里清楚地标了出来。

3️⃣ 模拟与数字电路（45）

analog signaln.模拟信号
An analog signal varies continuously.模拟信号连续变化。
digital signaln.数字信号
A digital signal uses discrete values.数字信号使用离散值。
amplituden.振幅
Amplitude measures signal strength.幅度衡量信号强度。
phasen.相位
Phase describes the position in a cycle.相位描述周期中的位置。
waveformn.波形
A waveform shows signal variation over time.波形显示信号随时间的变化。
sine waven.正弦波
A sine wave is a basic waveform.正弦波是一种基本波形。
square waven.方波
A square wave alternates between two levels.方波在两个电平之间交替。
pulsen.脉冲
A pulse represents a short burst of signal.脉冲表示短暂的信号爆发。
periodn.周期
The period is the duration of one cycle.周期是一个循环的持续时间。
hertzn.赫兹
Hertz is the unit used to measure cycles per second.赫兹是每秒周期数的单位。
kilohertzn.千赫
Audio signals range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.音频信号范围从 20 赫兹到 20 千赫兹。
megahertzn.兆赫
FM radio uses frequencies around 100 megahertz.FM 广播使用约 100 兆赫兹的频率。
gigahertzn.吉赫
Wi-Fi operates in the gigahertz range.Wi-Fi 在千兆赫兹频段工作。
amplitude modulationn.调幅
Amplitude modulation encodes data in the signal strength.调幅将数据编码在信号强度中。
frequency modulationn.调频
Frequency modulation is more resistant to noise.调频对噪声更具抵抗力。
distortionn.失真
Distortion changes the original waveform.失真改变原始波形。
noisen.噪声
Noise degrades signal quality.噪声会降低信号质量。
interferencen.干扰
Interference comes from other signals.干扰来自其他信号。
attenuationn.衰减
Attenuation reduces signal strength over distance.衰减会随距离削弱信号强度。
gainn.增益
An amplifier provides gain.放大器提供增益。
decibeln.分贝
Decibels measure signal level on a log scale.分贝以对数刻度衡量信号电平。
resonancen.谐振
Resonance occurs at the natural frequency.共振发生在固有频率处。
harmonicn.谐波
A harmonic is a multiple of the fundamental frequency.谐波是基频的倍数。
logic gaten.逻辑门
A single logic gate can compute AND, OR or NOT on two input bits.一个逻辑门即可对两个输入位执行与、或、非运算。
AND gaten.与门
An AND gate outputs true only when all inputs are true.与门仅在所有输入都为真时输出真。
OR gaten.或门
An OR gate outputs true when any input is true.或门在任意输入为真时输出真。
NOT gaten.非门
A NOT gate inverts the input signal.非门将输入信号取反。
NAND gaten.与非门
A NAND gate is an AND followed by a NOT.与非门是与门后接非门。
NOR gaten.或非门
A NOR gate is an OR followed by a NOT.或非门是或门后接非门。
XOR gaten.异或门
An XOR gate outputs true when inputs differ.异或门在输入不同时输出真。
flip-flopn.触发器
A flip-flop stores one bit of data.触发器存储一位数据。
latchn.锁存器
A latch is a simple memory element.锁存器是简单的存储元件。
shift registern.移位寄存器
A shift register moves data on each clock pulse.移位寄存器在每个时钟脉冲上移动数据。
countern.计数器
A binary counter records how many clock pulses it has received.二进制计数器累计它接收到的时钟脉冲数。
timern.定时器
A timer generates precise time delays.定时器生成精确的时间延迟。
clock cyclen.时钟周期
A clock cycle is the smallest unit of time the CPU understands.时钟周期是 CPU 识别的最小时间单位。
Boolean algebran.布尔代数
Boolean algebra simplifies digital circuits.布尔代数简化数字电路。
truth tablen.真值表
A truth table lists every possible input and output of a logic gate.真值表列出逻辑门所有可能的输入与对应输出。
combinational logicn.组合逻辑
Combinational logic depends only on current inputs.组合逻辑只取决于当前输入。
sequential logicn.时序逻辑
Sequential logic depends on current and past inputs.时序逻辑取决于当前和过去的输入。
finite state machinen.有限状态机
A finite state machine has a fixed number of states.有限状态机具有固定数量的状态。
analog-to-digital convertern.模数转换器
An ADC converts analog to digital.模数转换器将模拟信号转换为数字信号。
digital-to-analog convertern.数模转换器
A DAC converts digital to analog.数模转换器将数字信号转换为模拟信号。
samplingn.采样
Sampling captures signal values at regular intervals.采样以固定间隔捕获信号值。
quantizationn.量化
Quantization maps continuous values to discrete levels.量化将连续值映射到离散电平。

4️⃣ 印制电路板与制造（45）

printed circuit boardn.印制电路板
A PCB connects electronic components.印制电路板连接电子元件。
PCB layoutn.电路板布局
Good PCB layout minimizes noise and interference.好的 PCB 布局可以最小化噪声和干扰。
schematicn.原理图
A schematic shows circuit connections.原理图显示电路连接。
wiring diagramn.接线图
Follow the wiring diagram during installation.安装时遵循接线图。
soldern./v.焊料；焊接
Solder the pins carefully.小心地焊接引脚。
soldering ironn.电烙铁
Use a soldering iron for through-hole components.使用烙铁处理通孔元件。
weldv.焊接
Weld the metal parts together firmly.将金属部件牢固地焊接在一起。
jointn.焊点；接头
A strong joint ensures reliable connection.坚固的接头确保可靠的连接。
padn.焊盘
Solder the component lead onto the matching pad on the PCB.把元件引脚焊到 PCB 上对应的焊盘。
copper tracen.铜箔走线
A copper trace carries signals on a PCB.铜走线在 PCB 上传输信号。
vian.过孔
A via connects traces between PCB layers.过孔连接 PCB 各层之间的走线。
drillingn.钻孔
Drilling creates holes for through-hole pins.钻孔为通孔引脚开孔。
etchingn.蚀刻
Etching removes unwanted copper from the board.蚀刻从板上移除多余的铜。
laminationn.层压
Lamination bonds PCB layers together.层压将 PCB 各层粘合在一起。
substraten.基板
The substrate is the base material of a PCB.基板是 PCB 的基础材料。
copper foiln.铜箔
Copper foil forms the conductive layers.铜箔形成导电层。
silkscreenn.丝印层
The silkscreen labels components on a PCB.丝印在 PCB 上标记元件。
solder maskn.阻焊层
The solder mask prevents bridges between pads.阻焊层防止焊盘之间形成桥接。
surface mountn.表面贴装
Surface mount components save board space.贴片元件节省电路板空间。
through-holen.通孔插装
Through-hole components are stronger mechanically.通孔元件在机械上更牢固。
packagen.封装
A package groups related classes together.包将相关的类组织在一起。
ball grid arrayn.球栅阵列封装
A BGA package uses solder balls for connections.BGA 封装使用焊球进行连接。
dual in-line packagen.双列直插封装
A DIP has two rows of pins.DIP 有两排引脚。
breadboardn.面包板
A breadboard lets you prototype without soldering.面包板可以让你无需焊接就制作原型。
prototypen.原型
Build a prototype before mass production.在大规模生产前先做一个原型。
assemblyn.组装
The final assembly stage packs the finished product.最后的组装阶段包装成品。
fabricationn.制造
Chip fabrication takes place in clean rooms measured by particle count.芯片制造在按颗粒度严格分级的洁净室中进行。
wafern.晶圆
Hundreds of chips are carved from a single silicon wafer.一片硅晶圆可以被切割成数百枚芯片。
lithographyn.光刻
Lithography uses extreme ultraviolet light to print tiny circuit patterns.光刻工艺用极紫外光在晶圆上刻画极精细的电路图案。
cleanroomn.无尘室
Chip manufacturing requires a cleanroom.芯片制造需要无尘室。
yieldn.良率；产量
The generator yields the next value on demand.生成器按需产出下一个值。
defectn.缺陷
A defect must be repaired before shipment.缺陷必须在发货前修复。
tolerancen.公差
Strict tolerance is required for precision parts.精密零件需要严格的公差。
calibrationn.校准
Calibration ensures accurate measurements.校准确保准确的测量。
inspectionn.检验
Final inspection checks product quality.最终检验检查产品质量。
quality controln.质量控制
Quality control reduces defects.质量控制减少缺陷。
mass productionn.批量生产
Mass production lowers per-unit cost.大规模生产降低了单位成本。
production linen.生产线
A production line automates assembly.生产线自动完成装配。
assembly linen.流水线
Workers move along the assembly line.工人们沿着装配线移动。
robotic armn.机械臂
A robotic arm places components precisely.机械臂精确地放置元件。
pick and placen.贴片
Pick and place machines mount SMD components.贴片机贴装贴片元件。
reflow solderingn.回流焊
Reflow soldering melts solder paste.回流焊熔化焊膏。
wave solderingn.波峰焊
Wave soldering is used for through-hole boards.波峰焊用于通孔板。
burn-in testn.老化测试
A burn-in test detects early failures.老化测试检测早期故障。
troubleshootingn.故障排查
Troubleshooting finds the root cause of failure.故障排除找出故障的根本原因。

5️⃣ 电力与能源（45）

power plantn.发电厂
A power plant generates electricity.发电厂发电。
power stationn.电站
A power station supplies electricity to the grid.电站向电网供电。
thermal powern.火力发电
Thermal power burns fuel to generate electricity.火电燃烧燃料发电。
hydroelectric powern.水力发电
Hydroelectric power uses flowing water.水电利用水流。
nuclear powern.核能发电
Nuclear power provides baseload electricity.核电提供基荷电力。
wind powern.风力发电
Wind power is a renewable energy source.风能是一种可再生能源。
solar powern.太阳能发电
Solar power converts sunlight into electricity.太阳能将阳光转化为电力。
solar paneln.太阳能电池板
A solar panel generates electricity from sunlight.太阳能电池板利用阳光发电。
photovoltaicadj.光伏的
Photovoltaic cells convert light into electricity.光伏电池将光转换为电。
wind turbinen.风力涡轮机
A wind turbine converts wind into electricity.风力涡轮机将风转化为电。
tidal energyn.潮汐能
Tidal energy harnesses ocean tides.潮汐能利用海洋潮汐。
geothermal energyn.地热能
Geothermal energy uses heat from the earth.地热能利用地球内部的热量。
biomassn.生物质能
Biomass is organic material used as fuel.生物质是作为燃料使用的有机材料。
renewable energyn.可再生能源
Renewable energy sources are sustainable.可再生能源是可持续的。
fossil fueln.化石燃料
Fossil fuels release carbon when burned.化石燃料燃烧时会释放碳。
coaln.煤
Coal is a major fossil fuel.煤是主要的化石燃料。
petroleumn.石油
Petroleum is refined into gasoline.石油被精炼成汽油。
natural gasn.天然气
Natural gas is a cleaner fossil fuel.天然气是一种更清洁的化石燃料。
carbon emissionn.碳排放
Reduce carbon emissions to fight climate change.减少碳排放以应对气候变化。
carbon neutraladj.碳中和的
A carbon-neutral company offsets all emissions.碳中和公司抵消所有排放。
energy efficiencyn.能效
Energy efficiency is one reason laptops last longer on a single charge.能效高是笔记本续航更久的部分原因。
energy storagen.储能
Energy storage smooths out renewable supply.储能平衡可再生能源的供应。
power gridn.电网
The power grid distributes electricity nationwide.电网在全国范围内分配电力。
smart metern.智能电表
A smart meter reports usage in real time.智能电表实时报告用电情况。
transmission linen.输电线
High-voltage transmission lines carry electricity long distances.高压输电线长距离输电。
high voltagen.高压
High voltage is used for efficient long-distance transmission.高压用于高效的长距离输电。
low voltagen.低压
Low voltage is used in homes and offices.低压用于家庭和办公室。
substationn.变电站
A substation steps voltage up or down.变电站升高或降低电压。
power distributionn.配电
Power distribution delivers electricity to consumers.配电将电力输送给消费者。
blackoutn.停电
A blackout affects a wide area.停电影响大范围区域。
power outagen.断电
A power outage disrupts daily life.停电扰乱日常生活。
surgen.浪涌
A power surge can damage electronics.电涌会损坏电子设备。
lightningn.闪电
Lightning struck the old oak tree.闪电击中了这棵老橡树。
insulationn.绝缘
Insulation prevents electric shock.绝缘防止触电。
overloadn./v.过载
You can overload a method with different parameters.可以用不同的参数重载一个方法。
circuit breakern.断路器
A circuit breaker protects against overloads.断路器防止过载。
switchgearn.开关设备
Switchgear controls electrical equipment.开关设备控制电气设备。
induction motorn.感应电动机
An induction motor is widely used in industry.感应电机在工业中广泛使用。
UPSn.不间断电源
A UPS keeps the server running for a few minutes after a power cut.断电后，UPS 可以让服务器继续运行几分钟。
power electronicsn.电力电子学
Power electronics handle high-power conversion.电力电子处理大功率转换。
kilowattn.千瓦
A kilowatt is 1000 watts.千瓦等于 1000 瓦。
megawattn.兆瓦
A wind farm can produce hundreds of megawatts.一个风电场可以产生数百兆瓦的电力。
kilowatt-hourn.千瓦时（度）
A kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy.千瓦时是能量的单位。
energy consumptionn.能耗
Reduce energy consumption to save money.减少能源消耗以省钱。
power factorn.功率因数
Power factor measures how effectively power is used.功率因数衡量电力的有效利用程度。

6️⃣ 光电子与显示技术（45）

optoelectronicsn.光电子学
Optoelectronics deals with light-based devices.光电子学处理基于光的器件。
photonicsn.光子学
Photonics uses photons to transmit information.光子学使用光子传输信息。
photonn.光子
A photon is a particle of light.光子是光的粒子。
infraredn./adj.红外线（的）
Infrared light is used in remote controls.红外光用于遥控器。
ultravioletn./adj.紫外线（的）
Ultraviolet light can sterilize surfaces.紫外光可以消毒表面。
visible lightn.可见光
Visible light spans 400 to 700 nm.可见光波长范围为 400 到 700 纳米。
optical lensn.光学透镜
An optical lens focuses light.光学透镜聚焦光线。
prismn.棱镜
A prism splits white light into colors.棱镜将白光分解成各种颜色。
reflectionn.反射
Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface.反射发生在光从表面反弹时。
refractionn.折射
Refraction bends light as it enters a new medium.折射在光进入新介质时使其弯曲。
diffractionn.衍射
Diffraction spreads light through small openings.衍射使光通过小孔扩散。
polarizationn.偏振
Polarization filters light waves.偏振过滤光波。
hologramn.全息图
A hologram records three-dimensional images.全息图记录三维图像。
holographyn.全息摄影
Holography creates 3D images using interference.全息术利用干涉创建 3D 图像。
laser dioden.激光二极管
A laser diode emits coherent light.激光二极管发射相干光。
optical amplifiern.光放大器
An optical amplifier boosts light signals.光放大器增强光信号。
optical switchn.光开关
An optical switch routes light signals.光开关路由光信号。
photodetectorn.光电探测器
A photodetector converts light to electricity.光电检测器将光转换为电。
CCDn.电荷耦合器件
A CCD captures images in digital cameras.CCD 在数码相机中捕获图像。
image sensorn.图像传感器
An image sensor converts light into digital pixels.图像传感器将光转换为数字像素。
night visionn.夜视
Night vision lets you see in the dark.夜视让你在黑暗中看见。
thermal imagingn.热成像
Thermal imaging detects heat signatures.热成像检测热特征。
X-rayn.X射线
X-rays reveal bones inside the body.X 射线显示体内的骨骼。
gamma rayn.伽马射线
Gamma rays have very high energy.伽马射线具有非常高的能量。
radiationn.辐射
Radiation can be harmful in large doses.大剂量辐射可能有害。
radioactiveadj.放射性的
Radioactive materials must be handled carefully.放射性材料必须小心处理。
isotopen.同位素
An isotope has a different number of neutrons.同位素的中子数不同。
radiotherapyn.放射治疗
Radiotherapy treats cancer with radiation.放射治疗用辐射治疗癌症。
MRIn.磁共振成像
MRI produces detailed images of organs.磁共振成像产生器官的详细图像。
CT scann.CT扫描
A CT scan creates cross-sectional images.CT 扫描生成横截面图像。
ultrasoundn.超声波
Ultrasound is used in prenatal imaging.超声用于产前成像。
acousticadj.声学的
Acoustic sensors detect sound waves.声学传感器检测声波。
echon.回声
An echo is a reflected sound wave.回声是反射的声波。
vibrationn.振动
Vibration can indicate a mechanical problem.振动可能表明机械问题。
oscillationn.振荡
Oscillation is repeated back-and-forth motion.振荡是反复的往复运动。
dampingn.阻尼
Damping reduces oscillation amplitude.阻尼减小振荡幅度。
luminescencen.发光
Luminescence is light emission not caused by heat.发光不是由热量引起的光发射。
fluorescencen.荧光
Fluorescence glows under UV light.荧光在紫外线下发光。
phosphorescencen.磷光
Phosphorescence continues glowing after light is removed.磷光在光源移除后继续发光。
brightnessn.亮度
Lower the screen brightness at night to reduce eye strain.夜间降低屏幕亮度，可以减轻眼睛疲劳。
contrastn.对比度
High contrast makes text on a slide easier to read from far away.高对比度让幻灯片上的文字从远处也清晰可读。
illuminationn.照明
Good illumination is essential for safety.良好的照明对安全至关重要。
beamn.光束
A beam of light shone through the window.一束光透过窗户照进来。
spotlightn.聚光灯
The spotlight illuminated the stage.聚光灯照亮了舞台。
LCDn.液晶显示器
An LCD uses a backlight behind liquid crystal layers to produce images.LCD 通过液晶层后的背光源来产生图像。

7️⃣ 人工智能深入（45）

AI modeln.人工智能模型
An AI model learns patterns from data.AI 模型从数据中学习模式。
training datan.训练数据
Good training data improves model accuracy.好的训练数据提高模型准确性。
datasetn.数据集
A large dataset is needed for deep learning.深度学习需要大型数据集。
data labelingn.数据标注
Data labeling is critical for supervised learning.数据标注对监督学习至关重要。
supervised learningn.监督学习
Supervised learning uses labeled data.监督学习使用标记的数据。
unsupervised learningn.无监督学习
Unsupervised learning finds patterns without labels.无监督学习在没有标签的情况下寻找模式。
reinforcement learningn.强化学习
Reinforcement learning learns by trial and error.强化学习通过试错来学习。
transfer learningn.迁移学习
Transfer learning reuses models for related tasks.迁移学习为相关任务重用模型。
natural language processingn.自然语言处理
NLP powers chatbots and translators.自然语言处理支持聊天机器人和翻译器。
computer visionn.计算机视觉
Computer vision recognizes objects in images.计算机视觉识别图像中的物体。
image recognitionn.图像识别
Image recognition identifies objects or faces.图像识别识别物体或人脸。
object detectionn.目标检测
Object detection locates and labels items in a photo.目标检测在照片中定位并标记物品。
speech synthesisn.语音合成
Speech synthesis converts text to spoken voice.语音合成将文本转换为口语。
voiceprintn.声纹
Voiceprint authentication uses voice patterns.声纹身份验证使用声音模式。
sentiment analysisn.情感分析
Sentiment analysis detects opinions in text.情感分析检测文本中的观点。
recommendation enginen.推荐引擎
A recommendation engine suggests products.推荐引擎推荐产品。
expert systemn.专家系统
An expert system mimics human expertise.专家系统模仿人类专业知识。
knowledge graphn.知识图谱
A knowledge graph represents relationships between entities.知识图谱表示实体之间的关系。
decision treen.决策树
A decision tree classifies data based on rules.决策树根据规则对数据进行分类。
random forestn.随机森林
A random forest combines many decision trees.随机森林结合许多决策树。
support vector machinen.支持向量机
An SVM finds the best boundary between categories.支持向量机找到类别之间的最佳边界。
clusteringn.聚类
Clustering groups similar items together.聚类将相似项目分组在一起。
classificationn.分类
Classification assigns labels to data.分类为数据分配标签。
regressionn.回归
Regression predicts continuous values.回归预测连续值。
overfittingn.过拟合
Overfitting occurs when a model memorizes training data.当模型记住训练数据时发生过拟合。
underfittingn.欠拟合
Underfitting means the model is too simple.欠拟合意味着模型过于简单。
parametern.参数
A parameter is a variable learned during training.参数是训练期间学习的变量。
hyperparametern.超参数
A hyperparameter is set before training.超参数在训练前设置。
weightn.权重
A weight controls how important an input is.权重控制输入的重要程度。
biasn.偏置；偏见
Bias allows the model to fit data that does not pass through the origin.偏置允许模型拟合不通过原点的数据。
activation functionn.激活函数
An activation function adds nonlinearity to a network.激活函数为网络增加非线性。
loss functionn.损失函数
A loss function measures prediction error.损失函数衡量预测误差。
gradient descentn.梯度下降
Gradient descent optimizes model weights.梯度下降优化模型权重。
backpropagationn.反向传播
Backpropagation computes gradients efficiently.反向传播高效计算梯度。
epochn.训练轮次
An epoch is one pass through the training data.epoch 是对训练数据的一次完整遍历。
batchn.批次
A batch is a subset of training data.批次是训练数据的一个子集。
inferencen.推理
Inference makes predictions on new data.推理对新数据进行预测。
predictionn.预测
The model outputs a prediction for each input.模型为每个输入输出预测。
accuracy raten.准确率
The accuracy rate measures correct predictions.准确率衡量正确预测。
large language modeln.大语言模型
A large language model can generate text.大型语言模型可以生成文本。
generative AIn.生成式人工智能
Generative AI creates new content.生成式 AI 创建新内容。
promptn.提示词
A good prompt leads to a better AI response.好的提示会带来更好的 AI 回应。
Turing testn.图灵测试
The Turing test checks if a machine seems human.图灵测试检查机器是否显得像人类。
humanoid robotn.人形机器人
A humanoid robot resembles the human body.人形机器人模仿人体。
autonomous systemn.自主系统
An autonomous system operates without human input.自治系统无需人工操作。

8️⃣ 前沿科技（45）

quantum computingn.量子计算
Quantum computing uses quantum bits for computation.量子计算使用量子比特进行计算。
quantum bitn.量子比特
A quantum bit can be 0 and 1 at the same time.量子比特可以同时是 0 和 1。
superpositionn.叠加态
Superposition is a quantum state of multiple possibilities.叠加是多种可能性的量子态。
quantum communicationn.量子通信
Quantum communication enables secure transmission.量子通信实现安全传输。
nanotechnologyn.纳米技术
Nanotechnology works at the atomic scale.纳米技术在原子尺度上工作。
nanomaterialn.纳米材料
A nanomaterial has unique properties at small scales.纳米材料在小尺度下具有独特性质。
graphenen.石墨烯
Graphene is a one-atom-thick carbon layer.石墨烯是单原子厚的碳层。
carbon nanotuben.碳纳米管
Carbon nanotubes are strong and conductive.碳纳米管既坚固又导电。
biotechnologyn.生物技术
Biotechnology applies biology to technology.生物技术将生物学应用于技术。
gene editingn.基因编辑
Gene editing modifies DNA precisely.基因编辑精确修改 DNA。
DNA sequencingn.DNA测序
DNA sequencing reads the genetic code.DNA 测序读取遗传密码。
cloningn.克隆
Cloning creates a genetic copy.克隆创造一个基因副本。
stem celln.干细胞
A stem cell can develop into many cell types.干细胞可以发育成多种细胞类型。
3D printingn.3D打印
3D printing builds objects layer by layer.3D 打印逐层构建物体。
additive manufacturingn.增材制造
Additive manufacturing reduces material waste.增材制造减少材料浪费。
virtual realityn.虚拟现实
Virtual reality creates immersive simulations.虚拟现实创造沉浸式模拟。
augmented realityn.增强现实
Augmented reality overlays digital content on the real world.增强现实将数字内容叠加在现实世界上。
mixed realityn.混合现实
Mixed reality blends real and virtual worlds.混合现实融合了真实世界和虚拟世界。
brain-computer interfacen.脑机接口
A BCI allows direct brain control of devices.脑机接口允许直接用大脑控制设备。
exoskeletonn.外骨骼
An exoskeleton assists human movement.外骨骼辅助人类运动。
unmanned aerial vehiclen.无人机
A UAV is commonly called a drone.无人机通常称为 drone。
spacecraftn.航天器
A spacecraft travels beyond Earth's atmosphere.航天器在地球大气层之外飞行。
space stationn.空间站
Astronauts live aboard a space station.宇航员在国际空间站上生活。
rocketn.火箭
A rocket launches satellites into orbit.火箭将卫星送入轨道。
Mars rovern.火星车
A Mars rover explores the surface of Mars.火星车探索火星表面。
deep spacen.深空
Deep space missions target beyond our solar system.深空任务的目标超出我们的太阳系。
BeiDou systemn.北斗系统
The BeiDou system is China's satellite navigation system.北斗系统是中国的卫星导航系统。
high-speed railn.高速铁路
High-speed rail connects cities quickly.高铁快速连接城市。
maglev trainn.磁悬浮列车
A maglev train uses magnetic levitation.磁悬浮列车使用磁悬浮技术。
hyperloopn.超级高铁
Hyperloop uses low-pressure tubes for transport.超级高铁使用低压管道进行运输。
electric vehiclen.电动汽车
An electric vehicle runs on battery power.电动汽车依靠电池动力运行。
charging pilen.充电桩
A charging pile recharges electric vehicles.充电桩为电动汽车充电。
hydrogen energyn.氢能
Hydrogen energy produces only water when used.氢能使用时只产生水。
fuel celln.燃料电池
A fuel cell converts hydrogen into electricity.燃料电池将氢转化为电。
carbon capturen.碳捕集
Carbon capture reduces atmospheric CO2.碳捕获减少大气中的二氧化碳。
desalinationn.海水淡化
Desalination turns seawater into fresh water.海水淡化将海水变成淡水。
smart manufacturingn.智能制造
Smart manufacturing uses AI on the factory floor.智能制造在工厂车间使用 AI。
Industry 4.0n.工业4.0
Industry 4.0 brings intelligence to production.工业 4.0 将智能化引入生产。
digital factoryn.数字工厂
A digital factory uses sensors and AI throughout.数字工厂在各处使用传感器和 AI。
flexible electronicsn.柔性电子
Flexible electronics can bend without breaking.柔性电子可以弯曲而不破裂。
smart glassesn.智能眼镜
Smart glasses overlay information in your view.智能眼镜在你的视野中叠加信息。
holographic displayn.全息显示
A holographic display shows 3D images without glasses.全息显示器无需眼镜就能显示 3D 图像。
photonic chipn.光子芯片
A photonic chip uses light instead of electricity.光子芯片使用光而不是电。
neuromorphic chipn.类脑芯片
A neuromorphic chip mimics brain neurons.神经形态芯片模仿大脑神经元。
edge AIn.边缘人工智能
Edge AI runs inference on local devices.边缘 AI 在本地设备上运行推理。

9️⃣ 电子常用动词（45）

measurev.测量
Measure the voltage with a multimeter.用万用表测量电压。
calculatev.计算
Please calculate the total cost.请计算总成本。
amplifyv.放大
An op-amp can amplify weak signals.运算放大器可以放大微弱信号。
attenuatev.衰减
Attenuate the input to protect the circuit.衰减输入以保护电路。
convertv.转换
They converted the old building into a library.他们把旧楼改造成了图书馆。
transformv.变换
A transformer changes voltage levels.变压器改变电压等级。
rectifyv.整流
A diode rectifies AC into DC.二极管将交流电整流为直流电。
modulatev.调制
The transmitter modulates the carrier signal.发射器调制载波信号。
demodulatev.解调
The receiver demodulates the signal.接收器解调信号。
oscillatev.振荡
The crystal oscillates at 16 MHz.晶体以 16 兆赫兹振荡。
resonatev.谐振
The antenna resonates at the target frequency.天线在目标频率谐振。
conductv.导电
The scientist conducted a series of experiments.科学家进行了一系列实验。
insulatev.使绝缘
Insulate the wires to prevent shorts.给电线加绝缘以防短路。
chargev.充电
Static charge can build up on a dry winter afternoon.在干燥的冬日下午，静电荷容易在身体上积累。
dischargev.放电
The capacitor will discharge through the resistor in just a few seconds.电容器会在几秒内通过电阻放掉所储的电荷。
solderv.焊接
Solder the pins carefully.小心地焊接引脚。
etchv.蚀刻
Etch the copper to form traces.蚀刻铜形成走线。
drillv.钻孔
Drill precise mounting holes.钻精确的安装孔。
assemblev.组装
Workers assemble the cars in this factory.工人们在这家工厂组装汽车。
disassemblev.拆卸
Disassemble the device for repair.拆开设备进行维修。
mountv.安装；固定
Mount the display on the panel.将显示器安装在面板上。
wirev.接线
Wire the components according to the schematic.根据原理图连接元件。
groundv.接地
Always connect the metal chassis to ground for safety reasons.为安全起见，务必把金属机箱接地。
short-circuitv.短路
A short-circuit can damage the circuit.短路会损坏电路。
generatev.产生；发电
The alternator generates AC voltage.交流发电机产生交流电压。
storev.存储
Store the data in a database before running any analysis.在分析之前先把数据存入数据库。
consumev.消耗
The device consumes 5 watts.该设备消耗 5 瓦。
supplyv.供电；供应
The power supply delivers stable DC voltage.电源提供稳定的直流电压。
emitv.发射；发出
The LED emits light when current flows.当电流流过时，LED 发光。
radiatev.辐射
The antenna radiates electromagnetic waves.天线辐射电磁波。
reflectv.反射
The mirror reflects light back.镜子将光反射回来。
refractv.折射
The prism refracts light into colors.棱镜将光折射成各种颜色。
absorbv.吸收
Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.植物吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。
propagatev.传播
Light propagates at 300,000 km/s in vacuum.光在真空中以 30 万公里每秒传播。
sensev.感知
The sensor senses temperature changes.传感器感知温度变化。
identifyv.识别
Identify the faulty component with a tester.用测试仪识别故障元件。
recognizev.辨认
The camera recognizes faces automatically.相机自动识别人脸。
calibratev.校准
Calibrate the instrument before use.使用前校准仪器。
tunev.调谐
Tune the circuit for the desired frequency.将电路调谐到所需频率。
adjustv.调整
Adjust the gain to a suitable level.将增益调整到合适的水平。
regulatev.调节
The regulator maintains constant voltage.调节器保持电压恒定。
stabilizev.使稳定
Add a capacitor to stabilize the output.添加电容器以稳定输出。
troubleshootv.排除故障
Spend a few minutes troubleshooting before calling technical support.先花几分钟排查故障，再联系技术支持。
repairv.修理
Repair the broken connection on the board.修复电路板上断开的连接。
testv.测试
Test each function before deployment.在部署前测试每个功能。

🔟 电子常用形容词与名词（45）

electricaladj.电的；电气的
Electrical engineers design circuits.电气工程师设计电路。
magneticadj.磁的
A magnetic field surrounds a current-carrying wire.磁场环绕在载流导线周围。
thermaladj.热的
Thermal sensors measure temperature.热传感器测量温度。
opticaladj.光学的
Optical sensors detect light.光学传感器检测光。
mechanicaladj.机械的
Mechanical parts can wear out over time.机械部件会随着时间磨损。
automaticadj.自动的
Automatic doors open when you approach.当你靠近时，自动门会打开。
manualadj.手动的
A manual override is useful in emergencies.手动覆盖在紧急情况下很有用。
intelligentadj.智能的
Intelligent systems adapt to user behavior.智能系统适应用户行为。
sensitiveadj.灵敏的
The sensor is highly sensitive to pressure.传感器对压力高度敏感。
preciseadj.精确的
The atomic clock is extremely precise.原子钟极其精确。
accurateadj.准确的
The report provides an accurate account of the event.这份报告对事件给出了准确的描述。
durableadj.耐用的
A rugged external drive is more durable than a regular plastic one.加固型外置硬盘比普通塑料外壳更耐用。
fragileadj.易碎的
Glass screens are beautiful but fragile without a protective case.玻璃屏幕美观，但没保护壳时很易碎。
compactadj.紧凑的；小型的
The compact printer fits easily on a small home office desk.这台紧凑型打印机能轻松放在家庭办公桌上。
miniatureadj.微型的
Modern phones contain miniature components.现代手机包含微型元件。
lightweightadj.轻量的
The lightweight laptop weighs just over one kilogram.这款轻量笔记本的重量仅略高于一公斤。
heavy-dutyadj.重载的
A heavy-duty motor handles industrial loads.重型电机处理工业负载。
high-frequencyadj.高频的
High-frequency trading requires low latency.高频交易需要低延迟。
low-frequencyadj.低频的
Low-frequency sounds travel farther.低频声音传播得更远。
high-precisionadj.高精度的
High-precision tools are used in watchmaking.高精度工具用于制表业。
energy-efficientadj.节能的
LED bulbs are energy-efficient.LED 灯泡节能高效。
cordlessadj.无绳的
A cordless drill is easier to use.无绳电钻更易于使用。
waterproofadj.防水的
A waterproof phone survives being submerged.watch的防水手机在水下也能存活。
dustproofadj.防尘的
A dustproof filter keeps the inside of the case much cleaner.防尘滤网能让机箱内部保持干净得多。
shockproofadj.防震的
A shockproof case protects the phone.watch的抗震保护壳可以保护手机。
heat-resistantadj.耐热的
A heat-resistant material handles high temperatures.watch的耐热材料能承受高温。
corrosion-resistantadj.耐腐蚀的
Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant.watch的不锈钢耐腐蚀。
specificationn.规格
The specification defines the system behavior.规格说明书定义系统行为。
datasheetn.数据手册
Check the datasheet for the exact voltage range of the chip.查阅数据手册可获取芯片的精确电压范围。
warrantyn.保修
The warranty covers manufacturing defects for three full years.保修期为三年，覆盖制造工艺缺陷。
maintenancen.维护
Schedule regular maintenance to clean the fans and replace the paste.定期维护时要清理风扇、更换导热硅脂。
lifespann.寿命
A long lifespan reduces replacement frequency.锂材寿命长，减少更换频率。
performancen.性能
Her performance received high praise.她的表演获得了高度赞扬。
capacityn.容量；能力
Check the capacity of the SSD before installing large games.安装大型游戏前，先查看固态硬盘的容量。
ratingn.额定值
The show has a high rating among young audiences.该节目在年轻观众中收视率很高。
thresholdn.阈值
A threshold defines the minimum level.阈值定义了最低水平。
rangen.范围
The sensor has a range of 5 meters.传感器量程为 5 米。
dimensionn.尺寸
Measure the dimension of the case before buying a new graphics card.购买新显卡前，先量一下机箱的尺寸。
massn.质量
The device is small in mass.该设备质量小。
densityn.密度
Density measures mass per unit volume.密度衡量单位体积的质量。
temperaturen.温度
Check the CPU temperature before starting any stress test.开始压力测试前，先检查 CPU 的温度。
humidityn.湿度
Humidity affects sensor accuracy.湿度影响传感器精度。
pressuren.压力
High pressure can damage seals.高压可能损坏密封件。
environmentn.环境
Protect the device from a harsh environment.保护设备免受恶劣环境影响。
breakthroughn.突破
The new battery is a major breakthrough.这款新电池是一项重大突破。

🔗 Part 2 核心短语（18 个）

alternating current (AC)交流电
direct current (DC)直流电
Ohm's law欧姆定律
short circuit短路
circuit board电路板
data transmission数据传输
signal processing信号处理
wireless communication无线通信
smart home智能家居
autonomous driving自动驾驶
face recognition人脸识别
speech recognition语音识别
Global Positioning System (GPS)全球定位系统
remote control遥控（器）
energy saving节能
be applied to被应用于……
with the development of随着……的发展
play an important role in在……中发挥重要作用

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（27 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（6 题）

  1. The sensor converts light into electrical signals.
  2. An integrated circuit contains millions of transistors.
  3. Optical fiber can transmit data at very high speed.
  4. Artificial intelligence is widely applied to medical diagnosis.
  5. A short circuit may damage the whole device.
  6. With the development of the Internet of Things, smart homes are becoming popular.

二、汉译英（6 题）

  1. 欧姆定律描述了电压、电流和电阻之间的关系。
  2. 二极管只允许电流沿一个方向流动。
  3. 云计算为企业提供了灵活的存储服务。
  4. 人脸识别技术被应用于手机解锁。
  5. 直流电从电池的正极流向负极。
  6. 机器人在现代工业中发挥着重要作用。

三、选词填空（7 题）

词库：analog · antenna · laser · watt · embedded · blockchain · frequency
  1. signals change continuously, unlike digital signals.
  2. The receives radio waves from the satellite.
  3. A beam can cut through metal.
  4. The power of the bulb is 60 .
  5. Many smart devices use systems.
  6. technology makes digital transactions safer.
  7. The radio station broadcasts at a of 98.1 MHz.

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 直流电 →
  2. 欧姆定律 →
  3. signal processing →
  4. face recognition →
  5. 智能家居 →
  6. 随着人工智能的发展 →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 集成电路是现代电子设备的核心。从智能手机到超级计算机，几乎所有电子产品都离不开芯片。近年来，中国在芯片设计和制造领域取得了显著进步，但在高端芯片方面仍面临挑战。为了突破技术瓶颈，中国政府和企业加大了对半导体产业的投资，培养了大批专业人才。与此同时，人工智能、5G通信和量子计算等新兴技术的发展，也为电子行业带来了新的机遇。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 传感器把光转换成电信号。
  2. 一块集成电路包含数以百万计的晶体管。
  3. 光纤能以极高的速度传输数据。
  4. 人工智能被广泛应用于医学诊断。
  5. 短路可能会损坏整个设备。
  6. 随着物联网的发展，智能家居正变得流行起来。

二、汉译英

  1. Ohm's law describes the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
  2. A diode only allows current to flow in one direction.
  3. Cloud computing provides enterprises with flexible storage services.
  4. Face recognition technology is applied to unlocking mobile phones.
  5. Direct current flows from the positive pole of the battery to the negative pole.
  6. Robots play an important role in modern industry.

三、选词填空

  1. Analog
  2. antenna
  3. laser
  4. watts
  5. embedded
  6. Blockchain
  7. frequency

四、短语互译

  1. direct current (DC)
  2. Ohm's law
  3. 信号处理
  4. 人脸识别
  5. smart home
  6. with the development of artificial intelligence

五、写作训练（参考范文）

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society

Artificial intelligence is no longer a concept in science fiction. From voice assistants to self-driving cars, AI is reshaping the way we live, work and learn.

On the one hand, AI brings great benefits. In hospitals, AI helps doctors detect diseases earlier and more accurately; in factories, robots improve efficiency and reduce costs. On the other hand, AI also raises concerns. Some people worry that machines will replace human workers, while others are concerned about privacy and safety. Therefore, laws and rules must be made to guide the healthy development of AI.

In conclusion, AI is a powerful tool. If we use it wisely, it will create a better future for all of us.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

Integrated circuits are the core of modern electronic devices. From smartphones to supercomputers, almost all electronic products rely on chips. In recent years, China has made remarkable progress in chip design and manufacturing, but it still faces challenges in high-end chips. To break through technological bottlenecks, the Chinese government and enterprises have increased investment in the semiconductor industry and trained a large number of professionals. Meanwhile, the development of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G communication and quantum computing has also brought new opportunities to the electronics industry.

💪 Part 4 强化训练（13 题）新增 · 电子电路与前沿技术

一、英译汉（4 题）

  1. A capacitor stores electrical energy in an electric field.
  2. The resistor limits the flow of current in the circuit.
  3. Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing and healthcare.
  4. 5G networks offer much faster speeds than 4G.

二、汉译英（4 题）

  1. 半导体是现代电子工业的基础。
  2. 太阳能电池板把阳光转化为电能。
  3. 电压过高可能损坏电子元件。
  4. 传感器能够检测温度和湿度的变化。

三、选词填空（4 题）

词库：transistor · amplitude · circuit · signal
  1. The is the basic building block of modern chips.
  2. The radio adjusts the of the signal.
  3. A short can cause the device to stop working.
  4. The antenna receives the from the satellite.

四、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 电子技术是现代信息社会的基石。从晶体管的发明到集成电路的出现，电子设备变得越来越小、越来越快。如今，芯片广泛应用于手机、汽车、家电等各个领域。随着5G通信、物联网和人工智能的发展，电子技术正迎来新的机遇。未来，量子计算和柔性电子等前沿技术有望带来更大的变革。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 电容器在电场中储存电能。
  2. 电阻器限制电路中的电流。
  3. 机器人正越来越多地应用于制造业和医疗保健领域。
  4. 5G 网络提供的速度比 4G 快得多。

二、汉译英

  1. Semiconductors are the foundation of the modern electronics industry.
  2. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity.
  3. Excessive voltage may damage electronic components.
  4. Sensors can detect changes in temperature and humidity.

三、选词填空

  1. transistor
  2. amplitude
  3. circuit
  4. signal

四、长文翻译（参考译文）

Electronic technology is the cornerstone of the modern information society. From the invention of the transistor to the emergence of integrated circuits, electronic devices have become smaller and faster. Today, chips are widely used in mobile phones, cars, household appliances and many other fields. With the development of 5G communication, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, electronic technology is embracing new opportunities. In the future, frontier technologies such as quantum computing and flexible electronics are expected to bring even greater changes.

阶段五：英语四级核心词汇（上）520 词 · 18 短语 · 40 题

🎯 学习目标：掌握四级考试阅读、听力、写作与翻译中最高频的核心动词、形容词与名词，覆盖大纲高频词表，重点突破写作与翻译的用词能力。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1abandon
/əˈbændən/		v.放弃；抛弃They had to abandon the plan because of the weather.由于天气原因，他们不得不放弃这个计划。
2accomplish
/əˈkʌmplɪʃ/		v.完成；实现She accomplished the task ahead of time.她提前完成了任务。
3acquire
/əˈkwaɪə(r)/		v.获得；习得Reading helps us acquire knowledge.阅读帮助我们获得知识。
4adapt
/əˈdæpt/		v.适应；改编It took him a month to adapt to college life.他花了一个月才适应大学生活。
5adequate
/ˈædɪkwət/		adj.足够的；适当的Make sure you get adequate sleep before the exam.确保考试前有充足的睡眠。
6alleviate
/əˈliːvieɪt/		v.减轻；缓解This medicine can alleviate the pain.这种药可以缓解疼痛。
7anticipate
/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/		v.预期；预料We anticipate that prices will continue to rise.我们预期价格会继续上涨。
8apparent
/əˈpærənt/		adj.明显的；表面上的It was apparent that he was telling the truth.显然他说的是实话。
9approximate
/əˈprɒksɪmət/		adj.大约的；近似的The approximate cost of the trip is 2000 yuan.这次旅行的大约费用是2000元。
10attribute
/əˈtrɪbjuːt/		v.把……归因于 n.属性He attributes his success to hard work.他把成功归因于努力。
11beneficial
/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/		adj.有益的；有利的A balanced diet is beneficial to health.均衡的饮食有益健康。
12comprehensive
/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/		adj.全面的；综合的The book provides a comprehensive introduction to physics.这本书提供了全面的物理学入门介绍。
13consequence
/ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/		n.结果；后果He must face the consequences of his decision.他必须面对自己决定的后果。
14considerable
/kənˈsɪdərəbl/		adj.相当大的；可观的The project requires a considerable amount of money.这个项目需要相当大的一笔钱。
15contemporary
/kənˈtemprəri/		adj.当代的；同时代的Contemporary art is popular among young people.当代艺术在年轻人中很受欢迎。
16controversial
/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/		adj.有争议的The new policy is highly controversial.这项新政策很有争议。
17crucial
/ˈkruːʃl/		adj.至关重要的Timing is crucial to the success of the experiment.时机对实验的成功至关重要。
18demonstrate
/ˈdemənstreɪt/		v.证明；演示；展示The teacher demonstrated how the machine works.老师演示了这台机器的工作原理。
19dilemma
/dɪˈlemə/		n.（进退两难的）困境She faced the dilemma of choosing between two jobs.她面临在两份工作之间选择的困境。
20efficient
/ɪˈfɪʃnt/		adj.高效的；有效率的This is a more efficient way to learn words.这是一种更高效的背单词方法。
21elaborate
/ɪˈlæbərət/		adj.详尽的 v.详细阐述The professor gave an elaborate explanation of the theory.教授对这个理论作了详细的解释。
22eliminate
/ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/		v.消除；淘汰We must eliminate the errors in the report.我们必须消除报告中的错误。
23emphasize
/ˈemfəsaɪz/		v.强调；重视The teacher emphasized the importance of practice.老师强调了练习的重要性。
24enable
/ɪˈneɪbl/		v.使能够；使成为可能；💻 计算机：启用（功能）The Internet enables us to work from home.互联网使我们能够在家办公。
25estimate
/ˈestɪmeɪt/		v./n.估计；估算Experts estimate that the loss is over one million yuan.专家估计损失超过一百万元。
26eventually
/ɪˈventʃuəli/		adv.最终；终于If you keep trying, you will eventually succeed.如果你坚持努力，最终会成功。
27evident
/ˈevɪdənt/		adj.明显的；明白的It is evident that exercise improves health.显而易见，锻炼有益健康。
28expose
/ɪkˈspəʊz/		v.暴露；揭露；使接触The report exposed the problem to the public.这篇报道把问题曝光给了公众。
29facilitate
/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/		v.促进；使便利Modern technology facilitates communication.现代技术促进了交流。
30fundamental
/ˌfʌndəˈmentl/		adj.基本的；根本的Trust is fundamental to a good relationship.信任是良好关系的基础。
31generate
/ˈdʒenəreɪt/		v.产生；生成；发电Wind farms generate electricity from wind.风电场利用风力发电。
32phenomenon
/fəˈnɒmɪnən/		n.现象This phenomenon is common among teenagers.这种现象在青少年中很普遍。
33potential
/pəˈtenʃl/		adj.潜在的 n.潜力She has the potential to become a great scientist.她有成为伟大科学家的潜力。
34priority
/praɪˈɒrəti/		n.优先事项；优先权Safety is our top priority.安全是我们的首要任务。
35promote
/prəˈməʊt/		v.促进；推广；提升The campaign promotes healthy eating habits.这项活动倡导健康的饮食习惯。
36relevant
/ˈreləvənt/		adj.相关的；切题的Please provide all the relevant information.请提供所有相关信息。
37reliable
/rɪˈlaɪəbl/		adj.可靠的；可信赖的We need a reliable source of information.我们需要一个可靠的信息来源。
38significant
/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/		adj.重要的；显著的There has been a significant increase in online learning.在线学习有了显著增长。
39sufficient
/səˈfɪʃnt/		adj.充足的；足够的We have sufficient time to finish the work.我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。
40sustainable
/səˈsteɪnəbl/		adj.可持续的We should develop sustainable energy.我们应该发展可持续能源。
41assume
/əˈsjuːm/		v.假定；认为；承担We assume that the plan will work.我们假设这个计划会奏效。
42available
/əˈveɪləbl/		adj.可获得的；有空的The book is available in the library.这本书在图书馆可以借到。
43aware
/əˈweə(r)/		adj.意识到的；知道的People are more aware of environmental protection.人们更加意识到环境保护的重要性。
44concern
/kənˈsɜːn/		n./v.关心；担忧；涉及This issue concerns every student.这个问题关系到每个学生。
45consume
/kənˈsjuːm/		v.消耗；消费Cars consume a lot of energy.汽车消耗大量能源。
46contribute
/kənˈtrɪbjuːt/		v.贡献；促成；投稿Everyone should contribute to society.每个人都应该为社会做贡献。
47decline
/dɪˈklaɪn/		v./n.下降；谢绝The population of the town is declining.这个镇的人口在下降。
48emerge
/ɪˈmɜːdʒ/		v.出现；浮现New technologies emerge every year.新技术每年都层出不穷。
49enhance
/ɪnˈhɑːns/		v.提高；增强Exercise enhances our immune system.锻炼增强我们的免疫系统。
50ensure
/ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/		v.确保；保证Please ensure that the door is locked.请确保门已锁好。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（470 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 教育与学术（49）

academicadj.学术的
Academic research requires rigorous methodology and evidence.学术研究需要严谨的方法论和充分的证据。
bachelorn.学士；单身汉
He earned his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering last year.他去年获得了电气工程学士学位。
campusn.校园
The university campus covers more than two hundred acres.这所大学的校园占地超过两百英亩。
certificaten.证书
She received a teaching certificate after completing the training.她在完成培训后获得了教师资格证书。
curriculumn.课程
The school updated its curriculum to include more science courses.学校更新了课程，加入了更多理科内容。
degreen.学位；程度
She is pursuing a master's degree in computer science.她正在攻读计算机科学硕士学位。
diploman.文凭
He received his high school diploma at age eighteen.他十八岁时获得了高中毕业文凭。
disciplinen.学科；纪律
Mathematics is a fundamental academic discipline.数学是一门基础的学科。
dissertationn.论文
Her doctoral dissertation focuses on machine learning.她的博士论文聚焦于机器学习。
doctoraten.博士学位
It typically takes five years to earn a doctorate.博士学位通常需要五年才能取得。
educatev.教育
Schools educate children not only in subjects but also in values.学校不仅在学科上教育孩子，也在价值观上教育他们。
educationn.教育
Education is the most powerful weapon for changing the world.教育是改变世界最强大的武器。
elementaryadj.初级的；基本的
Children begin elementary school at age six.儿童通常六岁开始上小学。
essayn.短文；论文
She wrote an essay about climate change for her English class.她为英语课写了一篇关于气候变化的短文。
examinationn.考试
The final examination covers all twelve chapters.期末考试涵盖全部十二章内容。
examn.考试
I have a math exam tomorrow morning.我明天上午有一场数学考试。
freshmann.大一新生
Most freshmen live in dorms during their first year.大多数新生第一年都住在宿舍里。
graduaten./v.毕业生；毕业
He graduated from Peking University in 2020.他 2020 年从北京大学毕业。
graduationn.毕业
Her graduation ceremony will be held next June.她的毕业典礼将在明年六月举行。
institutionn.机构；院校
The institution has been training teachers for over fifty years.这所院校五十多年来一直在培训教师。
instructionn.指示；教学；💻 计算机：指令
instructorn.讲师；教练
The driving instructor was very patient with me.那位驾校教练对我很有耐心。
intellectualadj./n.智力的；知识分子
Reading widely helps develop intellectual abilities.广泛阅读有助于培养智力。
intelligencen.智力；情报；🤖 用于 AI（artificial intelligence 人工智能）
junioradj./n.初级的；大三学生
She is a junior majoring in biology.她是一名生物专业的大三学生。
kindergartenn.幼儿园
Their daughter just started kindergarten this fall.他们的女儿今年秋天刚上幼儿园。
knowledgen.知识
Knowledge is power, especially in the information age.知识就是力量，在信息时代尤为如此。
lecturen.讲座
The professor gave a fascinating lecture on ancient history.教授做了一场关于古代历史的精彩讲座。
lessonn.课程；教训
The accident taught him a valuable life lesson.那次事故给了他宝贵的人生教训。
literacyn.读写能力
Digital literacy is essential in modern workplaces.数字读写能力在现代工作场所至关重要。
literaturen.文学；文献
She is studying English literature at university.她在大学里学习英国文学。
majorn./v.专业；主修
She majors in electrical engineering.她主修电气工程。
mastern.硕士；精通；💻 计算机：主设备；主分支
mathematicsn.数学
Mathematics is the foundation of all sciences.数学是所有科学的基础。
minoradj./n.次要的；辅修
He chose history as his minor subject.他选择历史作为辅修专业。
professorn.教授
Professor Wang teaches introductory linguistics.王教授讲授语言学入门课程。
pupiln.学生；瞳孔
The teacher asked the pupil to read aloud.老师让那名学生大声朗读。
qualificationn.资格
A teaching qualification is required for this position.这个岗位要求具备教师资格。
scholarshipn.奖学金
She won a full scholarship to study abroad.她获得了出国留学的全额奖学金。
semestern.学期
The fall semester begins in early September.秋季学期在九月初开始。
seminarn.研讨会
The research seminar meets every Wednesday afternoon.研讨会每周三下午举行。
sophomoren.大二学生
As a sophomore, she is now taking more specialized courses.作为大二学生，她现在正在学习更多专业课程。
syllabusn.教学大纲
The syllabus lists all required readings for the course.教学大纲列出了本课程的所有必读材料。
textbookn.教科书
Please bring your textbook to every class.请每堂课都带上你的教科书。
thesisn.论文
She spent two years writing her master's thesis.她花了两年时间撰写硕士论文。
tutorn.导师；家教
His math tutor helps him with homework every evening.他的数学家教每天晚上辅导他作业。
undergraduaten.本科生
Most undergraduates graduate within four years.大多数本科生在四年内毕业。
universityn.大学
She is studying medicine at a top university.她在顶尖大学学习医学。
vocationaladj.职业的
He received vocational training as an electrician.他接受了电工的职业培训。

2️⃣ 社会与文化（47）

ancestorn.祖先
Our ancestors came from this region.我们的祖先来自这个地区。
ancientadj.古代的
Ancient civilizations built remarkable structures.古代文明建造了非凡的建筑。
architecturen.建筑；💻 计算机：（系统/芯片）架构
artifactn.文物；人工制品
The museum displays artifacts from the Bronze Age.博物馆展出来自青铜时代的文物。
beliefn.信仰；信念
Strong belief can move mountains.坚定的信念可以移山。
belongv.属于
These books belong to the school library.这些书属于学校图书馆。
bordern.边界
We crossed the border into Canada.我们越过边界进入加拿大。
castlen.城堡
The medieval castle has been preserved as a museum.这座中世纪城堡被保留作为博物馆。
ceremonyn.仪式
The opening ceremony will be held in the main hall.开幕式将在主厅举行。
civilizationn.文明
Ancient civilizations left behind remarkable ruins.古代文明留下了非凡的遗址。
colonyn.殖民地
The country was once a colony of a European power.这个国家曾是某个欧洲强国的殖民地。
conflictn./v.冲突
The conflict between the two sides lasted for years.双方之间的冲突持续了多年。
contributionn.贡献
Her contribution to the project was widely recognized.她对这个项目的贡献得到了广泛认可。
customn.习俗
It is a local custom to remove your shoes before entering a home.进门脱鞋是当地的习俗。
descendantn.后代
They are descendants of an ancient noble family.他们是一个古老贵族家族的后裔。
destinationn.目的地
Our final destination is Paris.我们最终的目的地是巴黎。
dialectn.方言
Each region of China has its own dialect.中国的每个地区都有自己的方言。
dynastyn.朝代
The Tang Dynasty is famous for its poetry.唐朝以其诗歌闻名。
empiren.帝国
The Roman Empire once ruled much of Europe.罗马帝国曾经统治欧洲的大部分地区。
ethnicadj.民族的
China is a multi-ethnic country with fifty-six ethnic groups.中国是一个拥有五十六个民族的多民族国家。
festivaln.节日
The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China.春节是中国最重要的传统节日。
folkn./adj.民间的
Folk music reflects the life of ordinary people.民间音乐反映了普通百姓的生活。
forbidv.禁止
The school forbids students from using phones in class.学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。
foreignadj.外国的
Learning a foreign language opens doors to other cultures.学习外语能让你了解其他文化。
heritagen.遗产
The Great Wall is part of China's cultural heritage.长城是中国文化遗产的一部分。
immigrantn.移民
Many immigrants come to the US in search of a better life.许多移民来到美国寻求更好的生活。
influencen./v.影响
Her novels had a great influence on modern literature.她的小说对现代文学产生了巨大影响。
legendn.传说；💻 图表：图例
minorityn.少数民族
Ethnic minorities enrich China's cultural diversity.少数民族丰富了中国的文化多样性。
monumentn.纪念碑
The monument honors those who died in the war.这座纪念碑纪念战争中牺牲的人。
mythn.神话
Greek myths have inspired countless works of art.希腊神话启发了无数艺术作品。
originn.起源
The origins of the custom are still unclear.这个习俗的起源至今仍不清楚。
permitv.允许
Smoking is not permitted inside the building.大楼内禁止吸烟。
populationn.人口
The population of the city has grown rapidly.这座城市的人口增长迅速。
prohibitv.禁止
The law prohibits the sale of alcohol to minors.法律禁止向未成年人销售酒精。
provincen.省
Hunan Province is famous for its spicy cuisine.湖南省以其辛辣的美食闻名。
regionn.地区
Each region has its own cultural traditions.每个地区都有自己的文化传统。
religionn.宗教
Buddhism is one of the major religions in Asia.佛教是亚洲的主要宗教之一。
ritualn.仪式
The wedding ritual lasts for three days.婚礼仪式持续三天。
ruinn./v.废墟；毁坏
The ancient ruins attract archaeologists from around the world.这些古遗址吸引了世界各地的考古学家。
ruraladj.乡村的
Many rural areas still lack access to broadband internet.许多农村地区仍然没有宽带网络。
siten.遗址；地点；💻 计算机：网站（website）
templen.寺庙
We visited a Buddhist temple in Kyoto.我们参观了京都的一座佛教寺庙。
traditionn.传统
It is a tradition to eat dumplings at New Year.新年吃饺子是一个传统。
triben.部落
Each tribe has its own customs and language.每个部落都有自己的习俗和语言。
urbanadj.城市的
Urban areas tend to have higher pollution levels.城市地区的污染水平往往更高。
volunteern./v.志愿者；志愿
She works as a volunteer at the local hospital.她在当地医院做志愿者。

3️⃣ 科技与环境（46）

astronautn.宇航员
The astronaut spent six months on the space station.那位宇航员在空间站上度过了六个月。
atmospheren.大气层；氛围
The atmosphere in the room was tense.房间里的气氛很紧张。
bacterian.细菌
Bacteria can cause infections.细菌会引起感染。
biologyn.生物学
She is studying marine biology at university.她在大学里学习海洋生物学。
chemicaladj./n.化学的；化学品
Water is a simple chemical compound.水是一种简单的化合物。
climaten.气候
The climate in this region has changed dramatically.该地区的气候发生了巨大变化。
cometn.彗星
The comet is visible to the naked eye this month.这个月肉眼就能看到这颗彗星。
creaturen.生物
Deep-sea creatures have adapted to extreme pressure.深海生物已经适应了极端压力。
droughtn.干旱
Severe drought has hit the southern regions.严重干旱袭击了南部地区。
ecologyn.生态学
Coral reef ecology is highly sensitive to water temperature.珊瑚礁生态对水温高度敏感。
ecosystemn.生态系统
The forest ecosystem supports countless species.森林生态系统支持着无数的物种。
evolutionn.进化
Darwin's theory of evolution changed biology forever.达尔文的进化论永远改变了生物学。
experimentn.实验
The chemistry experiment produced unexpected results.这次化学实验产生了意想不到的结果。
explorev.探索
Humans have always wanted to explore outer space.人类一直想要探索外太空。
floodn./v.洪水
Heavy rains caused the river to flood.暴雨导致河流泛滥。
fossiln.化石
The fossil was dated to over a million years old.这块化石的年代超过一百万年。
galaxyn.星系
The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies.银河系只是数十亿个星系中的一个。
gravityn.重力
Gravity keeps us on the ground.重力让我们保持在地面上。
habitatn.栖息地
Pollution threatens the natural habitat of many species.污染威胁着许多物种的自然栖息地。
hurricanen.飓风
The hurricane made landfall early Saturday morning.飓风在周六凌晨登陆。
innovationn.创新
Technological innovation drives economic growth.技术创新推动经济增长。
inventionn.发明
The invention of the printing press changed history.印刷机的发明改变了历史。
laboratoryn.实验室
The new science laboratory opened last month.新的科学实验室上个月正式启用。
marineadj.海洋的
Marine biology is the study of ocean life.海洋生物学是研究海洋生命的学科。
microscopen.显微镜
The scientist examined the cells through a microscope.科学家通过显微镜观察细胞。
moleculen.分子
A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.一个水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。
orbitn./v.轨道
The satellite was placed into a low Earth orbit.这颗卫星被送入近地轨道。
organismn.有机体
A virus is not considered a living organism.病毒不被认为是活的生物体。
ozonen.臭氧
The ozone layer protects life from UV radiation.臭氧层保护生命免受紫外线辐射。
planetn.行星
Mars is the fourth planet from the sun.火星是距离太阳第四近的行星。
pollutev.污染
Industrial waste can pollute rivers and lakes.工业废料会污染河流和湖泊。
pollutionn.污染
Air pollution is a major problem in many cities.空气污染是许多城市的主要问题。
recyclev.回收
Please recycle paper, plastic, and glass separately.请将纸张、塑料和玻璃分开回收。
resourcen.资源
Water is a precious natural resource.水是珍贵的自然资源。
satelliten.卫星
The satellite broadcasts television signals worldwide.这颗卫星向全球广播电视信号。
speciesn.物种
Many species are at risk of extinction.许多物种面临灭绝的危险。
stormn.暴风雨
A violent storm struck the coast overnight.猛烈的暴风雨一夜之间袭击了海岸。
substancen.物质
Water is a transparent, odorless substance.水是一种透明、无味的物质。
technologyn.技术
Modern technology has changed the way we live.现代科技改变了我们的生活方式。
temperaturen.温度
Check the CPU temperature before starting any stress test.开始压力测试前，先检查 CPU 的温度。
tissuen.组织；纸巾
Muscle tissue helps the body move.肌肉组织帮助身体运动。
universen.宇宙
The universe contains billions of galaxies.宇宙包含数十亿个星系。
vaporn.蒸汽
Water vapor rises from the ocean.水蒸气从海洋中升起。
volcanon.火山
The volcano has been dormant for hundreds of years.这座火山已经休眠了数百年。
wildlifen.野生动物
Wildlife conservation protects endangered species.野生动物保护拯救濒危物种。
wreckagen.残骸
Divers explored the wreckage of the sunken ship.潜水员探索了沉船的残骸。

4️⃣ 经济与职业（46）

accountantn.会计
The accountant prepared the company's tax return.会计为公司准备了纳税申报表。
advertisev.做广告
They advertise their products on social media.他们在社交媒体上为产品做广告。
advertisementn.广告
The advertisement appeared on every billboard.广告出现在每个广告牌上。
agencyn.代理；机构
The travel agency arranged our trip.旅行社安排了我们的行程。
applicantn.申请人
The company received over a hundred applicants for the position.公司收到了上百份该职位的申请。
applyv.申请；应用
You can apply for the scholarship online.你可以在线申请该奖学金。
audiencen.观众
The audience gave the singer a standing ovation.观众给歌手起立鼓掌。
bankruptadj.破产的
The company went bankrupt after three difficult years.公司在三年的困难后破产了。
bargainn./v.交易；讨价还价
She managed to bargain the price down by twenty percent.她成功地把价格砍下了两成。
bonusn.奖金
Employees received a year-end bonus.员工们获得了年终奖。
brandn.品牌
She only buys her favorite brand of coffee.她只买自己最喜欢品牌的咖啡。
budgetn.预算
We need to balance our monthly budget carefully.我们需要仔细平衡每月预算。
careern.职业
She chose teaching as her lifelong career.她选择教书作为终身职业。
charityn.慈善
They donate to charity every year.他们每年都向慈善机构捐款。
clientn.客户；💻 计算机：客户端
commercen.商业
E-commerce has transformed the retail industry.电子商务已经改变了零售业。
compensationn.补偿；薪酬
The company offered compensation for the damaged goods.公司对损坏的货物进行了赔偿。
contractn.合同
Please read the contract carefully before signing.签字前请仔细阅读合同。
corporationn.公司
A multinational corporation has offices in over fifty countries.一家跨国公司在五十多个国家设有办事处。
debtn.债务
Paying off debt takes time and discipline.还清债务需要时间和自律。
deficitn.赤字
The trade deficit widened last year.去年的贸易逆差扩大了。
depositn./v.存款；存放
I need to deposit this check into my account.我需要把这张支票存入我的账户。
dismissv.解雇；驳回
The manager dismissed the employee.经理解雇了那位员工。
economyn.经济
The economy is growing at a steady pace.经济在稳步增长。
employeen.雇员
Every employee must wear a badge.每位员工都必须佩戴徽章。
employern.雇主
The employer provides health insurance for all staff.雇主为所有员工提供医疗保险。
enterprisen.企业
Small enterprises often struggle to access funding.小企业通常难以获得资金。
expensen.开支
Track every expense to stay within your budget.记录每一笔开支，以保持预算。
exportv./n.出口；💻 计算机：导出（数据）
financen./v.金融；资助
She works in the finance department.她在财务部门工作。
firmn.公司
The law firm specializes in corporate law.这家律师事务所专攻公司法。
fundn./v.基金；资助
The fund invests in green energy projects.这只基金投资于绿色能源项目。
incomen.收入
Her annual income has doubled in three years.她的年收入在三年里翻了一番。
industryn.工业；产业
The film industry is based in Hollywood.电影业以好莱坞为中心。
interviewn.面试
The interview lasted over an hour.采访持续了一个多小时。
investv.投资
You should invest in your education.你应该投资于你的教育。
investmentn.投资
Real estate can be a smart long-term investment.房地产可以是一种明智的长期投资。
launchv.推出；发射
The company will launch a new product next month.公司将于下月推出新产品。
leasen.租约
They signed a five-year lease for the office.他们签了一份为期五年的办公室租约。
loann.贷款
He took out a loan to start his business.他贷款来创业。
managementn.管理
Good management is the key to success.良好的管理是成功的关键。
managern.经理
The manager held a meeting with the team.经理与团队开了一次会议。
manufacturern.制造商
The manufacturer recalled the defective product.制造商召回了有缺陷的产品。
marketingn.市场营销
She works in the marketing department.她在市场部工作。
negotiatev.谈判
They negotiated a better deal with the supplier.他们与供应商谈成了一笔更好的交易。
profitn.利润
The company reported record profits this quarter.公司本季度报告了创纪录的利润。

5️⃣ 健康与生活（46）

achev./n.疼痛
My back aches after sitting all day.坐了一整天后，我的背很痛。
appetiten.食欲
Exercise increases appetite.运动能增加食欲。
bacteriumn.细菌
Each bacterium is invisible to the naked eye.每个细菌肉眼都看不见。
bleedv.流血
Apply pressure to stop the wound from bleeding.按压伤口以止血。
breedv.繁殖
They breed horses on their farm.他们在农场养马。
calorien.卡路里
Running burns more calories than walking.跑步比走路燃烧更多卡路里。
clinicn.诊所
She goes to the clinic for her annual checkup.她去诊所做年度体检。
dentistn.牙医
You should visit the dentist every six months.你应该每六个月去看一次牙医。
diagnosev.诊断
Use the diagnostic tool to diagnose why the laptop will not boot.用诊断工具来判断笔记本无法开机的原因。
dietn.饮食
A balanced diet is essential for good health.均衡的饮食对健康至关重要。
diseasen.疾病
Heart disease is a leading cause of death.心脏病是主要的死亡原因之一。
epidemicn.流行病
The government took action to contain the epidemic.政府采取了行动控制疫情。
exhaustv.使疲惫
The long hike exhausted the whole team.长途徒步让整个团队精疲力竭。
exhaustedadj.筋疲力尽的
I feel exhausted after a long day at work.工作了一整天后我感到筋疲力尽。
faintadj./v.微弱的；晕倒
She felt faint and had to sit down.她感到头晕，不得不坐下。
fatiguen.疲劳
Constant fatigue can be a sign of illness.持续的疲劳可能是生病的信号。
fibern.纤维
Fiber-rich foods help with digestion.富含纤维的食物有助于消化。
flun.流感
He caught the flu and stayed home for a week.他得了流感，在家休了一周。
fracturen.骨折
He suffered a fracture in his left arm.他的左臂骨折了。
germn.病菌
Wash your hands to kill germs.洗手可以杀死细菌。
headachen.头痛
I have a terrible headache.我头痛得厉害。
healv.治愈
Time heals all wounds.时间会治愈一切伤痛。
healthcaren.医疗保健
Healthcare costs have been rising.医疗成本一直在上涨。
immuneadj.免疫的
A healthy diet helps keep your immune system strong.健康的饮食有助于保持免疫系统强壮。
infectv.感染
The wound can easily become infected.伤口很容易被感染。
injectionn.注射；💻 安全：注入（如 SQL 注入）
insomnian.失眠
Stress often causes insomnia.压力常常导致失眠。
intaken.摄入量
Reduce your salt intake to lower blood pressure.减少盐的摄入量以降低血压。
livern.肝脏
The liver filters toxins from the blood.肝脏过滤血液中的毒素。
lungn.肺
Smoking damages your lungs over time.吸烟会随着时间损害你的肺。
medicaladj.医学的
She received medical treatment at the hospital.她在医院接受了医疗。
medicinen.药；医学
Take this medicine after meals.饭后服用这种药。
mentaladj.精神的
Mental health is as important as physical health.心理健康和身体健康一样重要。
nutritionn.营养
Good nutrition is essential for children's growth.良好的营养对儿童的成长至关重要。
obesityn.肥胖
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide.肥胖是一个日益严重的全球健康问题。
physiciann.内科医生
The physician diagnosed him with high blood pressure.医生诊断他患有高血压。
physicaladj.身体的；物理的
Regular physical exercise improves overall health.定期的体育锻炼能改善整体健康。
prescribev.开处方
The doctor prescribed antibiotics for the infection.医生为这次感染开了抗生素。
prescriptionn.处方
You need a prescription to buy this medicine.购买这种药需要处方。
recoveryn.恢复
Her recovery from surgery took six weeks.她从手术中恢复花了六周。
relaxv.放松
Try to relax before the exam.考试前尽量放松。
reliefn.缓解
The medicine brought immediate relief.这药带来了即时的缓解。
remedyn.疗法
A hot bath is a great remedy for stress.热水浴是缓解压力的好方法。
surgeonn.外科医生
The surgeon performed the operation successfully.外科医生成功完成了手术。
symptomn.症状
Fever is a common symptom of infection.发烧是感染的常见症状。
treatmentn.治疗
The new treatment is much more effective.这种新疗法效果更好。

6️⃣ 心理与情感（48）

admirev.钦佩
I admire her dedication to the project.我钦佩她对这个项目的投入。
afraidadj.害怕的
She is afraid of speaking in front of large crowds.她害怕在大型人群面前讲话。
amazev.使惊讶
The magician's tricks amazed the audience.魔术师的戏法让观众惊叹。
amusementn.娱乐
The park offers many amusements for children.这个公园为孩子们提供了许多娱乐活动。
annoyv.使恼怒
Loud chewing noises annoy me.大声咀嚼的声音让我很烦。
anxietyn.焦虑
Anxiety before exams is common among students.学生中考试前的焦虑很常见。
anxiousadj.焦虑的
She felt anxious about her upcoming exam.她对即将到来的考试感到焦虑。
ashamedadj.羞愧的
He felt ashamed of his behavior at the party.他对自己在聚会上的行为感到羞愧。
astonishv.使吃惊
The news astonished everyone in the room.这个消息让房间里的每个人都感到惊讶。
awfuladj.糟糕的
The smell from the kitchen was awful.厨房里的气味很糟糕。
boredadj.无聊的
The kids got bored sitting at home all day.孩子们整天待在家里觉得无聊。
braveryn.勇敢
The firefighter was honored for his bravery.这位消防员因其勇敢受到表彰。
calmadj./v.平静的
Take a deep breath and stay calm.深呼吸，保持冷静。
confidencen.信心
Practice builds confidence over time.练习能逐渐建立信心。
confusev.使困惑
The instructions confused the new employees.这些说明让新员工感到困惑。
delightn./v.高兴
The children squealed with delight at the surprise.孩子们惊喜得尖叫起来。
despairn.绝望
She felt despair after failing the exam.考试不及格后她感到绝望。
disappointv.使失望
I don't want to disappoint my parents.我不想让父母失望。
disgustn.厌恶
She looked at the dirty kitchen with disgust.她厌恶地看着脏兮兮的厨房。
eageradj.渴望的
The students were eager to learn.学生们渴望学习。
embarrassv.使尴尬
He was embarrassed by his mistake in class.他因课堂上的错误而感到尴尬。
emotionn.情感
Music can trigger strong emotions.音乐能激发强烈的情感。
enthusiasmn.热情
She tackled the project with great enthusiasm.她以极大的热情着手这个项目。
envyn./v.嫉妒
I envy her ability to stay calm under pressure.我羡慕她在压力下保持冷静的能力。
excitementn.兴奋
The whole town was filled with excitement before the festival.节日之前，整个小镇都充满了兴奋。
frightenv.使惊吓
Loud thunder frightened the baby.响亮的雷声吓到了宝宝。
frustratev.使沮丧
The slow internet frustrated everyone in the office.网速慢让办公室里每个人都感到沮丧。
gloomyadj.沮丧的
The weather has been gloomy all week.整个星期天气都阴沉沉的。
gratefuladj.感激的
I am grateful for all the support you've given me.我感激你给予我的所有支持。
gratituden.感激
She expressed her gratitude with a warm hug.她用一个温暖的拥抱表达了感激。
guiltyadj.内疚的
He felt guilty about forgetting her birthday.他因忘了她的生日而感到内疚。
horrorn.恐惧
She stared in horror at the accident scene.她惊恐地盯着事故现场。
hostileadj.敌对的
His hostile attitude made everyone uncomfortable.他充满敌意的态度让每个人都不舒服。
humorn.幽默
She laughed at his good humor.她被他的好幽默逗笑了。
impressv.使印象深刻
The new employee impressed everyone with her skills.新员工的技能给大家留下了深刻印象。
indifferentadj.漠不关心的
He was indifferent to the outcome of the game.他对比赛结果漠不关心。
irritatev.激怒
His constant complaining irritates me.他不停的抱怨让我恼火。
jealousadj.嫉妒的
She felt jealous of her sister's success.她对姐姐的成功感到嫉妒。
lonelyadj.孤独的
He felt lonely living far from his family.远离家人生活让他感到孤独。
mercyn.仁慈
The prisoner begged for mercy.囚犯乞求宽恕。
moodn.情绪
Her mood improved after a good night's sleep.一夜好眠后她的心情好多了。
nervousadj.紧张的
He was nervous before his presentation.演讲前他很紧张。
panicn./v.恐慌
Don't panic when you hear the alarm.听到警报时不要惊慌。
passionn.激情
She pursues her passion for photography.她追求自己对摄影的热情。
sympathyn.同情
I have deep sympathy for the victims.我对受害者深表同情。
tensionn.紧张
There was tension in the room during the meeting.会议期间房间里气氛紧张。
upsetadj./v.心烦的
She was upset by the bad news.她因这个坏消息而心烦。
worryv.担心
Don't worry, everything will be fine.别担心，一切都会好的。

7️⃣ 常用动词（46）

absorbv.吸收
Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.植物吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。
accompanyv.陪伴
Children must be accompanied by an adult.儿童必须由成人陪同。
accusev.指控
She accused him of lying.她指责他撒谎。
achievev.实现
Hard work helps you achieve your goals.努力工作能帮助你实现目标。
addv.添加
Add a pinch of salt to the soup.往汤里加一撮盐。
admitv.承认
He admitted that he had made a mistake.他承认自己犯了一个错误。
adoptv.采纳；收养
They adopted a new policy last month.他们上月通过了一项新政策。
affordv.负担得起
I can't afford a new car right now.我现在买不起新车。
agreev.同意
We agreed to meet at the cafe.我们同意在咖啡馆见面。
announcev.宣布
The company announced its new CEO.公司宣布了新任 CEO。
appointv.任命
She was appointed as the new director.她被任命为新主管。
arguev.争论
They often argue about money.他们经常为钱争吵。
arisev.出现
Problems often arise when communication fails.沟通不畅时问题常常出现。
arrangev.安排
She arranged the books on the shelf by topic.她把书按主题排列在书架上。
assistv.协助
Please assist the new employees with their training.请协助新员工进行培训。
assumev.假设
Don't assume the worst.不要往最坏处想。
attachv.附上
Please attach the file to your email.请将文件附加到邮件中。
attemptv.尝试
He made one final attempt to climb the mountain.他做了最后一次尝试去爬山。
attractv.吸引
Flowers attract bees and butterflies.花朵吸引蜜蜂和蝴蝶。
avoidv.避免
Try to avoid fried foods.尽量避免油炸食品。
banv.禁止
The school banned phones in classrooms.学校禁止在教室使用手机。
beatv.打败
Her heart beat faster when she saw him.看到他的那一刻，她的心跳加速了。
behavev.表现
Children should learn to behave politely.孩子应该学会礼貌行事。
believev.相信
I believe in your ability to succeed.我相信你有成功的能力。
belongv.属于
These books belong to the school library.这些书属于学校图书馆。
benefitv.有益于
Regular exercise has many benefits.定期锻炼有许多好处。
blamev.责备
Don't blame yourself for the mistake.不要因为这个错误而责怪自己。
borrowv.借入
May I borrow your pen?我可以借用你的钢笔吗？
calculatev.计算
Please calculate the total cost.请计算总成本。
cancelv.取消
The flight was canceled due to bad weather.航班因恶劣天气被取消了。
capturev.捕获
The photo captured the beauty of the sunset.这张照片捕捉到了日落的美。
celebratev.庆祝
They celebrated their anniversary with dinner.他们用晚餐庆祝了结婚纪念日。
challengev.挑战
Finding a job is a big challenge.找工作是一个很大的挑战。
choosev.选择
Choose the option that fits you best.选择最适合你的选项。
clarifyv.澄清
Please clarify your question.请把你的问题说清楚。
classifyv.分类
Libraries classify books by subject.图书馆按主题对书籍分类。
combinev.结合
Combine the flour and water to make dough.把面粉和水混合做成面团。
comparev.比较
Don't compare yourself to others.不要把自己和别人比较。
competev.竞争
Several companies compete for the same market.几家公司争夺同一个市场。
complainv.抱怨
She complained about the noise from next door.她抱怨隔壁的噪音。
completev.完成
Please complete the form before Friday.请在周五前填写好表格。
concentratev.集中
I can't concentrate when there's noise.有噪音时我无法集中注意力。
concernv.涉及
Her health is our main concern.她的健康是我们最关心的事。
conductv.实施
The scientist conducted a series of experiments.科学家进行了一系列实验。
confessv.坦白
He confessed to the crime.他承认了罪行。
confirmv.确认
Please confirm your booking by phone.请通过电话确认您的预订。

8️⃣ 常用形容词（46）

accurateadj.准确的
The report provides an accurate account of the event.这份报告对事件给出了准确的描述。
activeadj.活跃的
He is active in his local community.他在当地社区很活跃。
actualadj.实际的
The actual cost was higher than expected.实际成本比预期高。
additionaladj.额外的
There's an additional fee for express delivery.快递服务需要额外的费用。
advancedadj.先进的
She is taking an advanced course in physics.她在修一门高级物理课程。
alternativeadj.替代的
Is there an alternative route to the airport?去机场有别的路吗？
ambitiousadj.有雄心的
She has ambitious plans for her career.她对自己的职业有雄心勃勃的计划。
ancientadj.古代的
Ancient civilizations built remarkable structures.古代文明建造了非凡的建筑。
angryadj.生气的
He was angry about the unfair decision.他对这个不公平的决定感到愤怒。
annualadj.年度的
The company holds an annual meeting every January.公司每年一月举行年度会议。
anxiousadj.焦虑的
She felt anxious about her upcoming exam.她对即将到来的考试感到焦虑。
apparentadj.明显的
It became apparent that the project would fail.项目将失败已经变得很明显了。
appropriateadj.适当的
Wear appropriate clothing for the weather.根据天气穿着合适的衣服。
artificialadj.人造的；🤖 用于 AI（artificial intelligence）
ashamedadj.羞愧的
He felt ashamed of his behavior at the party.他对自己在聚会上的行为感到羞愧。
attractiveadj.有吸引力的
The garden was filled with attractive flowers.花园里开满了迷人的花朵。
averageadj.平均的
The average temperature in July is 28 degrees.七月的平均气温是 28 度。
awakeadj.醒着的
She was still awake at midnight.她到午夜还没睡着。
awfuladj.糟糕的
The smell from the kitchen was awful.厨房里的气味很糟糕。
basicadj.基本的
You need a basic understanding of math.你需要对数学有基本的了解。
bitteradj.苦的
The medicine left a bitter taste in her mouth.这种药在她嘴里留下苦味。
brilliantadj.杰出的
She is a brilliant young scientist.她是一位才华横溢的青年科学家。
broadadj.宽阔的
The river is broad at this point.河道在这一段很宽。
cautiousadj.谨慎的
Be cautious when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。
certainadj.确定的
Are you certain about the date?你确定这个日期吗？
cheapadj.便宜的
The flight was surprisingly cheap.这趟航班便宜得出奇。
civiladj.公民的
Please use civil language in the discussion.讨论中请使用文明的语言。
classicadj.经典的
The restaurant serves classic Italian dishes.这家餐厅供应经典的意大利菜。
comfortableadj.舒适的
These shoes are very comfortable.这双鞋非常舒适。
commercialadj.商业的
The movie was a huge commercial success.这部电影在商业上大获成功。
commonadj.普通的
It is common to see snow here in winter.这里冬天看到雪很常见。
complicatedadj.复杂的
The rules are too complicated to follow.规则太复杂，难以遵守。
concreteadj.具体的
We need concrete evidence before deciding.我们需要在决定前看到具体的证据。
confidentadj.自信的
She is confident that she will pass the exam.她确信自己能通过考试。
confusedadj.困惑的
I'm confused by the new instructions.新说明让我感到困惑。
consciousadj.有意识的
He became conscious of the noise around him.他意识到了周围的噪音。
consistentadj.一致的
Her work has been consistent throughout the year.她的工作一年来一直很稳定。
constantadj.不断的
A constant value cannot be changed after declaration.常量在声明后不能修改。
contentadj.满足的
She is content with her current job.她对现在的工作感到满意。
contraryadj.相反的
Contrary to popular belief, the earth is not flat.与普遍的看法相反，地球不是平的。
convenientadj.方便的
Online shopping is convenient for busy people.网购对忙碌的人来说很方便。
cooladj.凉爽的；酷的
The nights are cool in the mountains.山里的夜晚很凉爽。
correctadj.正确的
Your answer is correct.你的答案是正确的。
criticaladj.批评的；关键的
This is a critical moment for the company.这是公司的关键时刻。
curiousadj.好奇的
Children are naturally curious about the world.儿童天生对世界感到好奇。
currentadj.当前的；💻 电学（n.）：电流

9️⃣ 常用名词（46）

abilityn.能力
She has the ability to learn quickly.她有快速学习的能力。
accidentn.事故
He was injured in a car accident.他在一次车祸中受伤了。
achievementn.成就
Winning the award was her greatest achievement.获得这个奖项是她最大的成就。
advantagen.优势
Speaking two languages is a real advantage.会说两种语言是一个真正的优势。
adventuren.冒险
Their trip to Africa was a real adventure.他们的非洲之行是一场真正的冒险。
affairn.事务；事件
The whole affair was kept secret.整件事一直被保密。
agriculturen.农业
Modern agriculture relies heavily on technology.现代农业在很大程度上依赖科技。
alarmn.警报
The fire alarm sounded at midnight.火警在午夜响了。
ambitionn.雄心
Her ambition is to become a doctor.她的志向是成为一名医生。
amountn.数量
The total amount of money is one thousand dollars.总金额是 1000 美元。
analysisn.分析
The analysis showed a clear trend.分析显示出一个明显的趋势。
ancestorn.祖先
Our ancestors came from this region.我们的祖先来自这个地区。
animaln.动物
The zoo has animals from all over the world.动物园有来自世界各地的动物。
applicationn.申请；应用；💻 计算机：应用程序（App）
argumentn.争论
They had a heated argument about money.他们就钱的问题激烈争吵了一番。
arrangementn.安排
We need to make travel arrangements soon.我们需要尽快安排旅行。
aspectn.方面
Consider every aspect of the problem.考虑这个问题的每个方面。
assessmentn.评估
The teacher made a quick assessment of the students.老师对学生们做了快速评估。
assumptionn.假设
Your assumption is not correct.你的假设不正确。
atmospheren.气氛
The atmosphere in the room was tense.房间里的气氛很紧张。
attemptn.尝试
He made one final attempt to climb the mountain.他做了最后一次尝试去爬山。
attituden.态度
Her positive attitude helped the team succeed.她积极的态度帮助团队取得了成功。
audiencen.观众
The audience gave the singer a standing ovation.观众给歌手起立鼓掌。
authorityn.权威
She has the authority to make that decision.她有权做出那个决定。
awardn.奖
She won an award for best actress.她获得了最佳女演员奖。
barriern.障碍
Language can be a barrier to communication.语言可能是沟通的障碍。
behaviorn.行为
His behavior at the meeting was inappropriate.他在会议上的行为不妥。
beliefn.信念
Strong belief can move mountains.坚定的信念可以移山。
benefitn.益处
Regular exercise has many benefits.定期锻炼有许多好处。
boundaryn.边界
The river forms a natural boundary.这条河形成了自然的边界。
burdenn.负担
He carried the burden of supporting his family.他承担着养家的重担。
candidaten.候选人
She is the strongest candidate for the position.她是这个职位最有实力的候选人。
capacityn.容量
Check the capacity of the SSD before installing large games.安装大型游戏前，先查看固态硬盘的容量。
categoryn.类别
These books fall into the fiction category.这些书属于小说类。
challengen.挑战
Finding a job is a big challenge.找工作是一个很大的挑战。
charactern.性格；角色；💻 计算机：字符
characteristicn.特征
Curiosity is a characteristic of scientists.好奇心是科学家的特征。
choicen.选择
You have a choice between tea and coffee.茶和咖啡你可以选一个。
circumstancen.环境
Under the circumstances, we must postpone the trip.在这种情况下，我们必须推迟行程。
citizenn.公民
Every citizen has the right to vote.每位公民都有投票权。
civilizationn.文明
Ancient civilizations left behind remarkable ruins.古代文明留下了非凡的遗址。
cluen.线索
The detective found a crucial clue.侦探发现了一条关键线索。
coincidencen.巧合
It was pure coincidence that we met.我们相遇纯属巧合。
collapsen.倒塌
The collapse of the bridge shocked everyone.桥梁的坍塌震惊了所有人。
comfortn.舒适
Her words gave me great comfort.她的话给了我很大的安慰。
commentn.评论
He made a brief comment on the article.他对这篇文章做了简短的评论。

🔟 常用副词与连接词（50）

absolutelyadv.绝对地
She is absolutely right about that.她在这一点上完全正确。
accordinglyadv.相应地
He knew the risks and acted accordingly.他了解风险，并采取了相应行动。
actuallyadv.实际上
Actually, I prefer tea over coffee.其实，比起咖啡我更喜欢茶。
afterward(s)adv.后来
We had lunch and afterward went for a walk.我们吃完午饭，之后去散步了。
almostadv.几乎
I almost missed the train.我差点误了火车。
alreadyadv.已经
She has already finished her homework.她已经完成了作业。
althoughconj.尽管
The computer is although the desk.电脑在桌子尽管。
anywayadv.无论如何
It was raining, but we went out anyway.天在下雨，但我们还是出门了。
apparentlyadv.显然
Apparently, the meeting has been canceled.显然，会议已经被取消了。
besidesadv.此外
Besides English, she also speaks French.除了英语，她还会说法语。
brieflyadv.简要地
He explained the plan briefly to the team.他向团队简要地说明了计划。
certainlyadv.当然
You can certainly rely on me.你完全可以依靠我。
consequentlyadv.因此
He missed the bus, consequently he was late.他错过了公共汽车，因此迟到了。
definitelyadv.肯定地
I will definitely be there tomorrow.我明天一定会去。
despiteprep.尽管
The file is stored despite the server.文件存储在服务器尽管。
easilyadv.容易地
She finished the work easily within an hour.她轻松地在一小时内完成了工作。
effectivelyadv.有效地
The new rules have effectively reduced noise.新规则有效地减少了噪音。
eitheradv.也（不）
You can take either road to the station.你可以走任何一条路到车站。
especiallyadv.尤其
I love fruit, especially mangoes.我喜欢水果，尤其是芒果。
eventuallyadv.最终
After many tries, he eventually succeeded.经过多次尝试，他最终成功了。
exactlyadv.确切地
That is exactly what I meant.那正是我的意思。
extremelyadv.极其
The movie was extremely moving.这部电影极其感人。
fairlyadv.相当
The test was fairly easy.这次测试相当简单。
finallyadv.最后
Finally, we reached the top of the mountain.我们终于到达了山顶。
frequentlyadv.频繁地
She frequently travels for work.她经常出差。
furthermoreadv.此外
The hotel is comfortable, and furthermore it is affordable.这家酒店很舒适，而且价格合理。
generallyadv.通常
Generally, I prefer tea in the morning.通常，我早上更喜欢喝茶。
graduallyadv.逐渐地
The sky gradually turned pink at dawn.黎明时天空渐渐变成粉色。
hardlyadv.几乎不
I hardly know anyone at the party.我在聚会上几乎不认识任何人。
howeveradv.然而
It was raining; however, we still went hiking.虽然下雨，我们还是去远足了。
immediatelyadv.立即
Please come here immediately.请马上到这里来。
indeedadv.确实
Thank you, indeed, for your help.真的非常感谢你的帮助。
insteadadv.代替
I'll have tea instead of coffee.我不喝咖啡，改喝茶。
likewiseadv.同样地
Happy New Year to you, likewise!新年快乐，你也是！
meanwhileadv.同时
Meanwhile, the kids were playing outside.与此同时，孩子们在外面玩。
merelyadv.仅仅
It was merely a joke.这只是个玩笑而已。
moreoveradv.此外
He is smart; moreover, he is hardworking.他很聪明，而且很努力。
mostlyadv.主要地
The audience was mostly young people.观众大多是年轻人。
neverthelessadv.然而
The task was hard; nevertheless, she finished it on time.任务很艰巨，但她还是按时完成了。
occasionallyadv.偶尔
We occasionally eat out on weekends.我们偶尔周末在外面吃饭。
otherwiseadv.否则
Hurry up, otherwise we will miss the train.快点，否则我们会赶不上火车。
particularlyadv.特别
I particularly enjoy classical music.我特别喜欢古典音乐。
permanentlyadv.永久地
The damage to the building is permanently visible.建筑上的损坏永远可见。
probablyadv.可能
It will probably rain tomorrow.明天很可能下雨。
rarelyadv.很少
She rarely eats fast food.她很少吃快餐。
regardlessadv.无论如何
He decided to go regardless of the rain.不管下雨，他决定去。
scarcelyadv.几乎不
She had scarcely any time to rest.她几乎没有休息时间。
thereforeadv.因此
He studied hard; therefore, he passed the exam.他努力学习，因此通过了考试。
thusadv.因此
He woke up late, thus missing the meeting.他起晚了，因此错过了会议。
unlessconj.除非
The computer is unless the desk.电脑在桌子除非。

🔗 Part 2 四级高频短语（18 个）

account for解释；占（比例）
adapt to适应
attribute...to...把……归因于……
be exposed to暴露于；接触到
contribute to有助于；导致
cope with应对；处理
in spite of尽管
in the long run从长远来看
lead to导致；引起
result in / result from导致 / 由……引起
take advantage of利用
be responsible for对……负责
play a vital role in在……中起重要作用
have access to有机会使用/接触
on behalf of代表
as a result结果；因此
in conclusion总之；最后
on the contrary相反

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（27 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（6 题）

  1. Regular exercise is beneficial to both physical and mental health.
  2. The scientist attributed his success to hard work and curiosity.
  3. We must take measures to alleviate traffic congestion in big cities.
  4. The government should promote the sustainable use of natural resources.
  5. It is evident that sufficient sleep improves memory.
  6. Making full use of time should be a priority for every student.

二、汉译英（6 题）

  1. 大学生应该学会适应新环境。
  2. 这项研究对教育具有至关重要的意义。
  3. 他最终实现了自己的目标。
  4. 网络使人们能够获取大量信息。
  5. 运动在我们的健康中起着重要作用。
  6. 这种现象在年轻人中很普遍。

三、选词填空（7 题）

词库：controversial · efficient · dilemma · demonstrate · emphasize · potential · reliable
  1. Whether students should use smartphones in class is a issue.
  2. We need to find a more way to complete the task.
  3. Faced with the , she didn't know what to do.
  4. The teacher tried to the theory with an experiment.
  5. Parents should the importance of honesty to their children.
  6. Everyone has the to succeed.
  7. The information from this website is .

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 从长远来看 →
  2. 对……负责 →
  3. result in →
  4. account for →
  5. 利用 →
  6. cope with →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The Importance of Lifelong Learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 中国的教育体系历史悠久，重视基础知识的传授和学生品德的培养。随着时代的发展，越来越多的高校开始注重培养学生的创新能力和实践能力。终身学习的理念也越来越深入人心，人们意识到学习不仅仅发生在校园里，而是贯穿于整个生命过程。在信息化社会中，持续学习新知识、新技能已成为每个人保持竞争力的必要条件。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 经常锻炼对身心健康都有益。
  2. 这位科学家把他的成功归因于勤奋和好奇心。
  3. 我们必须采取措施缓解大城市的交通拥堵。
  4. 政府应当促进自然资源的可持续利用。
  5. 显而易见，充足的睡眠能改善记忆力。
  6. 充分利用时间应该是每个学生的首要任务。

二、汉译英

  1. College students should learn to adapt to the new environment.
  2. This research is of crucial significance to education.
  3. He eventually accomplished his goal.
  4. The Internet enables people to have access to a large amount of information.
  5. Exercise plays a vital role in our health.
  6. This phenomenon is very common among young people.

三、选词填空

  1. controversial
  2. efficient
  3. dilemma
  4. demonstrate
  5. emphasize
  6. potential
  7. reliable

四、短语互译

  1. in the long run
  2. be responsible for
  3. 导致
  4. 解释；占（比例）
  5. take advantage of
  6. 应对；处理

五、写作训练（参考范文）

The Importance of Lifelong Learning

Knowledge is updated at an astonishing speed in the information age. What we learn in college may become out of date in just a few years. That is why lifelong learning is more important than ever.

Lifelong learning brings us many benefits. It keeps our minds active and helps us adapt to the changing world. Moreover, it provides us with more career opportunities and makes our lives richer and more meaningful. Most importantly, learning new things can be a source of joy in itself.

Therefore, we should develop the habit of lifelong learning. Whether it is reading books, taking online courses, or learning from daily experiences, every bit of new knowledge counts. As the saying goes, it is never too old to learn.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

China's education system has a long history and attaches great importance to the teaching of basic knowledge and the cultivation of students' moral character. With the development of the times, more and more universities have begun to focus on developing students' innovative and practical abilities. The concept of lifelong learning has also gained popularity. People realize that learning does not only happen on campus but runs through the whole life. In the information society, continuously acquiring new knowledge and skills has become a necessary condition for everyone to remain competitive.

💪 Part 4 强化训练（13 题）新增 · 英语四级核心词汇（上）

一、英译汉（4 题）

  1. The government should take effective measures to protect the environment.
  2. Reading widely can broaden your horizons and enrich your mind.
  3. It is universally acknowledged that health is more important than wealth.
  4. The rapid development of technology has brought great convenience to our lives.

二、汉译英（4 题）

  1. 越来越多的大学生选择毕业后自主创业。
  2. 养成好习惯对成功至关重要。
  3. 我们应该充分利用课余时间学习新技能。
  4. 父母的言行对孩子有深远的影响。

三、选词填空（4 题）

词库：pursue · obstacle · foundation · opportunity
  1. Everyone has the right to happiness.
  2. Lack of confidence is the biggest to success.
  3. Hard work is the of achievement.
  4. This internship is a great to learn.

四、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 环境保护是当今世界面临的最大挑战之一。随着工业化的推进，空气和水污染日益严重，气候变化的影响也愈发明显。幸运的是，各国政府已经意识到问题的严重性，开始采取积极措施，如发展可再生能源、推广电动汽车。作为个人，我们也可以从身边小事做起，比如节约用水、减少使用塑料制品。只有全社会共同努力，才能为子孙后代留下一个美丽的地球。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 政府应采取有效措施保护环境。
  2. 广泛阅读能开阔视野、丰富心灵。
  3. 众所周知，健康比财富更重要。
  4. 科技的飞速发展给我们的生活带来了极大的便利。

二、汉译英

  1. More and more college students choose to start their own businesses after graduation.
  2. Developing good habits is crucial to success.
  3. We should make full use of our spare time to learn new skills.
  4. Parents' words and deeds have a profound influence on their children.

三、选词填空

  1. pursue
  2. obstacle
  3. foundation
  4. opportunity

四、长文翻译（参考译文）

Environmental protection is one of the greatest challenges facing the world today. With the advance of industrialization, air and water pollution are becoming increasingly serious, and the impact of climate change is more and more evident. Fortunately, governments around the world have realized the seriousness of the problem and begun to take active measures, such as developing renewable energy and promoting electric vehicles. As individuals, we can also start with small things around us, such as saving water and reducing the use of plastic products. Only with the joint efforts of the whole society can we leave a beautiful planet to future generations.

阶段六：英语四级核心词汇（下）500 词 · 18 短语 · 40 题

🎯 学习目标：掌握四级高频名词、动词与逻辑衔接词，重点突破阅读中的同义替换与写作中的逻辑表达，涵盖教育、科技、环境、社会等四级常考话题词汇。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1academic
/ˌækəˈdemɪk/		adj.学术的；学校的Students should focus on academic performance.学生应该专注于学业成绩。
2access
/ˈækses/		n./v.访问；进入；使用权Students have access to the library 24 hours a day.学生可以24小时使用图书馆。
3accommodate
/əˈkɒmədeɪt/		v.容纳；提供住宿The hall can accommodate 500 people.这个大厅能容纳500人。
4accumulate
/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/		v.积累；积聚We accumulate knowledge through reading.我们通过阅读积累知识。
5accurate
/ˈækjərət/		adj.准确的；精确的The report must be accurate and complete.报告必须准确完整。
6acknowledge
/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/		v.承认；致谢He acknowledged his mistake and apologized.他承认了自己的错误并道了歉。
7adjust
/əˈdʒʌst/		v.调整；适应You need to adjust your study schedule.你需要调整你的学习计划。
8administration
/ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/		n.管理；行政部门The school administration decided to extend the library hours.学校管理层决定延长图书馆开放时间。
9advocate
/ˈædvəkeɪt/		v.提倡；拥护Many experts advocate lifelong learning.许多专家提倡终身学习。
10affect
/əˈfekt/		v.影响；感动Weather can affect people's mood.天气会影响人的情绪。
11alternative
/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/		n.替代品 adj.可替代的Solar energy is a clean alternative to coal.太阳能是煤炭的清洁替代品。
12ambition
/æmˈbɪʃn/		n.雄心；抱负Her ambition is to become a doctor.她的抱负是成为一名医生。
13analyse/-yze
/ˈænəlaɪz/		v.分析We need to analyse the data carefully.我们需要仔细分析数据。
14approach
/əˈprəʊtʃ/		n./v.方法；接近This is a new approach to language learning.这是一种新的语言学习方法。
15appropriate
/əˈprəʊpriət/		adj.适当的；恰当的Jeans are not appropriate for formal occasions.牛仔裤不适合正式场合。
16assess
/əˈses/		v.评估；评定Teachers assess students through exams and projects.老师通过考试和项目来评估学生。
17assignment
/əˈsaɪnmənt/		n.作业；任务The assignment is due next Monday.作业下周一到期。
18assistance
/əˈsɪstəns/		n.帮助；协助Thank you for your kind assistance.谢谢你的热心帮助。
19atmosphere
/ˈætməsfɪə(r)/		n.大气；氛围The library has a quiet atmosphere for study.图书馆有安静的学习氛围。
20attach
/əˈtætʃ/		v.附加；系上；重视Please attach importance to physical exercise.请重视体育锻炼。
21attitude
/ˈætɪtjuːd/		n.态度；看法A positive attitude helps overcome difficulties.积极的态度有助于克服困难。
22authority
/ɔːˈθɒrəti/		n.权威；当局The local authority issued a new policy.当地当局发布了一项新政策。
23automatic
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/		adj.自动的The door is automatic.这扇门是自动的。
24balance
/ˈbæləns/		n./v.平衡；余额We should keep a balance between work and life.我们应该保持工作与生活的平衡。
25behavior
/bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/		n.行为；举止Good behavior is expected in public places.在公共场所应有良好的行为举止。
26benefit
/ˈbenɪfɪt/		n./v.益处；受益于Regular exercise benefits both body and mind.经常锻炼对身心都有益。
27campus
/ˈkæmpəs/		n.校园Our campus is beautiful in spring.我们的校园春天很美。
28candidate
/ˈkændɪdət/		n.候选人；应试者There are three candidates for the position.这个职位有三名候选人。
29career
/kəˈrɪə(r)/		n.职业；生涯She wants to pursue a career in medicine.她想从事医学职业。
30challenge
/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/		n./v.挑战Learning a new language is a great challenge.学习一门新语言是一个巨大的挑战。
31circumstance
/ˈsɜːkəmstəns/		n.环境；情况Under no circumstances should we give up.在任何情况下我们都不应该放弃。
32commit
/kəˈmɪt/		v.承诺；犯（罪）；投入；💻 计算机：提交（代码/事务）We should commit ourselves to environmental protection.我们应该致力于环境保护。
33community
/kəˈmjuːnəti/		n.社区；共同体Volunteers serve the local community.志愿者为当地社区服务。
34compete
/kəmˈpiːt/		v.竞争；比赛Students compete for limited scholarships.学生竞争有限的奖学金。
35complex
/ˈkɒmpleks/		adj.复杂的This is a complex mathematical problem.这是一道复杂的数学题。
36concentrate
/ˈkɒnsntreɪt/		v.集中注意力It's hard to concentrate in a noisy environment.在嘈杂的环境中很难集中注意力。
37conclusion
/kənˈkluːʒn/		n.结论；结束We came to the conclusion that practice is essential.我们得出结论：练习是必不可少的。
38condition
/kənˈdɪʃn/		n.条件；状况The living conditions in the dormitory are good.宿舍的生活条件很好。
39confidence
/ˈkɒnfɪdəns/		n.信心；信任Practice builds confidence in speaking English.练习能建立说英语的自信。
40confirm
/kənˈfɜːm/		v.确认；证实Please confirm your reservation by email.请通过邮件确认你的预订。
41conflict
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/		n./v.冲突；矛盾There is a conflict between work and study.工作和学习之间有冲突。
42conserve
/kənˈsɜːv/		v.保护；节约We must conserve water and electricity.我们必须节约水电。
43consideration
/kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/		n.考虑；体贴Please take my application into consideration.请考虑我的申请。
44consistent
/kənˈsɪstənt/		adj.一致的；持续的Consistent effort leads to success.持续的努力通向成功。
45constant
/ˈkɒnstənt/		adj.不断的；恒定的Constant practice improves your skills.不断的练习能提高你的技能。
46construct
/kənˈstrʌkt/		v.建造；构建They plan to construct a new library.他们计划建一座新图书馆。
47consume
/kənˈsjuːm/		v.消耗；消费We consume too much time on smartphones.我们在智能手机上花费了太多时间。
48contemporary
/kənˈtemprəri/		adj.当代的；同时代的Contemporary art reflects modern society.当代艺术反映了现代社会。
49context
/ˈkɒntekst/		n.上下文；背景You can guess the meaning from the context.你可以从上下文中猜出词义。
50contrast
/ˈkɒntrɑːst/		n./v.对比；反差In contrast to city life, country life is quiet.与城市生活相比，乡村生活很安静。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（450 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 自然与地理（45）

oceann.海洋
The Pacific Ocean is the largest in the world.太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。
continentn.大陆
Asia is the largest continent by both area and population.亚洲是面积和人口最大的洲。
islandn.岛屿
The small island is home to only fifty people.这个小岛上只住着五十个人。
peninsulan.半岛
Italy is a peninsula extending into the Mediterranean Sea.意大利是伸入地中海的一个半岛。
gulfn.海湾
The Gulf of Mexico is famous for its warm waters.墨西哥湾以其温暖的海水著称。
straitn.海峡
The Strait of Malacca is one of the busiest shipping lanes.马六甲海峡是最繁忙的航道之一。
coastn.海岸
We drove along the coast for two hours.我们沿着海岸开了两个小时的车。
shoren.岸；滨
We walked along the shore at sunset.日落时我们在岸边散步。
beachn.海滩
The beach was crowded with tourists in July.七月的海滩挤满了游客。
cliffn.悬崖
The climbers carefully scaled the cliff.攀登者小心翼翼地攀上悬崖。
valleyn.山谷
The valley was filled with blooming flowers.山谷里开满了鲜花。
canyonn.峡谷
The Grand Canyon is over a mile deep.大峡谷深达一英里多。
peakn.山峰
The mountain peak is covered in snow year-round.山顶终年积雪。
summitn.顶峰
We finally reached the summit at noon.我们终于在中午到达了山顶。
ridgen.山脊
A long ridge runs through the center of the mountain.一条长长的山脊穿过山的中央。
slopen.斜坡
The northern slope is much steeper than the southern one.北坡比南坡陡得多。
plainn.平原
Wide plains stretch across northern China.广阔的平原横跨中国北方。
plateaun.高原
The Tibetan Plateau is the highest in the world.青藏高原是世界上海拔最高的高原。
basinn.盆地
The Amazon Basin covers much of South America.亚马逊流域覆盖了南美洲的大部分地区。
desertn.沙漠
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert.撒哈拉沙漠是最大的热带沙漠。
oasisn.绿洲
The travelers found an oasis in the middle of the desert.旅行者在沙漠中央找到了一个绿洲。
glaciern.冰川
Glaciers are melting faster than ever before.冰川正在以前所未有的速度融化。
volcanon.火山
The volcano has been dormant for hundreds of years.这座火山已经休眠了数百年。
earthquaken.地震
The earthquake struck the city at dawn.地震在黎明时袭击了这座城市。
floodn.洪水
Heavy rains caused the river to flood.暴雨导致河流泛滥。
droughtn.干旱
Severe drought has hit the southern regions.严重干旱袭击了南部地区。
hurricanen.飓风
The hurricane made landfall early Saturday morning.飓风在周六凌晨登陆。
typhoonn.台风
The typhoon caused widespread power outages.台风造成了广泛的停电。
tornadon.龙卷风
A tornado destroyed several homes in the village.龙卷风摧毁了村子里的几座房屋。
lightningn.闪电
Lightning struck the old oak tree.闪电击中了这棵老橡树。
thundern.雷
Loud thunder woke the children.响亮的雷声把孩子们惊醒了。
rainbown.彩虹
A beautiful rainbow appeared after the rain.雨后出现了一道美丽的彩虹。
fogn.雾
Dense fog made driving dangerous.浓雾使开车变得危险。
mistn.薄雾
A thin mist covered the lake at dawn.黎明时薄雾笼罩着湖面。
frostn.霜
Frost damaged the early spring crops.霜冻损害了早春的农作物。
hailn.冰雹
Hail the size of golf balls fell during the storm.暴风雨期间下了高尔夫球大小的冰雹。
tiden.潮汐
High tide occurs twice a day.涨潮每天发生两次。
currentn.水流；气流；💻 电学：电流
waterfalln.瀑布
Niagara Falls is one of the most famous waterfalls.尼亚加拉瀑布是最著名的瀑布之一。
springn.泉水
A natural spring provides fresh water for the village.一个天然泉为村庄提供淡水。
streamn.溪流；💻 网络：数据流；流媒体
pondn.池塘
Ducks swim in the pond behind the house.鸭子在房子后面的池塘里游泳。
swampn.沼泽
The swamp is home to many rare species.这片沼泽是许多稀有物种的家园。
junglen.丛林
Tigers live in the dense jungle.老虎生活在茂密的丛林中。
bayn.海湾
The bay was calm and full of small boats.海湾平静，停满了小船。

2️⃣ 交通与旅行（45）

vehiclen.车辆
Electric vehicles are becoming more popular.电动汽车越来越受欢迎。
automobilen.汽车
The automobile industry has changed dramatically.汽车行业已经发生了巨大变化。
truckn.卡车
A truck delivered the furniture this morning.卡车今天早上送来了家具。
vann.厢式货车
The school uses a van to transport students.学校用一辆面包车接送学生。
ambulancen.救护车
The ambulance arrived within five minutes.救护车五分钟内到达。
bicyclen.自行车
She rides her bicycle to work every day.她每天骑自行车上班。
motorcyclen.摩托车
He sold his motorcycle to pay for college.他卖了摩托车来付大学费用。
subwayn.地铁
The subway is the fastest way to get downtown.地铁是去市中心最快的方式。
railwayn.铁路
The new railway connects two major cities.这条新铁路连接了两座主要城市。
locomotiven.火车头
The old locomotive is now in a museum.这辆旧机车现在在博物馆里。
carriagen.车厢
They traveled by horse-drawn carriage.他们乘马车旅行。
compartmentn.隔间
She slept in the train's six-person compartment.她在火车的六人间里睡觉。
platformn.站台；💻 计算机：（软件）平台
terminaln.终点站
Please arrive at the terminal an hour early.请提前一小时到达航站楼。
destinationn.目的地
Our final destination is Paris.我们最终的目的地是巴黎。
departuren.出发
The departure time is listed on the ticket.出发时间印在票上。
arrivaln.到达
Please confirm your arrival time in advance.请提前确认到达时间。
schedulen.时刻表
Check the train schedule before you leave.出发前查一下列车时刻表。
faren.车费
The bus fare has increased slightly.公交车票价略有上涨。
ticketn.票
I bought a round-trip ticket to Tokyo.我买了一张去东京的往返票。
luggagen.行李
Please do not leave your luggage unattended.请不要无人看管你的行李。
baggagen.行李
The airline allows one piece of free baggage.航空公司允许一件免费行李。
suitcasen.手提箱
She packed her suitcase the night before.她前一晚收拾了手提箱。
passportn.护照
Your passport must be valid for six months.你的护照必须有六个月的有效期。
visan.签证
Apply for a visa well before your trip.在旅行前尽早申请签证。
customsn.海关
You must declare all goods at customs.你必须在海关申报所有物品。
immigrationn.入境检查
Wait in line at the immigration counter.在入境检查窗口排队等候。
touristn.游客
Tourists often visit the old town in summer.游客们常在夏天参观老城区。
tourismn.旅游业
Tourism is a major industry in this region.旅游业是该地区的主要产业。
souvenirn.纪念品
I bought a small souvenir from the gift shop.我在礼品店买了一个小纪念品。
itineraryn.行程
Our itinerary includes three days in Rome.我们的行程包括在罗马的三天。
voyagen.航行
The voyage across the Pacific took three weeks.横渡太平洋的航程花了三周。
cruisen.邮轮旅行
They went on a cruise for their anniversary.他们为庆祝结婚纪念日去坐游轮。
flightn.航班
The flight was delayed by two hours.航班延误了两个小时。
airlinen.航空公司
This airline offers free meals on long flights.这家航空公司在长途航班上提供免费餐食。
pilotn.飞行员
The pilot announced that we would land soon.机长宣布我们很快就要降落了。
crewn.机组人员
The crew prepared the cabin for landing.机组人员为降落准备好了机舱。
cabinn.客舱
We booked a small cabin by the lake.我们在湖边订了一间小屋。
runwayn.跑道
The plane taxied along the runway.飞机沿跑道滑行。
highwayn.公路
The new highway cuts through the mountain.这条新高速公路穿山而过。
intersectionn.十字路口
Turn right at the next intersection.在下一个十字路口右转。
roundaboutn.环岛
Take the second exit at the roundabout.在环岛走第二个出口。
tunneln.隧道
The tunnel runs under the river.这条隧道从河底穿过。
bridgen.桥梁；💻 网络：网桥
pedestriann.行人
Pedestrians should use the crosswalk.行人应当走人行横道。

3️⃣ 媒体与传播（45）

median.媒体
Social media has changed how we communicate.社交媒体改变了我们的沟通方式。
mediumn.媒介
Television is a powerful medium for advertising.电视是一种强大的广告媒介。
pressn.新闻界
The press reported on the event extensively.媒体广泛报道了这一事件。
journalismn.新闻业
Investigative journalism requires courage and patience.调查性新闻需要勇气和耐心。
journalistn.记者
The journalist interviewed the prime minister.记者采访了首相。
reportern.记者
A reporter covered the story from the scene.一名记者从现场报道了这件事。
editorn.编辑；💻 计算机：编辑器
editorialn.社论
The editorial criticized the new tax law.社论批评了新的税法。
headlinen.头条
The headline caught everyone's attention.标题引起了所有人的注意。
articlen.文章
She wrote an article about climate change.她写了一篇关于气候变化的文章。
columnn.专栏
He writes a weekly column for the newspaper.他为这家报纸每周写一篇专栏。
featuren.特写；💻 计算机：功能；🤖 AI：特征
interviewn./v.采访
The interview lasted over an hour.采访持续了一个多小时。
broadcastn./v.广播
The match was broadcast live on TV.比赛在电视上直播。
channeln.频道
You can watch the news on this channel.你可以在这频道上看新闻。
programn.节目；💻 计算机：程序
documentaryn.纪录片
The documentary about oceans won an award.这部关于海洋的纪录片获奖了。
advertisementn.广告
The advertisement appeared on every billboard.广告出现在每个广告牌上。
billboardn.广告牌
A huge billboard stood above the highway.高速公路上方竖着一块巨大的广告牌。
postern.海报
The poster advertises the upcoming concert.这张海报宣传即将到来的音乐会。
brochuren.小册子
Pick up a brochure at the hotel reception.在酒店前台拿一本宣传册。
magazinen.杂志
She subscribed to a fashion magazine.她订了一份时尚杂志。
journaln.期刊
He publishes his research in a scientific journal.他在科学期刊上发表研究成果。
publicationn.出版物
The publication date is scheduled for next month.出版日期定在下个月。
publishern.出版商
The publisher accepted her manuscript.出版商接受了她的手稿。
circulationn.发行量
The newspaper's circulation has dropped sharply.该报纸的发行量急剧下降。
subscribev.订阅
You can subscribe to the newsletter for free.你可以免费订阅该通讯。
subscriptionn.订阅
Your subscription expires next month.你的订阅下个月到期。
viewern.观众
The show attracts millions of viewers.这个节目吸引了数百万观众。
listenern.听众
The listener is notified when the event occurs.事件发生时监听器会收到通知。
ratingn.收视率
The show has a high rating among young audiences.该节目在年轻观众中收视率很高。
networkn.电视网
The network covers the entire country.该网络覆盖全国。
studion.演播室
She works in a recording studio.她在录音棚工作。
microphonen.麦克风
Please speak into the microphone.请对着麦克风说话。
cameran.摄像机
The camera captured every detail.相机捕捉到了每一个细节。
scenen.场景
The opening scene was filmed in Paris.开场戏在巴黎拍摄。
episoden.一集
The first episode aired last night.第一集昨晚播出。
seriesn.连续剧
The series will return for a second season.这部剧将回归第二季。
entertainmentn.娱乐
The festival offers music and other entertainment.音乐节提供音乐和其他娱乐活动。
celebrityn.名人
The celebrity signed autographs for fans.这位名人为粉丝签名。
rumorn.谣言
The rumor spread quickly through the office.谣言在办公室里迅速传开。
coveragen.报道
The event received extensive media coverage.该事件得到了广泛的媒体报道。
anchorn.主播
The anchor reported live from the scene.主持人从现场进行了直播报道。
livestreamn.直播
The concert will be available as a livestream.这场音乐会将通过直播提供。
podcastn.播客
I listen to that podcast on my way to work.我上班路上听那个播客。

4️⃣ 政治与法律（45）

governmentn.政府
The government announced new measures to fight inflation.政府宣布了抗击通胀的新措施。
politicsn.政治
Politics often divides families.政治常常让家庭产生分歧。
politiciann.政治家
The politician gave a speech at the rally.那位政治家在集会上发表了演讲。
policyn.政策
The new policy will take effect in January.新政策将于一月生效。
democracyn.民主
Democracy requires active participation from citizens.民主需要公民的积极参与。
democraticadj.民主的
The country has a democratic government.该国有一个民主政府。
republicn.共和国
France is officially a republic.法国正式是一个共和国。
electionn.选举
The election will be held next November.选举将于明年十一月举行。
voten./v.投票
Every citizen has the right to vote.每位公民都有投票权。
votern.选民
Voters turned out in record numbers.投票人数创下了纪录。
campaignn.竞选活动
The campaign lasted six months.这次竞选持续了六个月。
polln.民意测验
The latest poll shows a tight race.最新民调显示竞争激烈。
debaten./v.辩论
They debated the issue for hours.他们就这个问题辩论了几个小时。
parliamentn.议会
Parliament passed the new law yesterday.议会昨天通过了这项新法律。
congressn.国会
Congress approved the budget.国会批准了预算。
senaten.参议院
The Senate voted on the bill.参议院就该法案进行了投票。
ministern.部长
The minister answered questions from journalists.部长回答了记者的提问。
ministryn.部
She works at the Ministry of Education.她在教育部工作。
mayorn.市长
The mayor addressed the city council.市长向市议会发表了讲话。
governorn.州长
The governor signed the bill into law.州长将法案签署为法律。
officialn.官员
The official statement was released this morning.官方声明于今早发布。
bureaun.局；处
She works at the news bureau in Tokyo.她在东京的新闻局工作。
departmentn.部门
He runs the sales department.他管理销售部。
agencyn.机构
The travel agency arranged our trip.旅行社安排了我们的行程。
lawn.法律
Everyone is equal before the law.法律面前人人平等。
legaladj.法律的
You need legal advice before signing.签字前你需要法律咨询。
illegaladj.非法的
Downloading pirated software is illegal.下载盗版软件是违法的。
legislationn.立法
The new legislation will protect consumers.新立法将保护消费者。
regulationn.规章
Strict regulations govern food safety.严格的法规管理食品安全。
rulen.规则
Follow the rules or face penalties.遵守规则，否则将受处罚。
constitutionn.宪法
The constitution guarantees free speech.宪法保障言论自由。
rightn.权利
Everyone has the right to education.每个人都有受教育的权利。
dutyn.义务
It is your duty to report the crime.举报犯罪是你的义务。
obligationn.义务
You have no legal obligation to attend.你没有法律义务出席。
citizenshipn.公民身份
She applied for Canadian citizenship.她申请了加拿大国籍。
libertyn.自由
They fought for liberty and equality.他们为自由和平等而战。
justicen.正义
Justice must be served fairly.正义必须公平地得到伸张。
judgen.法官
The judge sentenced him to five years.法官判他五年刑期。
courtn.法庭
The case will be heard in court next month.案件将于下月在法庭开庭审理。
trialn.审判
The trial lasted three weeks.审判持续了三个星期。
witnessn.证人
The witness testified under oath.证人宣誓后作证。
evidencen.证据
There is strong evidence against him.有对他不利的有力证据。
lawyern.律师
She hired a lawyer to handle the case.她聘请了一位律师来处理这个案件。
penaltyn.处罚
The penalty for late payment is a fine.迟付款的处罚是罚款。
verdictn.裁决
The jury reached a verdict after two days.陪审团在两天后做出了裁决。

5️⃣ 艺术与娱乐（45）

artn.艺术
She studied art history at university.她在大学里学习艺术史。
artistn.艺术家
The artist displayed her paintings in the gallery.艺术家在画廊展出她的画作。
artisticadj.艺术的
The building has great artistic value.这座建筑具有很高的艺术价值。
paintingn.绘画
The painting hangs above the fireplace.那幅画挂在壁炉上方。
drawingn.素描
She made a quick drawing of the view.她快速画了一幅风景。
sketchn.速写
He drew a sketch of the house.他画了一张房子的草图。
sculpturen.雕塑
The sculpture is made of marble.这座雕塑由大理石制成。
statuen.雕像
A bronze statue stands in the park.公园里立着一座铜像。
galleryn.画廊
The gallery hosts modern art exhibitions.这个画廊举办现代艺术展览。
museumn.博物馆
The museum is open from Tuesday to Sunday.博物馆周二到周日开放。
exhibitionn.展览
The exhibition runs until next month.展览持续到下个月。
masterpiecen.杰作
This painting is considered a masterpiece.这幅画被视为杰作。
portraitn.肖像
She painted a portrait of her grandmother.她画了一幅祖母的肖像。
landscapen.风景画
The landscape was painted in oils.这幅风景画是用油画颜料画的。
canvasn.画布
The artist works on a large canvas.艺术家在一块大画布上作画。
brushn.画笔
Use a soft brush for watercolor.画水彩用软毛笔。
paletten.调色板
She mixed the colors on her palette.她在调色板上调色。
musicn.音乐
Music can change your mood instantly.音乐能立刻改变你的心情。
musiciann.音乐家
The musician played a beautiful sonata.音乐家演奏了一首美丽的奏鸣曲。
instrumentn.乐器
The piano is a keyboard instrument.钢琴是一种键盘乐器。
pianon.钢琴
She has been playing the piano since age five.她从五岁起就开始弹钢琴。
violinn.小提琴
The violin has a beautiful tone.小提琴音色很美。
guitarn.吉他
He played the guitar at the campfire.他在篝火旁弹吉他。
orchestran.管弦乐队
The orchestra performed at the concert hall.管弦乐队在音乐厅演出。
concertn.音乐会
We have tickets to the concert tonight.我们有今晚音乐会的票。
symphonyn.交响乐
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is famous worldwide.贝多芬第九交响曲举世闻名。
melodyn.旋律
The song has a haunting melody.这首歌有一首难忘的旋律。
rhythmn.节奏
She danced to the rhythm of the drums.她跟着鼓点跳舞。
tunen.曲调；🤖 AI：调优（fine-tune）
songn.歌曲
He sang a folk song at the gathering.他在聚会上唱了一首民歌。
singern.歌手
The singer received a standing ovation.歌手获得了起立鼓掌。
bandn.乐队
A local band played at the festival.一支本地乐队在音乐节上演出。
theatern.剧院
The theater was full on opening night.首映之夜剧院满座。
draman.戏剧
She teaches drama at the high school.她在高中教戏剧。
comedyn.喜剧
The comedy had the audience laughing.这出喜剧让观众笑个不停。
tragedyn.悲剧
The tragedy tells the story of a fallen hero.这出悲剧讲述了一个陨落英雄的故事。
actorn.演员
The actor won an award for his performance.这位演员因表演获奖。
actressn.女演员
The actress accepted the award gracefully.女演员优雅地接受了奖项。
directorn.导演
The director cut several scenes from the film.导演从电影中删减了几场戏。
performancen.表演
Her performance received high praise.她的表演获得了高度赞扬。
stagen.舞台
The actor walked off the stage after the final bow.演员在最后一次谢幕后走下舞台。
operan.歌剧
Opera singers train for years to develop their voices.歌剧歌手花数年训练嗓音。
balletn.芭蕾舞
She has studied ballet since childhood.她从小就开始学习芭蕾舞。
noveln.小说
Her latest novel is a bestseller.她最新的一部小说是畅销书。
poetn.诗人
The poet read from her new collection.诗人朗读了她的新诗集。

6️⃣ 家庭与日常生活（45）

familyn.家庭
My family gathers together every Chinese New Year.我家每年春节都会团聚。
relativen.亲戚
Most of my relatives live in my hometown.我的大多数亲戚都住在我的家乡。
relationn.亲属关系
We have good relations with our neighbors.我们和邻居关系融洽。
marriagen.婚姻
Their marriage lasted fifty years.他们的婚姻维持了五十年。
weddingn.婚礼
The wedding will be held next summer.婚礼将在明年夏天举行。
husbandn.丈夫
Her husband works in finance.她丈夫在金融行业工作。
wifen.妻子
His wife teaches English at a middle school.他妻子在一所中学教英语。
spousen.配偶
Please bring your spouse to the company dinner.请带您的配偶参加公司晚宴。
couplen.夫妇
The couple celebrated their tenth anniversary.这对夫妇庆祝了结婚十周年。
parentn.父（母）亲
Every parent wants the best for their children.每位父母都想给孩子最好的。
grandparentn.祖父母
Her grandparents live in the countryside.她的祖父母住在乡下。
grandsonn.孙子
Their grandson just started elementary school.他们的孙子刚上小学。
granddaughtern.孙女
Their granddaughter is studying abroad.他们的孙女正在国外留学。
nephewn.侄子；外甥
My nephew loves playing video games.我侄子喜欢玩电子游戏。
niecen.侄女；外甥女
Her niece just graduated from college.她的侄女刚从大学毕业。
unclen.叔叔；舅舅
My uncle took me fishing last summer.我叔叔去年夏天带我去钓鱼。
auntn.阿姨；姑妈
My aunt makes the best apple pie.我姑姑做的苹果派最好吃。
cousinn.堂表亲
I have over ten cousins on my mother's side.我母亲那边有十多个表亲。
householdn.家庭；住户
The whole household was asleep by ten.十点前全家人都睡着了。
houseworkn.家务
She divided the housework equally with her husband.她和丈夫平均分担家务。
choren.家务杂事
Doing chores helps children learn responsibility.做家务能帮孩子学会责任。
furnituren.家具
We need new furniture for the living room.我们的客厅需要新家具。
sofan.沙发
The sofa is too small for three people.这张沙发坐三个人太小了。
wardroben.衣柜
She has a large wardrobe full of clothes.她有一个装满衣服的大衣柜。
curtainn.窗帘
Please close the curtain before you sleep.睡觉前请拉上窗帘。
carpetn.地毯
The carpet in the living room is stained.客厅的地毯脏了。
cushionn.垫子
She added a colorful cushion to the chair.她在椅子上加了一个彩色靠垫。
blanketn.毯子
A warm blanket covered the sleeping child.温暖的毯子盖在熟睡的孩子身上。
pillown.枕头
She bought a new pillow for better sleep.她买了一个新枕头以改善睡眠。
sheetn.床单
Change the bed sheet once a week.床单每周换一次。
toweln.毛巾
Each guest gets a fresh towel in the bathroom.每位客人在浴室里都有一条新毛巾。
soapn.肥皂
Use soap and water to wash your hands.用肥皂和水洗手。
shampoon.洗发水
She bought a new shampoo for dry hair.她买了一瓶适合干性头发的新洗发水。
toothpasten.牙膏
Don't forget to pack your toothpaste.别忘了带牙膏。
toothbrushn.牙刷
Replace your toothbrush every three months.每三个月更换一次牙刷。
mirrorn.镜子；💻 计算机：镜像
combn.梳子
He uses a comb to style his hair.他用梳子整理头发。
broomn.扫帚
She swept the floor with a broom.她用扫帚扫地。
vacuumn.真空吸尘器
I vacuum the carpets every weekend.我每个周末用吸尘器清理地毯。
laundryn.洗衣
I do the laundry every Sunday.我每个星期天洗衣服。
ironn./v.熨斗；熨
She used the iron to press his shirt.她用熨斗熨了他的衬衫。
sewv.缝补
She learned to sew at a young age.她很小就学会了缝纫。
knitv.编织
My grandmother knits sweaters for the family.我奶奶为家人织毛衣。
groceryn.食品杂货
I need to stop by the grocery store.我得顺路去一趟杂货店。
recipen.食谱
She follows her grandmother's recipe for dumplings.她按奶奶的食谱包饺子。

7️⃣ 高频动词（45）

abandonv.放弃；抛弃
They had to abandon the plan due to heavy rain.由于大雨，他们不得不放弃这个计划。
acceleratev.加速
The new policy will accelerate economic growth.新政策将加速经济增长。
admirev.钦佩；欣赏
I admire her dedication to the project.我钦佩她对这个项目的投入。
advocatev.提倡
She advocates for stronger environmental protection.她倡导加强环境保护。
allocatev.分配
Resources should be allocated fairly.资源应公平分配。
apologizev.道歉
He apologized for his mistake.他为他的错误道歉。
approvev.批准；赞成
The committee approved the budget.委员会批准了预算。
assemblev.集合；组装
Workers assemble the cars in this factory.工人们在这家工厂组装汽车。
assignv.分配；指派
The teacher assigned homework to the students.老师给学生布置了作业。
assurev.使确信；保证
I assure you the package will arrive tomorrow.我向你保证包裹明天到达。
attainv.达到；获得
She attained her goal of running a marathon.她实现了跑马拉松的目标。
boostv.促进；提高
The new ad campaign boosted sales.新的广告活动提振了销售。
buryv.埋葬；埋藏
They buried the time capsule in the yard.他们把时间胶囊埋在了院子里。
commandv.命令；掌握
The captain commanded the ship to change course.船长命令改变航向。
compromisev./n.妥协
Both sides compromised to reach an agreement.双方妥协达成了协议。
conquerv.征服；克服
The team conquered the mountain in three days.队伍三天登上了山顶。
consultv.咨询；查阅
You should consult a doctor about the pain.你应该就这种疼痛咨询医生。
convertv.转换；转变
They converted the old building into a library.他们把旧楼改造成了图书馆。
convincev.说服；使信服
She convinced him to take the job.她说服他接受这份工作。
cooperatev.合作
The two companies cooperated on the project.两家公司在该项目上合作。
crashv./n.碰撞；坠毁；💻 计算机：（程序）崩溃
cultivatev.培养；耕作
He cultivated a love of reading in his children.他在孩子心中培养了阅读的爱好。
darev.敢；敢于
Don't dare to speak to him like that.不要敢那样跟他说话。
declarev.宣布；声明；💻 编程：声明（变量）
declinev./n.下降；拒绝
He declined the job offer politely.他礼貌地拒绝了这份工作邀请。
decoratev.装饰
They decorated the room with balloons.他们用气球装饰了房间。
defendv.保卫；辩护
The lawyer defended her client in court.律师在法庭上为她的当事人辩护。
delayv./n.推迟；延误
The flight was delayed by two hours.航班延误了两个小时。
deliverv.递送；发表
The mail is delivered every morning.邮件每天早上送达。
denyv.否认；拒绝
He denied any involvement in the crime.他否认与该犯罪有任何关联。
deservev.值得；应得
You deserve a reward for your hard work.你的努力值得一个奖励。
destroyv.破坏；毁灭
The fire destroyed the entire building.火灾摧毁了整座建筑。
devotev.致力于；奉献
She devotes her weekends to volunteering.她把周末时间都用于志愿服务。
dismissv.解雇；解散
The manager dismissed the employee.经理解雇了那位员工。
distinguishv.区分；辨别
It's hard to distinguish the twins apart.很难把这两个双胞胎区分开。
disturbv.打扰；干扰
Please don't disturb the baby.请不要打扰宝宝。
donatev.捐赠
She donated money to the local hospital.她向当地医院捐款。
earnv.挣得；赢得
He earned a promotion by working hard.他通过努力工作获得了晋升。
eliminatev.消除；淘汰
We must eliminate all errors before submission.提交前我们必须消除所有错误。
encounterv./n.遇到；遭遇
She encountered an old friend at the conference.她在会议上偶遇了一位老朋友。
endurev.忍受；持久
He endured the pain without complaining.他毫无怨言地忍受了痛苦。
enrichv.丰富；充实
Reading can enrich your mind.阅读可以丰富你的思想。
establishv.建立；确立
The company was established in 1990.这家公司成立于1990年。
estimatev./n.估计；估算
Please estimate the total cost of the project.请估算项目的总成本。
evaluatev.评价；评估
Teachers evaluate students' progress throughout the year.老师会在整个学年内评估学生的进步。

8️⃣ 高频形容词（45）

abundantadj.丰富的；充裕的
The region has abundant natural resources.该地区拥有丰富的自然资源。
aggressiveadj.侵略性的；有闯劲的
His aggressive marketing strategy paid off.他激进的营销策略取得了成效。
amateuradj./n.业余的；业余爱好者
She is an amateur photographer who takes stunning pictures.她是一名业余摄影师，却能拍出令人惊艳的照片。
bareadj.裸露的；光秃的
The tree was bare in winter.冬天树是光秃秃的。
boldadj.大胆的；勇敢的
She made a bold decision to start her own company.她做出了一个大胆的决定，自己开公司。
briefadj.简短的；短暂的
Please make your answer brief.请简短作答。
capableadj.有能力的
She is a highly capable engineer.她是一位非常能干的工程师。
casualadj.随意的；休闲的
He wore a casual shirt to the meeting.他穿了一件休闲衬衫去开会。
charmingadj.迷人的
The village is charming in autumn.这个村庄在秋天很迷人。
coarseadj.粗糙的
The cloth feels coarse.这块布料摸起来很粗糙。
collectiveadj.集体的
They made a collective decision to resign.他们集体决定辞职。
compactadj.紧凑的
The compact printer fits easily on a small home office desk.这台紧凑型打印机能轻松放在家庭办公桌上。
comparableadj.可比较的
The two cars are comparable in price.这两款车的价格相当。
competentadj.胜任的
He is a competent teacher.他是一位称职的老师。
compulsoryadj.强制的；义务的
Education is compulsory for children.对儿童而言教育是强制的。
considerableadj.相当大的
She has made considerable progress this year.她今年取得了相当大的进步。
considerateadj.体贴的
He is always considerate of others' feelings.他总是顾及他人的感受。
continuousadj.连续不断的
Continuous rain caused flooding.持续的降雨导致了洪水。
controversialadj.有争议的
The new law is highly controversial.新法律引发了极大的争议。
cooperativeadj.合作的
The students were cooperative during the lesson.学生们在课堂上很合作。
corporateadj.公司的；法人的
The company held a corporate event last week.公司上周举办了一场企业活动。
costlyadj.昂贵的
The project was more costly than expected.这个项目的花费比预期大。
countlessadj.无数的
Countless people attended the concert.无数人参加了音乐会。
crucialadj.至关重要的
Water is crucial for survival.水对生存至关重要。
crudeadj.粗糙的；天然的
The crude oil was refined at the plant.原油在工厂里被精炼。
crueladj.残忍的
It was a cruel joke.这是一个残忍的玩笑。
dampadj.潮湿的
The basement smells damp.地下室闻起来很潮湿。
decentadj.体面的；像样的
He earned a decent salary.他薪水还不错。
definiteadj.明确的
We need a definite answer by tomorrow.我们需要明天前得到明确的答复。
deliberateadj.故意的；深思熟虑的
It was a deliberate attempt to mislead us.这是一次蓄意误导我们的尝试。
delicateadj.精致的；脆弱的
The glass is very delicate.这种玻璃非常易碎。
denseadj.密集的
The forest was dense and hard to walk through.森林茂密，难以通行。
desirableadj.理想的
A quiet environment is highly desirable.安静的环境是非常理想的。
desperateadj.绝望的；极度渴望的
He was desperate to find a solution.他迫切想找到解决方案。
digestiveadj.消化的
Yogurt helps improve digestive health.酸奶有助于改善消化系统健康。
digitaladj.数字的
A digital thermometer shows the exact temperature to one decimal place.数字温度计可显示精确到小数点后一位的温度。
diligentadj.勤奋的
She is a diligent student who never misses class.她是一个勤奋的学生，从不缺课。
dimadj.昏暗的
The room was lit by a dim lamp.房间由一盏昏暗的灯照亮。
distinctadj.明显的；不同的
The two languages have distinct grammar systems.这两种语言有不同的语法体系。
diverseadj.多样的
Our team is diverse in background and expertise.我们的团队在背景和专业上都很多元化。
domesticadj.国内的；家庭的
Domestic flights are cheaper than international ones.国内航班比国际航班便宜。
dominantadj.占主导地位的
English is the dominant language in global business.英语在全球商务中是主导语言。
dynamicadj.动态的；有活力的
She has a dynamic personality.她性格充满活力。
eageradj.渴望的
The students were eager to learn.学生们渴望学习。
earnestadj.认真的；诚挚的
He made an earnest attempt to apologize.他真诚地尝试道歉。

9️⃣ 高频名词（45）

accessoryn.配件；附件
A spare charger is a useful accessory to keep in your bag.多带一个备用充电器是包里很实用的配件。
accountn.账户；描述
She opened a bank account yesterday.她昨天开了一个银行账户。
acidn.酸
Lemon juice contains citric acid.柠檬汁含有柠檬酸。
agencyn.代理；机构
The travel agency arranged our trip.旅行社安排了我们的行程。
agendan.议程
The meeting agenda was sent to all members.会议议程已发送给所有成员。
aircraftn.航空器
The aircraft landed safely.飞机安全着陆了。
alarmn.警报
The fire alarm sounded at midnight.火警在午夜响了。
alcoholn.酒精
Alcohol should be consumed in moderation.饮酒应适量。
alphabetn.字母表
The Greek alphabet has 24 letters.希腊字母表有 24 个字母。
altituden.海拔
At high altitude, breathing becomes difficult.在高海拔地区，呼吸会变得困难。
apologyn.道歉
He made a public apology for his mistake.他就自己的错误公开道歉。
appetiten.食欲；胃口
Exercise increases appetite.运动能增加食欲。
applausen.掌声
The audience gave a round of applause.观众报以一轮掌声。
appliancen.器具；电器
We bought new kitchen appliances.我们买了新的厨房电器。
appointmentn.约会；任命
I have a doctor's appointment at three.我三点有一个医生的预约。
approvaln.批准；赞成
The plan needs the manager's approval.该计划需要经理的批准。
arrown.箭；箭头
He shot an arrow at the target.他向目标射了一箭。
ashn.灰烬
Volcanic ash covered the village.火山灰覆盖了村庄。
assetn.资产
Her biggest asset is her ability to learn.她最大的优点是学习能力。
athleten.运动员
The athlete trained for six months.这位运动员训练了六个月。
atomn.原子
A water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms.一个水分子包含两个氢原子。
avenuen.大道；途径
The avenue is lined with trees.大街两旁种着树。
awardn.奖项
She won an award for best actress.她获得了最佳女演员奖。
backgroundn.背景
His academic background is in biology.他的学术背景是生物学。
bacterian.细菌
Bacteria can cause infections.细菌会引起感染。
badgen.徽章
She wore a name badge at the conference.她在会议上佩戴了名牌。
balancen.平衡；余额
Try to maintain a balance between work and life.尽量保持工作和生活的平衡。
barriern.障碍
Language can be a barrier to communication.语言可能是沟通的障碍。
batteryn.电池
I replaced the battery in my phone yesterday.我昨天才换过手机电池。
beamn.光束；横梁
A beam of light shone through the window.一束光透过窗户照进来。
beardn.胡须
He grew a beard during the trip.他在旅途中留起了胡子。
beastn.野兽
The beast in the story is a dragon.故事里的怪兽是一条龙。
belln.铃；钟
The bell rang at noon.钟在中午响了。
benchn.长凳
They sat on a bench in the park.他们坐在公园的长椅上。
beveragen.饮料
Tea is the most popular beverage in China.茶是中国最受欢迎的饮料。
bladen.刀片；刀刃
Be careful with the sharp blade.小心锋利的刀片。
blanketn.毯子
A warm blanket covered the sleeping child.温暖的毯子盖在熟睡的孩子身上。
blockn.街区；块；💻 计算机：（代码）块；屏蔽
bondn.纽带；债券
They formed a strong bond over the years.多年来他们建立了深厚的纽带。
bonusn.奖金；红利
Employees received a year-end bonus.员工们获得了年终奖。
bordern.边界
We crossed the border into Canada.我们越过边界进入加拿大。
bottlen.瓶子
Please recycle the empty bottle.请回收空瓶子。
branchn.分支；树枝
The program took a different branch in the code.程序在代码中走了不同的分支。
brandn.品牌
She only buys her favorite brand of coffee.她只买自己最喜欢品牌的咖啡。
breakdownn.故障；崩溃
The car had a breakdown on the highway.汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。

🔟 逻辑衔接与功能词（45）

above allphr.首先；尤其是
Above all, stay calm in an emergency.最重要的是，在紧急情况下要保持冷静。
according tophr.根据
According to the report, sales increased last quarter.根据报告，上季度销售额增长了。
as a resultphr.因此；结果
He missed the bus; as a result, he was late.他错过了公共汽车，结果迟到了。
as far asphr.就……而言
As far as I know, the meeting has been canceled.据我所知，会议已经取消了。
as soon asconj.一……就
The computer is as soon as the desk.电脑在桌子一……就。
as well asphr.以及；既……又
She speaks French as well as Spanish.她会说法语，也会说西班牙语。
at firstphr.起初
At first, I didn't like the new job, but now I do.起初我不喜欢这份新工作，但现在喜欢了。
at lastphr.终于
At last, the rain stopped and the sun came out.雨终于停了，太阳出来了。
at oncephr.立刻；同时
Please come here at once.请马上到这里来。
because ofphr.因为
The flight was canceled because of the storm.航班因暴风雨被取消了。
before longphr.不久以后
Before long, she mastered the new software.不久之后，她就掌握了新软件。
by accidentphr.偶然
I met my old friend by accident at the airport.我在机场意外遇到了老朋友。
by all meansphr.务必；当然
Please call me by all means if you need help.如需帮助，请一定打电话给我。
by chancephr.碰巧
We met by chance on the train.我们在火车上偶然相遇。
by contrastphr.相比之下
By contrast, the southern region is much warmer.相比之下，南方地区要温暖得多。
by farphr.……得多
This is by far the best restaurant in town.这是镇上迄今最好的餐厅。
by no meansphr.绝不
He is by no means a bad person.他绝不是坏人。
even ifconj.即使
Even if it rains, we will still go hiking.即使下雨，我们仍然会去远足。
even thoughconj.尽管
Even though he was tired, he kept working.虽然他累了，他还是继续工作。
every otherphr.每隔一个
The bus runs every other hour.公共汽车每隔一小时一班。
except forphr.除了
Everyone came except for John.除了约翰，所有人都来了。
for examplephr.例如
Many countries, for example Japan, value tradition.例如日本等许多国家都很重视传统。
for instancephr.例如
There are several options; for instance, you can take the bus.有几种选择，例如你可以坐公交。
for the sake ofphr.为了
He worked hard for the sake of his family.为了家人他努力工作。
in additionphr.另外
In addition to English, she also studies Japanese.除了英语，她也学习日语。
in advancephr.提前
Please book tickets in advance.请提前订票。
in any casephr.无论如何
In any case, you should finish the work today.无论如何，你今天必须完成工作。
in briefphr.简言之
In brief, the project was a success.简而言之，这个项目成功了。
in chargephr.负责
Who is in charge of the marketing team?谁负责市场团队？
in detailphr.详细地
Please describe the problem in detail.请详细描述这个问题。
in effectphr.实际上
The new rule is in effect from next month.新规则从下个月起生效。
in generalphr.一般来说
In general, people prefer warm weather.一般来说，人们更喜欢温暖的天气。
in honor ofphr.为纪念
The ceremony was held in honor of the heroes.典礼是为了纪念英雄们而举办的。
in other wordsphr.换句话说
In other words, we need more time.换言之，我们需要更多时间。
in particularphr.特别；尤其
I enjoyed the dessert, in particular the cake.我特别喜欢甜点，尤其是蛋糕。
in practicephr.在实践中
In practice, this method works better.实际上，这种方法效果更好。
in publicphr.公开地
He rarely speaks in public.他很少在公开场合发言。
in returnphr.作为回报
She helped me, and in return I taught her French.她帮了我，作为回报我教她法语。
in spite ofphr.尽管
In spite of the rain, we went hiking.尽管下雨，我们还是去远足了。
in the endphr.最后
In the end, they reached an agreement.最终，他们达成了协议。
in the meantimephr.与此同时
The train is delayed; in the meantime, let's have coffee.火车晚点了；在此期间，我们喝杯咖啡吧。
on condition thatconj.条件是
I will lend you the book on condition that you return it next week.我借给你这本书，条件是你下周还我。
on purposephr.故意
I think he did it on purpose.我认为他是故意的。
so farphr.到目前为止
So far, everything is going well.到目前为止，一切顺利。
sooner or laterphr.迟早
Sooner or later, you will have to face the truth.迟早你都得面对真相。

🔗 Part 2 四级高频短语（18 个）

adjust to适应
attach importance to重视
be aware of意识到
be committed to致力于
compete with与……竞争
concentrate on专注于
come to a conclusion得出结论
in contrast to与……相比
in terms of就……而言
keep a balance保持平衡
make a difference有影响；起作用
on average平均
out of date过时的
put forward提出
take into consideration考虑
under no circumstances绝不
with regard to关于
in charge of负责

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（27 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（6 题）

  1. We should attach importance to environmental protection.
  2. She is committed to improving education in rural areas.
  3. Regular exercise makes a difference to our health.
  4. Students must learn to concentrate on their studies.
  5. In terms of quality, this product is superior.
  6. We should keep a balance between work and rest.

二、汉译英（6 题）

  1. 我们应该重视英语学习。
  2. 他致力于科学研究。
  3. 运动对健康有影响。
  4. 学生们必须专注于学业。
  5. 就价格而言，这家店很实惠。
  6. 我们应该保持工作与生活的平衡。

三、选词填空（7 题）

词库：adjust · circumstance · conclusion · consistent · concentrate · conflict · access
  1. It took her a while to to the new environment.
  2. Under no should we give up our dreams.
  3. We came to the that practice is essential.
  4. Consistent effort leads to progress.
  5. It's hard to when there's noise.
  6. There's a between my schedule and yours.
  7. Students have to online resources.

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 重视 →
  2. 致力于 →
  3. 得出结论 →
  4. 就……而言 →
  5. 保持平衡 →
  6. 有影响 →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic My View on Part-time Jobs. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 近年来，移动支付在中国迅速发展。人们只需携带一部智能手机，就可以在商店、餐馆甚至街头小摊完成支付。移动支付不仅方便快捷，而且安全可靠，大大改变了人们的消费习惯。如今，无论是购物、乘车还是缴费，中国人越来越习惯于无现金交易。移动支付的普及也推动了电子商务和共享经济的发展，使中国成为全球数字支付领域的领先者。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 我们应该重视环境保护。
  2. 她致力于改善农村教育。
  3. 规律运动对健康有影响。
  4. 学生必须学会专注于学业。
  5. 就质量而言，这个产品更优。
  6. 我们应该保持工作与休息的平衡。

二、汉译英

  1. We should attach importance to English learning.
  2. He is committed to scientific research.
  3. Exercise makes a difference to health.
  4. Students must concentrate on their studies.
  5. In terms of price, this shop is very affordable.
  6. We should keep a balance between work and life.

三、选词填空

  1. adjust
  2. circumstances
  3. conclusion
  4. consistent
  5. concentrate
  6. conflict
  7. access

四、短语互译

  1. attach importance to
  2. be committed to
  3. come to a conclusion
  4. in terms of
  5. keep a balance
  6. make a difference

五、写作训练（参考范文）

My View on Part-time Jobs

Nowadays, more and more college students take part-time jobs in their spare time. People hold different views on this phenomenon. As far as I am concerned, taking a part-time job brings us more benefits than drawbacks.

To begin with, part-time jobs enable students to put what they have learned into practice and accumulate valuable work experience. Moreover, earning money through their own efforts helps students understand the value of hard work and relieves the financial burden on their families. Most importantly, part-time jobs help students develop communication skills and a sense of responsibility, which are essential for their future careers.

Of course, students should keep a balance between work and study. As long as we arrange our time properly, part-time jobs can make our college life more colorful and meaningful.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

In recent years, mobile payment has developed rapidly in China. With only a smartphone, people can complete payments in shops, restaurants and even street stalls. Mobile payment is not only convenient and fast, but also safe and reliable, which has greatly changed people's consumption habits. Nowadays, whether shopping, taking transportation or paying bills, Chinese people are increasingly accustomed to cashless transactions. The popularity of mobile payment has also promoted the development of e-commerce and the sharing economy, making China a global leader in the field of digital payment.

💪 Part 4 强化训练（13 题）新增 · 英语四级核心词汇（下）

一、英译汉（4 题）

  1. Volunteering enables students to gain valuable social experience.
  2. The survey shows that most young people prefer online learning.
  3. We must strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.
  4. Failure is not terrible; what matters is to learn from it.

二、汉译英（4 题）

  1. 随着人口老龄化，养老问题日益突出。
  2. 诚实是一个人最宝贵的品质之一。
  3. 传统文化在现代社会中仍然发挥着重要作用。
  4. 体育锻炼不仅增强体质，还能缓解压力。

三、选词填空（4 题）

词库：available · contribute · essential · responsible
  1. The library is to all students.
  2. Everyone should to protecting the environment.
  3. Sleep is for good health.
  4. Parents are for their children's safety.

四、长文翻译（1 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 志愿服务是社会文明进步的重要标志。近年来，越来越多的年轻人投身志愿活动，在社区服务、环境保护、大型赛事等领域贡献自己的力量。志愿服务不仅帮助了有需要的人，也让志愿者收获了成长与快乐。通过志愿服务，年轻人能够培养责任感、提升沟通能力，并更好地了解社会。可以说，志愿服务让社会变得更加温暖。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 志愿服务使学生能够获得宝贵的社会经验。
  2. 调查显示，大多数年轻人更喜欢在线学习。
  3. 我们必须在经济增长和环境保护之间取得平衡。
  4. 失败并不可怕，重要的是从中吸取教训。

二、汉译英

  1. With the aging of the population, the issue of elderly care is becoming increasingly prominent.
  2. Honesty is one of the most valuable qualities of a person.
  3. Traditional culture still plays an important role in modern society.
  4. Physical exercise not only strengthens the body but also relieves stress.

三、选词填空

  1. available
  2. contribute
  3. essential
  4. responsible

四、长文翻译（参考译文）

Volunteer service is an important symbol of social civilization and progress. In recent years, more and more young people have devoted themselves to volunteer activities, contributing their strength in community service, environmental protection, major events and other fields. Volunteer service not only helps those in need, but also brings growth and happiness to the volunteers themselves. Through volunteer service, young people can develop a sense of responsibility, improve their communication skills and gain a better understanding of society. It can be said that volunteer service makes society warmer.

阶段八：英语四级扩展词汇（上）500 词 · 18 短语 · 33 题

🎯 学习目标：在四级核心词汇基础上进一步扩展高频动词、形容词与副词，覆盖大纲中频词表，重点提升阅读理解与听力辨词能力。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1abolish
/əˈbɒlɪʃ/		v.废除；取消Slavery was abolished in the 19th century.奴隶制在19世纪被废除。
2abuse
/əˈbjuːz/		v./n.滥用；虐待The drug was abused by some athletes.这种药被一些运动员滥用。
3adhere
/ədˈhɪə(r)/		v.粘附；坚持The tape adhered firmly to the wall.胶带牢牢地粘在墙上。
4administer
/ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)/		v.管理；施行She administers the department efficiently.她高效地管理这个部门。
5adore
/əˈdɔː(r)/		v.热爱；崇拜She adores her grandchildren.她深爱她的孙辈。
6amend
/əˈmend/		v.修改；修正The law was amended last year.这项法律去年被修订了。
7assert
/əˈsɜːt/		v.断言；坚持She asserted her innocence.她坚称自己无罪。
8attend
/əˈtend/		v.出席；照料She attended the conference.她出席了会议。
9banish
/ˈbænɪʃ/		v.驱逐；消除The dictator was banished from the country.那个独裁者被驱逐出国。
10batter
/ˈbætə(r)/		v.猛击；连续击打Waves battered the shore.海浪拍打着海岸。
11betray
/bɪˈtreɪ/		v.背叛；泄露He betrayed his friend’s trust.他辜负了朋友的信任。
12blossom
/ˈblɒsəm/		v./n.开花；繁荣The cherry trees blossomed in spring.樱花树在春天开花。
13bypass
/ˈbaɪpɑːs/		v.绕过；回避The new road bypasses the town center.新路绕过了市中心。
14cherish
/ˈtʃerɪʃ/		v.珍惜；爱护She cherished the memory of her childhood.她珍惜童年的回忆。
15circulate
/ˈsɜːkjəleɪt/		v.循环；传播Blood circulates through the body.血液在体内循环。
16cite
/saɪt/		v.引用；传讯The lawyer cited a previous case.律师引用了一个先前的案例。
17claim
/kleɪm/		v./n.声称；索赔He claimed he was innocent.他声称自己是无辜的。
18collaborate
/kəˈlæbəreɪt/		v.合作；协作The two companies collaborated on the project.两家公司在这个项目上合作。
19commence
/kəˈmens/		v.开始；着手The ceremony commenced at noon.仪式在中午开始。
20compel
/kəmˈpel/		v.强迫；迫使The law compels drivers to wear seat belts.法律强制司机系安全带。
21compensate
/ˈkɒmpenseɪt/		v.补偿；赔偿The company compensated the victims.公司赔偿了受害者。
22comply
/kəmˈplaɪ/		v.遵守；顺从All staff must comply with the rules.所有员工都必须遵守规定。
23conceal
/kənˈsiːl/		v.隐藏；隐瞒He concealed the truth from his parents.他向父母隐瞒了真相。
24conceive
/kənˈsiːv/		v.构想；怀孕It’s hard to conceive of a better plan.很难想出更好的计划。
25conclude
/kənˈkluːd/		v.得出结论；结束The investigation concluded that he was guilty.调查得出结论他有罪。
26condemn
/kənˈdem/		v.谴责；判刑The court condemned him to prison.法庭判他入狱。
27confine
/kənˈfaɪn/		v.限制；禁闭The patient was confined to bed.病人卧床不起。
28confront
/kənˈfrʌnt/		v.面对；遭遇We must confront the challenges ahead.我们必须直面前方的挑战。
29consent
/kənˈsent/		v./n.同意；准许She consented to the proposal.她同意了这个提议。
30consolidate
/kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/		v.巩固；合并The company consolidated its position.公司巩固了自己的地位。
31contemplate
/ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/		v.沉思；考虑She contemplated her future career.她考虑自己未来的职业。
32contradict
/ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/		v.反驳；矛盾His actions contradict his words.他的言行不一致。
33cope
/kəʊp/		v.应对；处理She copes well with stress.她能很好地应对压力。
34crave
/kreɪv/		v.渴望；恳求He craved attention from his parents.他渴望得到父母的关注。
35dedicate
/ˈdedɪkeɪt/		v.奉献；致力于She dedicated her life to science.她毕生致力于科学。
36defy
/dɪˈfaɪ/		v.违抗；蔑视The protesters defied the ban.抗议者违抗了禁令。
37delegate
/ˈdelɪɡeɪt/		v./n.委派；代表The manager delegated tasks to his team.经理把任务委派给团队。
38demolish
/dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/		v.拆除；推翻The old building was demolished.旧楼被拆除了。
39denounce
/dɪˈnaʊns/		v.谴责；告发The politician denounced the policy.这位政治家谴责了这项政策。
40deprive
/dɪˈpraɪv/		v.剥夺；使丧失The war deprived children of education.战争剥夺了孩子们受教育的机会。
41derive
/dɪˈraɪv/		v.获得；起源The word derives from Latin.这个词源于拉丁语。
42descend
/dɪˈsend/		v.下降；遗传The plane descended rapidly.飞机快速下降。
43deteriorate
/dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt/		v.恶化；变坏His health deteriorated rapidly.他的健康状况迅速恶化。
44devise
/dɪˈvaɪz/		v.设计；发明They devised a new plan.他们设计了一个新计划。
45diminish
/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/		v.减少；降低His enthusiasm diminished over time.他的热情随时间减退。
46discard
/dɪsˈkɑːd/		v.丢弃；抛弃She discarded the old clothes.她丢弃了旧衣服。
47discriminate
/dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/		v.歧视；区分It’s illegal to discriminate against women.歧视女性是违法的。
48disperse
/dɪˈspɜːs/		v.分散；驱散The crowd dispersed quickly.人群很快散去。
49dispose
/dɪˈspəʊz/		v.处理；处置Dispose of waste properly.妥善处理垃圾。
50disregard
/ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːd/		v.忽视；漠视He disregarded the warning.他无视警告。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（450 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 高频动词（一）（45）

dissolvev.溶解；解散
Sugar dissolves quickly in hot water.糖在热水中迅速溶解。
distortv.扭曲；歪曲
The mirror distorts your reflection.镜子会扭曲你的倒影。
distractv.分心；转移
Loud music distracted him from his work.吵闹的音乐让他无法专心工作。
distributev.分发；分布
The charity distributes food to the poor.慈善机构向穷人分发食物。
dominatev.支配；占优势
One company dominates the smartphone market.一家公司主导着智能手机市场。
dreadv./n.恐惧；担心
She dreads the dentist appointment.她害怕去看牙医。
dwellv.居住；细想
They dwell in a quiet village.他们住在一个安静的村子里。
embarkv.上船；开始
They embarked on a journey around the world.他们开始了环球旅行。
embodyv.体现；包含
She embodies the spirit of the team.她体现了团队的精神。
embracev.拥抱；接受
She embraced her friend at the airport.她在机场拥抱了她的朋友。
empowerv.授权；赋能
Education empowers people to change their lives.教育使人们有能力改变自己的生活。
enclosev.围住；附上
Please enclose the check with the form.请将支票随表格一同附上。
encounterv./n.遭遇；遇到
She encountered an old friend at the conference.她在会议上偶遇了一位老朋友。
endeavorn./v.努力；尝试
He endeavored to finish the project on time.他努力按时完成项目。
enforcev.执行；强制
Police enforce the new traffic laws.警察执行新的交通法规。
engagev.参与；吸引
The book engaged me from the first page.这本书从第一页就吸引了我。
enrollv.注册；入学
She enrolled in a Chinese class.她报名参加了一个中文班。
entailv.需要；使必然
The job entails a lot of travel.这份工作需要经常出差。
eradicatev.根除；消灭
The goal is to eradicate poverty.目标是消除贫困。
evokev.唤起；引起
The music evoked memories of her childhood.这首音乐唤起了她童年的回忆。
exaggeratev.夸大；夸张
He tends to exaggerate his achievements.他倾向于夸大自己的成就。
exceedv.超过；超出
Sales exceeded our expectations.销售额超过了我们的预期。
exclaimv.呼喊；惊叹
"What a surprise!" she exclaimed."真是个惊喜！"她喊道。
exertv.施加；运用
He exerted all his strength to lift the box.他使出全部力气抬起箱子。
expelv.驱逐；开除
He was expelled from school for cheating.他因作弊被学校开除。
exploitv.剥削；开发
The company exploits natural resources.这家公司开采自然资源。
extractv./n.提取；摘录
The dentist extracted the tooth.牙医拔掉了那颗牙。
flourishv.繁荣；兴旺
The plants flourished in the warm weather.植物在温暖的天气中茁壮成长。
foreseev.预见；预知
She foresaw the problem before it happened.她在问题发生前就预见到了。
formulatev.制定；构想
They formulated a new plan.他们制定了新的计划。
fosterv.促进；培养
She fostered a love of reading in her children.她在孩子心中培养了阅读的爱好。
governv.统治；管理
The president governs the country.总统治理这个国家。
graspv./n.抓住；理解
He grasped the rope tightly.他紧紧抓住绳子。
hinderv.阻碍；妨碍
Bad weather hindered our progress.恶劣天气阻碍了我们的进度。
ignitev.点燃；引发
The spark ignited the dry grass.火花点燃了干草。
imposev.强加；征税
The new rule imposes strict limits.新规定施加了严格的限制。
incorporatev.包含；合并
The book incorporates recent research.这本书融入了最新的研究。
indulgev.沉溺；纵容
She indulged in a piece of chocolate cake.她放纵地吃了一块巧克力蛋糕。
inflictv.施加；使遭受
The storm inflicted serious damage.风暴造成了严重的破坏。
inhibitv.抑制；阻止
Fear can inhibit learning.恐惧会妨碍学习。
initiatev.发起；开始
The company initiated a new project.公司启动了一个新项目。
integratev.整合；融入
The system integrates data from multiple sources.该系统集成了来自多个来源的数据。
interferev.干涉；干扰
Don't interfere with other people's work.不要干涉他人的工作。
jeopardizev.危及；危害
Don't jeopardize your career over this.不要因为这件事危及你的事业。
justifyv.证明……正当
How can you justify such an expense?你如何证明这样的开支合理？

2️⃣ 高频动词（二）（45）

legislatev.立法
Congress legislates new tax laws.国会立法新的税法。
liberatev.解放；释放
The army liberated the city.军队解放了这座城市。
magnifyv.放大；夸大
The microscope magnifies the cells.显微镜放大了细胞。
manifestv./adj.显示；明显的
His anxiety manifested as a headache.他的焦虑表现为头痛。
manipulatev.操纵；操作
He manipulated the data to hide the truth.他操纵数据以掩盖真相。
mediatev.调解；斡旋
A third party mediated the dispute.第三方调解了这次争端。
mergev.合并；融合
The two companies merged last year.两家公司去年合并了。
mobilizev.动员；调动
The government mobilized the army.政府动员了军队。
necessitatev.需要；使成为必要
The situation necessitated immediate action.形势要求立刻采取行动。
negatev.否定；抵消
His failure negates all our efforts.他的失败否定了我们所有的努力。
nominatev.提名；任命
She was nominated for the award.她被提名该奖项。
notifyv.通知；报告
Please notify me of any changes.如有变化请通知我。
nurturev./n.培养；养育
Parents nurture their children's talents.父母培养孩子的才能。
obeyv.服从；遵守
Soldiers must obey orders.士兵必须服从命令。
obligev.迫使；帮忙
The law obliges employers to provide safe workplaces.法律要求雇主提供安全的工作场所。
observev.观察；遵守
Please observe the rules.请遵守规则。
obstructv.阻碍；阻塞
The fallen tree obstructed the road.倒下的树挡住了道路。
obtainv.获得；得到
You can obtain the form online.你可以在线获取这个表格。
occupyv.占据；占领
The building occupies an entire block.这座建筑占了一整个街区。
offendv.冒犯；得罪
His comments offended many people.他的评论冒犯了许多人。
omitv.省略；遗漏
Please omit your phone number from the form.请在表格中略去你的电话号码。
opposev.反对；对抗
She opposed the new policy.她反对这项新政策。
orchestratev.精心策划；编排
He orchestrated the entire event.他策划了整个活动。
overcomev.克服；战胜
She overcame many obstacles to succeed.她克服了许多障碍才取得成功。
overlookv.忽视；俯瞰
Don't overlook the small details.不要忽视小细节。
overwhelmv.压倒；使不知所措
The amount of work overwhelmed me.工作量让我不堪重负。
participatev.参加；参与
All students are encouraged to participate in class discussion.我们鼓励所有学生参与课堂讨论。
perceivev.感知；察觉
How do you perceive the situation?你怎么看这个情况？
perseverev.坚持；不屈不挠
She persevered through the tough times.她熬过了艰难的时期。
persistv.坚持；持续
If symptoms persist, see a doctor.如果症状持续，请就医。
persuadev.说服；劝说
She persuaded him to see a doctor.她说服他去看医生。
postponev.推迟；延期
The meeting was postponed to next week.会议被推迟到下周。
preachv.布道；宣扬
He preached the importance of kindness.他宣扬善良的重要性。
precedev.先于；在……之前
The introduction precedes the main text.引言在正文之前。
precludev.排除；阻止
Heavy rain precluded the picnic.大雨使野餐无法进行。
presidev.主持；主管
She presided over the meeting.她主持了会议。
prevailv.盛行；获胜
Justice will prevail in the end.正义终将获胜。
proceedv.继续；进行
Please proceed to the next step.请继续下一步。
proclaimv.宣布；声明
He proclaimed his innocence.他声明自己无罪。
procurev.获得；取得
She procured the necessary supplies.她采购了必要的物资。
prolongv.延长；拖延
The medicine will prolong his life.这种药将延长他的生命。
propelv.推进；推动
Rockets are propelled by fuel.火箭靠燃料推进。
prosecutev.起诉；检举
The state will prosecute the suspect.州政府将起诉嫌疑人。
prosperv.繁荣；兴旺
The business prospered under new management.在新管理下业务蒸蒸日上。
provokev.激怒；引发
His comments provoked an angry response.他的评论激起了愤怒的反应。

3️⃣ 高频动词（三）（45）

pursuev.追求；从事
She decided to pursue a career in medicine.她决定从事医学职业。
quenchv.解渴；熄灭
Water quenched his thirst.水解了他的渴。
ratifyv.批准；认可
The Senate ratified the treaty.参议院批准了该条约。
reapv.收获；获得
They reaped a good harvest this year.他们今年获得了好收成。
reassurev.使安心；再保证
She reassured the worried parents.她让焦虑的父母安心。
reconcilev.和解；调和
They reconciled after their argument.他们争吵后和好了。
recruitv./n.招募；新员工
The company is recruiting new staff.公司正在招聘新员工。
refinev.精炼；改进
The recipe was refined over many years.这个食谱经过多年的改进。
refrainv.克制；避免
Please refrain from smoking here.请不要在此吸烟。
refutev.反驳；驳斥
She refuted his argument.她反驳了他的论点。
reinforcev.加强；加固
The pillars reinforce the structure.这些柱子加固了结构。
rejoicev.高兴；庆祝
We rejoiced at the good news.我们为这个好消息感到欣喜。
relinquishv.放弃；让出
He relinquished control of the company.他放弃了对公司的控制权。
renderv.给予；使变得；💻 计算机：渲染
renouncev.放弃；宣布放弃
He renounced his claim to the throne.他放弃了对王位的要求。
repelv.击退；排斥
The spray repels insects.这种喷雾能驱赶昆虫。
repressv.压抑；镇压
She repressed her anger.她压抑了自己的愤怒。
reproachv./n.责备；指责
He reproached her for being late.他责备她迟到。
rescindv.废除；取消
The contract was rescinded.合同被撤销了。
resentv.怨恨；愤恨
She resented his criticism.她对他的批评感到愤恨。
residev.居住；定居
They reside in Paris.他们居住在巴黎。
resignv.辞职；放弃
He resigned from the company last week.他上周从公司辞职了。
resistv.抵抗；抵制
She could not resist the chocolate cake.她无法抵挡那块巧克力蛋糕的诱惑。
resolvev.解决；决心
They resolved their differences.他们解决了分歧。
restrainv.抑制；约束
She could barely restrain her tears.她几乎忍不住眼泪。
revitalizev.振兴；复兴
The new CEO revitalized the company.新任 CEO 让公司焕发了活力。
revokev.撤销；吊销
His license was revoked.他的执照被吊销了。
ridiculev./n.嘲笑；嘲弄
They ridiculed his idea.他们嘲笑他的想法。
sacrificev./n.牺牲；献祭
Parents often sacrifice for their children.父母常常为孩子做出牺牲。
scrutinizev.仔细检查；审查
The auditor scrutinized the financial records.审计员仔细检查了财务记录。
secludev.隔离；隐居
He secluded himself in the mountains.他在山中隐居。
seizev.抓住；夺取
The army seized control of the city.军队夺取了城市的控制权。
severv.切断；断绝
The company severed ties with the partner.公司与合作伙伴断绝了关系。
shunv.回避；避开
He shuns publicity.他避免引起公众关注。
simulatev.模拟；假装
The software simulates real-world conditions.该软件模拟真实世界条件。
smotherv.窒息；抑制
He smothered the flames with a blanket.他用毯子闷灭了火焰。
soothev.安慰；抚慰
The music soothed the baby.音乐让宝宝安静了下来。
specifyv.指定；详细说明
Please specify your requirements.请明确说明你的要求。
stimulatev.刺激；激励
Coffee stimulates the nervous system.咖啡刺激神经系统。
strivev.努力；奋斗
She strives for excellence.她努力做到最好。
subduev.征服；制服
The police subdued the suspect.警察制服了嫌疑人。
submitv.提交；服从
Please submit your application by Friday.请在周五前提交申请。
subsidev.平息；减退
The storm subsided after an hour.暴风雨一小时后平息了。
substantiatev.证实；证明
He substantiated his claim with evidence.他用证据证实了他的说法。
succumbv.屈服；死于
He succumbed to the disease.他因这种疾病去世了。

4️⃣ 高频动词（四）（45）

sufficev.足够；满足需要
One example will suffice.一个例子就够了。
suppressv.镇压；抑制
The government suppressed the rebellion.政府镇压了叛乱。
surpassv.超越；胜过
Her score surpassed his.她的分数超过了他的。
surrenderv./n.投降；放弃
They refused to surrender.他们拒绝投降。
suspendv.暂停；悬挂
The game was suspended due to rain.比赛因雨被暂停。
sustainv.维持；支撑
He sustained a serious injury.他受了重伤。
tacklev.处理；擒抱
We need to tackle this problem.我们需要处理这个问题。
tamperv.篡改；干涉
Don't tamper with the evidence.不要篡改证据。
teemv.充满；大量存在
The river teems with fish.这条河里鱼很多。
testifyv.作证；证明
She testified in court.她在法庭上作证。
thrivev.繁荣；茁壮成长
The plant thrives in warm climates.这种植物在温暖的气候中生长茂盛。
toleratev.容忍；忍受
I cannot tolerate loud noise.我无法忍受噪音。
transcendv.超越；胜过
Her music transcends cultural boundaries.她的音乐超越了文化的界限。
traversev.横穿；穿越
They traversed the desert in three days.他们三天穿越了沙漠。
treasurev./n.珍惜；宝藏
She treasures the old photo.她珍惜这张老照片。
triggerv./n.触发；扳机
A button click triggers the event handler.点击按钮会触发事件处理器。
triumphv./n.胜利；成功
Good will triumph over evil.善良终将战胜邪恶。
undergov.经历；遭受
She underwent surgery last month.她上个月做了手术。
underminev.破坏；削弱
His behavior undermines our trust.他的行为破坏了我们的信任。
undertakev.承担；从事
She undertook a new project.她承担了一个新项目。
unifyv.统一；联合
The leader unified the country.领袖统一了全国。
unveilv.揭幕；公布
The company unveiled its new product.公司发布了新产品。
upholdv.支持；维护
The judge upheld the ruling.法官维持了原判。
utterv./adj.说出；完全的
She didn't utter a word.她一个字都没说。
vanquishv.征服；战胜
The hero vanquished the enemy.英雄打败了敌人。
venturev./n.冒险；企业
He ventured into the dark cave.他冒险进入了黑暗的洞穴。
violatev.违反；侵犯
He violated the law.他违反了法律。
vowv./n.发誓；誓言
She vowed to return.她发誓要回来。
waivev.放弃；免除
He waived his right to a lawyer.他放弃了请律师的权利。
warrantv./n.保证；授权
The evidence warrants further investigation.该证据需要进一步调查。
withstandv.承受；抵抗
The wall can withstand high winds.这堵墙能抵御强风。
wrestv.夺取；费力取得
She wrested control from him.她从他手中夺取了控制权。
analyzev.分析
Scientists analyze the data carefully.科学家仔细分析数据。
appreciatev.欣赏；感激
I appreciate your help.我感谢你的帮助。
comprehendv.理解；领会
I cannot comprehend his reasoning.我无法理解他的推理。
deducev.推断；演绎
From the evidence, we can deduce his motive.从证据中我们可以推断出他的动机。
deemv.认为；视为
She deemed the book worth reading.她认为这本书值得一读。
discernv.辨别；看出
It is hard to discern the truth.很难辨明真相。
envisionv.想象；展望
I envision a better future.我憧憬更美好的未来。
fathomv.理解；测量深度
I cannot fathom why he did that.我无法理解他为什么那样做。
hypothesizev.假设；推测
Scientists hypothesized about the origin.科学家对起源提出了假设。
inferv.推断；推论
What can you infer from the data?你能从数据中推断出什么？
intuitv.凭直觉知道
She intuited that something was wrong.她直觉感到有什么不对劲。
meditatev.冥想；沉思
He meditates every morning.他每天早上冥想。
memorizev.记忆；背诵
She memorized the poem.她背下了那首诗。

5️⃣ 高频形容词（一）（45）

musev.沉思；冥想
She mused about the meaning of life.她沉思人生的意义。
ponderv.深思；考虑
He pondered the question carefully.他仔细思考了这个问题。
postulatev.假定；假设
The theory postulates a new particle.该理论假设了一种新粒子。
presumev.假定；推测
I presume you are right.我猜你是对的。
reasonv./n.推理；原因
She reasoned with the children.她跟孩子们讲道理。
reckonv.认为；估计
They reckon the cost at one thousand dollars.他们估计费用为一千美元。
recollectv.回忆；记起
Do you recollect her name?你记得她的名字吗？
speculatev.推测；投机
Experts speculated about the cause.专家们推测了原因。
surmisev.推测；猜测
I surmise that he is lying.我猜他在撒谎。
visualizev.想象；可视化
Try to visualize the finished product.试着想象成品的样子。
affectionateadj.充满深情的
He is an affectionate father.他是一位慈爱的父亲。
agitatedadj.焦虑的；激动的
She became agitated by the news.她因为这个消息而变得焦躁。
alienatedadj.疏远的；被孤立的
He felt alienated from his classmates.他感到与同学疏远了。
amiableadj.和蔼可亲的
She has an amiable personality.她个性友善。
apatheticadj.冷漠的；无动于衷的
He is apathetic about politics.他对政治漠不关心。
apprehensiveadj.忧虑的；担心的
She felt apprehensive about the exam.她对考试感到忧虑。
ardentadj.热情的；热烈的
He is an ardent supporter of the team.他是这支球队的热情支持者。
benevolentadj.仁慈的；慈善的
She is a benevolent leader.她是一位仁慈的领导者。
bewilderedadj.困惑的；迷惑的
He looked bewildered by the question.他被这个问题弄糊涂了。
blissfuladj.幸福的；极乐的
They had a blissful marriage.他们的婚姻幸福美满。
callousadj.冷酷无情的
His callous remarks hurt her feelings.他冷漠的话语伤害了她的感情。
cheerfuladj.快乐的；愉快的
She has a cheerful disposition.她性格开朗。
compassionateadj.有同情心的
He is a compassionate doctor.他是一位有同情心的医生。
complacentadj.自满的；得意的
Don't become complacent about safety.不要对安全掉以轻心。
conscientiousadj.尽责的；认真的
She is a conscientious worker.她是个尽职的员工。
contemptuousadj.轻蔑的；鄙视的
He gave a contemptuous glance.他投以轻蔑的一瞥。
contentedadj.满足的；满意的
She felt contented with her life.她对自己的生活感到满足。
cynicaladj.愤世嫉俗的
He has a cynical view of politics.他对政治持怀疑态度。
dejectedadj.沮丧的；气馁的
She looked dejected after losing.她输了之后显得沮丧。
delightedadj.高兴的；欣喜的
He was delighted with the gift.他对礼物非常满意。
despairingadj.绝望的
She gave a despairing sigh.她绝望地叹了口气。
devotedadj.忠诚的；挚爱的
He is a devoted husband.他是一位忠诚的丈夫。
dismayedadj.惊愕的；沮丧的
We were dismayed by the news.我们对这条消息感到沮丧。
ecstaticadj.狂喜的；欣喜若狂的
She was ecstatic about the promotion.她为升职欣喜若狂。
elatedadj.兴高采烈的
He felt elated after the victory.胜利之后他感到兴高采烈。
empatheticadj.有同理心的
She is an empathetic listener.她是个有同理心的倾听者。
enviousadj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
He felt envious of his friend's success.他羡慕朋友的成功。
exasperatedadj.恼怒的；恼火的
She was exasperated by his behavior.她被他的行为激怒了。
ferventadj.热情的；炽热的
He is a fervent believer in justice.他是正义的狂热信徒。
forlornadj.凄凉的；孤独的
She looked forlorn and lonely.她看起来又孤独又凄凉。
furiousadj.狂怒的；暴怒的
He was furious when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时大发雷霆。
grievedadj.悲痛的；伤心的
She was deeply grieved by his death.她对他的去世深感悲痛。
hesitantadj.犹豫的；迟疑的
He was hesitant to speak up.他犹豫是否要发言。
hystericaladj.歇斯底里的
The audience went hysterical with laughter.观众笑得歇斯底里。
impassionedadj.充满激情的
She gave an impassioned speech.她做了一场充满激情的演讲。

6️⃣ 高频形容词（二）（45）

indignantadj.愤慨的；义愤的
She was indignant at the unfair treatment.她对不公正的待遇感到愤慨。
jubilantadj.欢欣鼓舞的
The team was jubilant after winning the championship.球队在赢得冠军后欢呼雀跃。
melancholyadj./n.忧郁的；忧郁
The music had a melancholy tone.这首音乐有一种忧郁的调子。
miserableadj.痛苦的；悲惨的
She felt miserable after the breakup.分手后她感到痛苦。
nostalgicadj.怀旧的；思乡的
The old photo made me feel nostalgic.这张老照片让我感到怀旧。
ambiguousadj.模糊的；歧义的
His answer was deliberately ambiguous.他的回答故意含糊其辞。
arbitraryadj.任意的；武断的
The decision seemed arbitrary.这个决定看起来是武断的。
authenticadj.真实的；正宗的
This is an authentic Italian restaurant.这是一家正宗的意大利餐厅。
coherentadj.连贯的；一致的
She gave a coherent argument.她给出了条理清晰的论点。
conspicuousadj.显眼的；明显的
His absence was conspicuous.他的缺席很明显。
contingentadj.依情况而定的
The plan is contingent on the weather.这个计划取决于天气。
credibleadj.可信的；可靠的
He gave a credible explanation.他给出了可信的解释。
deficientadj.不足的；缺乏的
The diet is deficient in vitamins.这种饮食缺乏维生素。
discreteadj.离散的；不连续的
These are discrete categories.这些是独立的类别。
dubiousadj.可疑的；不确定的
She has a dubious reputation.她的名声令人怀疑。
eccentricadj.古怪的；反常的
He has an eccentric personality.他个性古怪。
eloquentadj.雄辩的；有口才的
She made an eloquent speech.她做了一场雄辩的演讲。
eminentadj.杰出的；显赫的
He is an eminent scientist.他是一位杰出的科学家。
empiricaladj.经验的；实证的
The theory is based on empirical evidence.该理论基于经验证据。
exquisiteadj.精美的；精致的
The cake was exquisite.蛋糕精美绝伦。
feasibleadj.可行的；可能的
The plan is feasible.这个计划是可行的。
formidableadj.强大的；可怕的
She is a formidable opponent.她是一个难对付的对手。
futileadj.徒劳的；无效的
Their attempts were futile.他们的尝试是徒劳的。
homogeneousadj.同质的；同类的
The population is homogeneous.人口构成相对单一。
imminentadj.即将发生的
The storm is imminent.暴风雨即将来临。
inadequateadj.不充分的；不足的
The supplies are inadequate.物资供应不足。
inevitableadj.不可避免的
Change is inevitable.变化是不可避免的。
ingeniousadj.巧妙的；有独创性的
What an ingenious idea!多么巧妙的 idea！
intangibleadj.无形的；触摸不到的
Happiness is intangible.幸福是无形的。
intricateadj.复杂的；错综的
The carving is intricate.这件雕刻很精细。
legitimateadj.合法的；正当的
He has a legitimate claim.他有合法的诉求。
lucrativeadj.有利可图的
She has a lucrative job.她有一份赚钱的工作。
meticulousadj.一丝不苟的
He is meticulous in his work.他工作一丝不苟。
notoriousadj.臭名昭著的
He is notorious for his laziness.他以懒惰闻名。
paramountadj.至高无上的
Safety is of paramount importance.安全至关重要。
peculiaradj.奇特的；特有的
The food has a peculiar taste.这食物有种奇怪的味道。
perpetualadj.永久的；持续的
She lives in perpetual fear.她生活在永恒的恐惧中。
pertinentadj.相关的；中肯的
His comments were pertinent to the discussion.他的评论与讨论相关。
plausibleadj.似乎合理的
Her explanation sounds plausible.她的解释听起来合理。
precariousadj.不稳定的；危险的
The ladder was in a precarious position.梯子处于危险的位置。
predominantadj.占主导地位的
English is the predominant language.英语是主导语言。
profoundadj.深刻的；深远的
Her words had a profound effect on me.她的话对我产生了深刻的影响。
afterwardsadv.之后；后来
We had lunch and afterwards went shopping.我们吃完午饭后去购物了。
beforehandadv.事先；预先
Please inform me beforehand.请提前通知我。
concurrentlyadv.同时地
The two events occurred concurrently.这两个事件同时发生。

7️⃣ 高频副词（45）

consecutivelyadv.连续地
She won the match three times consecutively.她连续三次赢得比赛。
continuallyadv.不断地；频繁地
He continually interrupts me.他不停地打断我。
dailyadj./adv.每日的；每天
She exercises daily.她每天锻炼。
forthcomingadj.即将到来的
More details will be forthcoming.更多细节将很快公布。
henceforthadv.从此以后
Henceforth, smoking is prohibited here.从今以后，这里禁止吸烟。
hithertoadv.迄今为止
The hitherto unknown species was discovered.这种迄今未知的物种被发现了。
indefinitelyadv.无限期地
The meeting was postponed indefinitely.会议被无限期推迟。
initiallyadv.最初；开始
Initially, I disagreed, but now I agree.起初我不同意，但现在同意了。
instantaneouslyadv.瞬间地
The reaction occurred instantaneously.反应瞬间发生。
intermittentlyadv.间歇地
The rain fell intermittently throughout the day.雨整天断断续续地下着。
invariablyadv.始终不变地
He is invariably late.他总是迟到。
latelyadv.最近；近来
I haven't seen her lately.我最近没见过她。
momentarilyadv.暂时地；片刻
I will be back momentarily.我马上就回来。
periodicallyadv.定期地；周期地
The machine must be checked periodically.机器必须定期检查。
previouslyadv.以前；先前
Previously, he worked at a bank.他以前在银行工作。
promptlyadv.迅速地；及时地
Please respond promptly.请尽快回复。
readilyadv.乐意地；容易地
She readily agreed to help.她欣然同意帮忙。
shortlyadv.不久；很快
He will arrive shortly.他很快就到。
simultaneouslyadv.同时地
Both events happened simultaneously.两件事同时发生。
sporadicallyadv.零星地；偶尔
She visits sporadically.她偶尔来访。
subsequentlyadv.随后；后来
Subsequently, he moved to New York.后来，他搬到了纽约。
successivelyadv.连续地；相继
He won three successively harder competitions.他连续赢得三场难度递增的比赛。
suddenlyadv.突然地
Suddenly, the lights went out.突然，灯灭了。
temporarilyadv.暂时地；临时
The store is temporarily closed.商店暂时关闭。
thereafteradv.此后；之后
Thereafter, he stopped smoking.此后，他戒烟了。
timelyadj./adv.及时的；适时地
The timely intervention saved him.及时的干预救了他。
ultimatelyadv.最终；归根结底
Ultimately, she decided to quit.最终，她决定辞职。
urgentlyadv.紧急地；迫切地
He urgently needs a doctor.他急需医生。
abundancen.丰富；充裕
There is an abundance of food.食物非常丰富。
adequatelyadv.足够地；适当地
The room is adequately heated.房间供暖充足。
ampleadj.充足的；丰富的
There is ample evidence.有充分的证据。
appreciablyadv.可观地；明显地
The temperature has dropped appreciably.气温明显下降了。
approximatelyadv.大约；近似
It costs approximately fifty dollars.它大约花费 50 美元。
barelyadv.几乎不；勉强
She barely escaped the fire.她险些从火中逃生。
considerablyadv.相当地；可观地
His work has considerably improved.他的工作有了相当大的改善。
decidedlyadv.明显地；果断地
She was decidedly unhappy with the result.她对结果明显不满意。
enormousadj.巨大的；庞大的
An enormous whale appeared.一条巨大的鲸鱼出现了。
entirelyadv.完全地；全部地
I entirely agree with you.我完全同意你的看法。
exceedinglyadv.极其；非常
She is exceedingly talented.她才华横溢。
exclusivelyadv.专门地；排他地
This product is sold exclusively online.该产品只在网络销售。
extensivelyadv.广泛地；大量地
The building was extensively renovated.这座建筑被大规模翻修。
genuinelyadv.真正地；真诚地
He was genuinely surprised.他真的吃了一惊。
greatlyadv.大大地；非常
We greatly appreciate your help.我们非常感谢你的帮助。
immenselyadv.极大地；无限地
She enjoyed the trip immensely.她非常享受这次旅行。
inadequatelyadv.不足地；不够地
The room was inadequately heated.房间供暖不足。

8️⃣ 高频动词（五）（45）

infinitelyadv.无限地；无穷地
She is infinitely patient.她耐心无穷。
insufficientadj.不足的；不够的
We have insufficient evidence.我们证据不足。
largelyadv.主要地；大部分
The project was largely successful.这个项目大体上是成功的。
marginallyadv.轻微地；少量地
The change is marginally noticeable.变化微乎其微。
measurablyadv.可测量地；显著地
His performance has measurably improved.他的表现有了可衡量的改善。
moderatelyadv.适度地；中等地
The test was moderately difficult.测试难度适中。
negligibleadj.可忽略的；微不足道的
The damage was negligible.损坏微乎其微。
noticeablyadv.明显地；显著地
She has noticeably improved.她明显有了进步。
numerousadj.众多的；许多的
Numerous people attended the meeting.许多人参加了会议。
overwhelminglyadv.压倒性地
She won the election overwhelmingly.她以压倒性优势赢得选举。
partiallyadv.部分地；不完全地
The work is partially complete.工作部分完成。
practicallyadv.实际上；几乎
The store is practically empty.商店几乎空无一人。
predominantlyadv.主要地；占主导地位地
The area is predominantly agricultural.该地区以农业为主。
profuselyadv.大量地；丰富地
She apologized profusely.她连连道歉。
prolificadj.多产的；丰富的
He is a prolific writer.他是一位多产的作家。
proportionatelyadv.成比例地
Pay is proportionately higher in big cities.大城市的工资相应更高。
quantifiableadj.可量化的
The results are quantifiable.结果是可量化的。
relativelyadv.相对地；比较地
The test was relatively easy.这次测试相对简单。
remarkablyadv.显著地；非凡地
She is remarkably talented.她才华出众。
substantiallyadv.实质上；大量地
Prices have substantially increased.物价大幅上涨。
sufficientlyadv.足够地；充分地
The food is sufficiently cooked.食物煮得够熟了。
acquaintancen.熟人；相识
She is an old acquaintance.她是一位老熟人。
admonishv.告诫；警告
The teacher admonished the students for being late.老师责备了迟到的学生。
applaudv.鼓掌；称赞
The audience applauded loudly.观众热烈鼓掌。
articulatev./adj.清晰表达；善于表达的
She articulated her ideas clearly.她清晰地表达了自己的想法。
befriendv.与……交朋友
He quickly befriended his new classmates.他很快就和新同学们成了朋友。
broachv.提出；开始谈论
She broached the topic carefully.她小心地提出了这个话题。
coaxv.哄劝；诱劝
She coaxed the child to eat.她哄着孩子吃东西。
commendv.赞扬；推荐
The mayor commended the firefighters for their bravery.市长表扬了消防员的勇敢。
communicatev.交流；沟通
We communicate by email.我们通过电子邮件沟通。
confidev.吐露；信赖
She confided her secret to her sister.她向姐姐吐露了秘密。
congratulatev.祝贺；道贺
I congratulated her on her promotion.我祝贺她升职。
conversev.交谈；谈话
They conversed in French.他们用法语交谈。
criticizev.批评；评论
Don't criticize others harshly.不要严厉地批评别人。
debatev./n.辩论；讨论
They debated the issue for hours.他们就这个问题辩论了几个小时。
disputev./n.争论；争端
They disputed the bill.他们对账单有争议。
eloquencen.雄辩；口才
Her eloquence impressed everyone.她的口才给大家留下了深刻印象。
empathizev.产生共鸣；同情
It's important to empathize with others.对他人产生共鸣很重要。
endorsev.支持；背书
She endorsed the candidate.她支持这位候选人。
flatterv.奉承；恭维
He was flattered by her compliment.她的赞美让他受宠若惊。
greetv.问候；迎接
She greeted me with a smile.她微笑着和我打招呼。
interactv.互动；交流
Children learn by interacting with others.孩子们通过与他人互动来学习。
interruptv.打断；中断
Please don't interrupt me.请不要打断我。
intimateadj./v.亲密的；暗示
He intimated that he would resign.他暗示要辞职。
minglev.混合；交往
Guests mingled at the party.客人们在聚会上彼此交谈。

9️⃣ 高频名词（一）（45）

rebukev.斥责；指责
He received a stern rebuke from his boss.他受到老板严厉的斥责。
remarkv./n.评论；话语
She made a witty remark.她说了一句机智的话。
retortv./n.反驳；回嘴
Her retort silenced him.她的反驳让他哑口无言。
sympathizev.同情；共鸣
I sympathize with your situation.我同情你的处境。
urgev./n.敦促；冲动
She urged him to apologize.她催促他道歉。
vouchv.担保；证明
I can vouch for his honesty.我可以为他的诚实担保。
whisperv./n.低语；耳语
She whispered a secret to me.她悄悄告诉了我一个秘密。
apprenticen.学徒；实习生
He worked as an apprentice to a master craftsman.他给一位大师傅当学徒。
colleaguen.同事；同僚
She has lunch with her colleagues every day.她每天和同事一起吃午饭。
commissionn./v.委员会；委托
She received a commission to paint a portrait.她受托画一幅肖像画。
coordinatev.协调；配合
Please coordinate the team members.请协调团队成员。
credentialn.证书；资历
Please show your credentials.请出示你的证件。
demotev.降职；降级
He was demoted to a lower position.他被降职了。
designatev.指定；任命
She was designated as team leader.她被指定为队长。
employv.雇用；使用
The company employs over a thousand people.这家公司雇佣了一千多人。
entrepreneurn.企业家；创业者
She is a successful entrepreneur.她是一位成功的企业家。
expertisen.专长；专业知识
He has expertise in finance.他精通金融。
hierarchyn.层级；等级制度
The company has a strict hierarchy.公司有严格的层级制度。
incentiven.激励；诱因
The company offers incentives for hard work.公司为努力工作提供奖励。
initiativen.主动性；倡议
She took the initiative to organize the event.她主动组织了这次活动。
internshipn.实习；实习期
He did an internship at a tech company.他在一家科技公司实习过。
layoffn.裁员；解雇
The company announced major layoffs.公司宣布大规模裁员。
mentorn./v.导师；指导
My mentor helped me through my first year of research.我的导师帮我度过了科研第一年。
occupationn.职业；占领
Please state your occupation.请说明你的职业。
orientationn.入职培训；方向
New employees attend an orientation session.新员工参加入职培训。
outsourcev.外包
The company outsources its IT services.公司将其 IT 服务外包。
overseev.监督；监管
She oversees the marketing department.她负责监管市场部。
personneln.人员；人事部门
The company has experienced personnel.公司有经验丰富的员工。
professionn.职业；专业
Teaching is a noble profession.教书是崇高的职业。
proficiencyn.熟练；精通
She has proficiency in three languages.她精通三种语言。
promotionn.晋升；促销
She got a promotion last month.她上个月升职了。
redundantadj.多余的；被裁员的
He was made redundant.他被裁掉了。
supervisev.监督；管理
He supervises a team of ten.他管理一个十人团队。
alienationn.疏离；异化
He felt a sense of alienation.他感到疏离。
bureaucracyn.官僚主义；官僚机构
Bureaucracy often slows down decisions.官僚作风常常使决策变慢。
capitalismn.资本主义
Capitalism has both supporters and critics.资本主义既有支持者也有批评者。
censorshipn.审查制度
Censorship is a controversial issue.审查制度是一个有争议的话题。
coalitionn.联盟；联合
A coalition of parties formed the government.几个政党联合组成了政府。
consensusn.共识；一致意见
They reached a consensus after long discussion.经过长时间讨论，他们达成了共识。
corruptionn.腐败；贪污
Corruption is a serious problem.腐败是一个严重的问题。
demographicadj./n.人口统计的；人口数据
The demographic trend shows an aging population.人口趋势显示人口正在老龄化。
disparityn.差异；不平等
There is a wide disparity in income.收入差距很大。
diversifyv.使多样化
Companies seek to diversify their investments.公司寻求使投资多样化。
egalitarianadj.平等主义的
An egalitarian society treats everyone equally.平等主义社会平等对待每个人。
emancipatev.解放；释放
The slaves were finally emancipated.奴隶们最终获得了解放。

🔟 高频名词（二）（45）

entitlementn.权利；应得权益
He has a sense of entitlement.他有一种理所当然的心态。
exploitationn.剥削；开发
The exploitation of workers is unacceptable.剥削工人是不可接受的。
globalizationn.全球化
Globalization has changed the world.全球化改变了世界。
grassrootsn./adj.基层；基层的
The movement started at the grassroots level.这场运动从基层开始。
homogenizev.使同质化
Globalization tends to homogenize cultures.全球化倾向于使文化同质化。
humanitarianadj./n.人道主义的；人道主义者
They provided humanitarian aid.他们提供了人道主义援助。
ideologyn.意识形态；思想体系
The party has a strong ideology.这个政党有强烈的意识形态。
institutionalizev.制度化；使成惯例
They institutionalized the new policy.他们将新政策制度化。
marginalizev.边缘化；排斥
Society should not marginalize minorities.社会不应使少数群体边缘化。
modernizationn.现代化
Modernization has improved living standards.现代化改善了生活水平。
monopolyn.垄断；专卖
The company has a monopoly on the market.这家公司垄断了市场。
nationalismn.民族主义；国家主义
Nationalism can unite or divide a country.民族主义既可以团结也可以分裂一个国家。
privatizationn.私有化
Privatization of state companies is controversial.国有企业私有化是有争议的。
propagandan.宣传；鼓吹
The government used propaganda to spread its message.政府利用宣传传播其信息。
reformv./n.改革；改良
The new president pushed for political reform.新总统推动政治改革。
segregationn.隔离；种族隔离
Segregation was a dark chapter in history.种族隔离是历史上的黑暗篇章。
socialismn.社会主义
Socialism advocates for equality.社会主义倡导平等。
standardizev.标准化；使统一
We need to standardize the process.我们需要使流程标准化。
stereotypen./v.刻板印象；对……有刻板印象
Don't judge people by stereotypes.不要按刻板印象来判断人。
subsidyn.补贴；津贴
The government provides subsidies to farmers.政府向农民提供补贴。
sustainabilityn.可持续性
Sustainability is key to future development.可持续性是未来发展的关键。
urbanizationn.城市化
Urbanization continues to accelerate.城市化继续加速。
welfaren.福利；幸福
The government provides welfare to the poor.政府向穷人提供福利。
academian.学术界
She decided to pursue a career in academia.她决定从事学术工作。
academicallyadv.学术上
He performed well academically.他学业表现良好。
analyticaladj.分析的；善于分析的
She has strong analytical skills.她有很强的分析能力。
anthropologyn.人类学
He is studying cultural anthropology.他在学习文化人类学。
archaeologyn.考古学
She majored in archaeology.她主修考古学。
astronomyn.天文学
He is an amateur astronomy enthusiast.他是一位业余天文学爱好者。
bibliographyn.参考书目
The bibliography lists all the references.参考书目列出了所有参考文献。
citationn.引用；引文
Please provide a citation for that claim.请为该说法提供引文。
cognitiveadj.认知的；认识的
Cognitive abilities decline with age.认知能力随年龄下降。
epistemologyn.认识论
Epistemology studies the nature of knowledge.认识论研究知识的本质。
ethnographyn.民族志；人种学
Her ethnography examines rural communities.她的人类学研究考察了乡村社区。
hypothesisn.假设；假说
The hypothesis was proven wrong.假设被证明是错误的。
interdisciplinaryadj.跨学科的
It's an interdisciplinary research project.这是一个跨学科研究项目。
linguisticsn.语言学
He has a degree in linguistics.他拥有语言学学位。
methodologyn.方法论；方法
The research methodology is described in detail.研究方法在文中得到了详细描述。
ontologyn.本体论；存在论
Ontology studies the nature of being.本体论研究存在的本质。
pedagogyn.教育学；教学法
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.现代教学法以学生为中心。
paradigmn.范式；典范
This is a new paradigm in science.这是科学的新范式。
philosophicaladj.哲学的；达观的
They had a philosophical discussion.他们进行了一场哲学讨论。
quantitativeadj.定量的
Quantitative analysis is essential.定量分析至关重要。
qualitativeadj.定性的
The research is mostly qualitative.这项研究主要是定性研究。
rhetoricn.修辞学；雄辩
His speech was full of rhetoric but lacked substance.他的演讲充满修辞，但缺乏实质内容。

🔗 Part 2 四级高频短语（18 个）

adhere to坚持；遵守
assert oneself坚持己见；表现自己
attend to专心于；照料
banish...from...把……驱逐出
blossom into发展为；成长为
collaborate with与……合作
compensate for补偿；弥补
comply with遵守；依从
conceive of设想；想象
confine...to...把……局限于
consent to同意；赞成
crave for渴望；渴求
dedicate oneself to致力于；献身于
deprive...of...剥夺；使丧失
derive from起源于；来自
deteriorate into恶化成
discriminate against歧视
dispose of处理；除掉

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（33 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（8 题）

  1. The government decided to abolish the outdated law.
  2. We must adhere to the principles of honesty.
  3. The two universities collaborate on AI research.
  4. The company compensated the workers for their extra hours.
  5. All employees must comply with the safety regulations.
  6. He was deprived of his right to vote.
  7. Her health deteriorated after the long illness.
  8. The teacher distributed the papers to the students.

二、汉译英（8 题）

  1. 他声称自己是无辜的。
  2. 我们应该珍惜现在拥有的一切。
  3. 这个新理论源自一项长期研究。
  4. 她毕生致力于教育事业。
  5. 请不要隐瞒真相。
  6. 我们必须直面挑战。
  7. 他无视所有的警告。
  8. 噪音分散了我的注意力。

三、选词填空（8 题）

词库：abolish · betray · cherish · compel · condemn · devise · diminish · distort
  1. They decided to the old rules and make new ones.
  2. A true friend will never you.
  3. We should every moment we spend with our family.
  4. The new law may companies to cut emissions.
  5. People around the world terrorism.
  6. They tried to a plan to save the business.
  7. Nothing can her love for music.
  8. Newspapers sometimes the facts.

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 坚持原则 →
  2. comply with →
  3. 剥夺某人的…… →
  4. dedicate oneself to →
  5. 起源于 →
  6. compensate for →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The Importance of Teamwork. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（2 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 人工智能技术正在深刻改变我们的生活方式。从智能手机到自动驾驶汽车，人工智能的应用无处不在。专家认为，未来十年内，人工智能将在医疗、教育和金融等领域发挥更大的作用。然而，我们也必须正视它带来的挑战，例如就业结构的变化和个人隐私的保护。只有在发展与监管之间取得平衡，技术才能真正造福人类。
  2. 中国传统文化强调家庭观念与集体精神。春节是家人团聚的时刻，无论人们身在何处，都会设法回家与亲人共度佳节。长辈会给晚辈发红包，寄托对新一年的美好祝愿。随着时代变迁，庆祝的方式在不断演变，但团圆与感恩的核心价值始终未变。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 政府决定废除这项过时的法律。
  2. 我们必须坚持诚实的原则。
  3. 这两所大学在人工智能研究方面开展合作。
  4. 公司就加班时间向工人们支付了补偿。
  5. 所有员工都必须遵守安全规定。
  6. 他被剥夺了投票权。
  7. 久病之后，她的健康每况愈下。
  8. 老师把试卷分发给学生。

二、汉译英

  1. He claimed that he was innocent.
  2. We should cherish everything we have now.
  3. The new theory derives from a long-term study.
  4. She dedicated her whole life to education.
  5. Please do not conceal the truth.
  6. We must confront the challenges directly.
  7. He disregarded all the warnings.
  8. The noise distracted me.

三、选词填空

  1. abolish
  2. betray
  3. cherish
  4. compel
  5. condemn
  6. devise
  7. diminish
  8. distort

四、短语互译

  1. adhere to the principles
  2. 遵守；依从
  3. deprive sb. of...
  4. 致力于；献身于
  5. derive from
  6. 补偿；弥补

五、写作训练（参考范文）

The Importance of Teamwork

Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common goal. In today's society, almost no great achievement can be accomplished by one person alone.

Teamwork brings many benefits. Firstly, it allows people to share ideas and learn from each other, which often leads to better solutions. Secondly, tasks can be divided according to each member's strengths, so work is done more efficiently. Finally, working in a team gives us a sense of belonging and support when we face difficulties.

To sum up, teamwork not only improves efficiency but also helps us grow. We should learn to listen, cooperate and contribute in a team.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

Artificial intelligence is profoundly changing the way we live. From smartphones to self-driving cars, AI applications are everywhere. Experts believe that in the next decade, AI will play an even greater role in fields such as healthcare, education and finance. However, we must also confront the challenges it brings, such as changes in the employment structure and the protection of personal privacy. Only by striking a balance between development and regulation can technology truly benefit humanity.

Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes family values and the collective spirit. The Spring Festival is a time for family reunion; no matter where people are, they try to return home to celebrate with their loved ones. Elders give red envelopes to the younger generation, carrying their best wishes for the new year. As times change, the ways of celebration keep evolving, but the core values of reunion and gratitude remain unchanged.

阶段九：英语四级扩展词汇（下）500 词 · 18 短语 · 33 题

🎯 学习目标：以学术、经济、法律等主题名词为主线，扩展四级大纲中频名词与相关词类，重点突破翻译与写作的主题词汇储备。

📖 Part 1 核心词汇（50 词）

#单词 / 音标词性·释义例句
1scholarly
/ˈskɒləli/		adj.学术的；博学的She published a scholarly article.她发表了一篇学术文章。
2sociology
/ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒi/		n.社会学She has a degree in sociology.她有社会学学位。
3synthesis
/ˈsɪnθəsɪs/		n.综合；合成The paper is a synthesis of various theories.这篇论文是各种理论的综合。
4taxonomy
/tækˈsɒnəmi/		n.分类学；分类法Biologists use a taxonomy to classify species.生物学家用分类法对物种进行分类。
5theoretical
/ˌθɪəˈretɪkl/		adj.理论的；假设的The course covers both theoretical and practical aspects.这门课程涵盖理论和实践两方面。
6validity
/vəˈlɪdəti/		n.有效性；正确性The validity of the results was questioned.结果的有效性受到质疑。
7bankruptcy
/ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/		n.破产The company filed for bankruptcy.这家公司申请破产。
8capital
/ˈkæpɪtl/		n.资本；首都The company raised capital for expansion.公司为扩张筹集资金。
9commodity
/kəˈmɒdəti/		n.商品；日用品Oil is a valuable commodity.石油是一种宝贵的商品。
10consumer
/kənˈsjuːmə(r)/		n.消费者Consumer confidence is rising.消费者信心在上升。
11consumption
/kənˈsʌmpʃn/		n.消费；消耗Energy consumption has increased.能源消耗增加了。
12currency
/ˈkʌrənsi/		n.货币；通货The local currency depreciated.当地货币贬值了。
13depreciation
/dɪˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/		n.贬值；折旧The currency suffered rapid depreciation.这种货币迅速贬值。
14dividend
/ˈdɪvɪdend/		n.股息；红利Shareholders received a dividend.股东们收到了股息。
15economics
/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/		n.经济学She studies economics at university.她在大学学习经济学。
16entrepreneurship
/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːʃɪp/		n.创业精神；企业家精神The program promotes entrepreneurship.这个项目鼓励创业精神。
17equity
/ˈekwəti/		n.股本；公平The company issued new equity.公司发行了新股票。
18expenditure
/ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)/		n.支出；花费Public expenditure on health has increased.公共医疗支出增加了。
19finance
/ˈfaɪnæns/		n./v.金融；提供资金She works in corporate finance.她从事公司金融工作。
20fiscal
/ˈfɪskl/		adj.财政的；国库的The government announced fiscal reforms.政府宣布了财政改革。
21fluctuation
/ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/		n.波动；变动Price fluctuations are normal in this market.价格波动在这个市场很正常。
22fund
/fʌnd/		n./v.基金；资助The research was funded by a grant.这项研究由一笔拨款资助。
23inflation
/ɪnˈfleɪʃn/		n.通货膨胀；通胀Inflation erodes purchasing power.通货膨胀侵蚀购买力。
24interest
/ˈɪntrəst/		n.利息；兴趣The bank charges high interest rates.这家银行收取高利率。
25liability
/ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/		n.负债；责任The company has significant liabilities.这家公司有大量负债。
26margin
/ˈmɑːdʒɪn/		n.利润；边缘The company operates on thin margins.这家公司利润微薄。
27merger
/ˈmɜːdʒə(r)/		n.合并；兼并The merger created a larger company.这次合并造就了一家更大的公司。
28monetary
/ˈmʌnɪtri/		adj.货币的；金融的The central bank controls monetary policy.中央银行控制货币政策。
29mortgage
/ˈmɔːɡɪdʒ/		n.抵押贷款；按揭They took out a mortgage to buy a house.他们申请抵押贷款买房。
30negotiable
/nɪˈɡəʊʃiəbl/		adj.可协商的；可转让的The price is negotiable.价格可以商量。
31overhead
/ˈəʊvəhed/		n./adj.日常开支；在头顶上的The company reduced its overhead costs.公司削减了管理费用。
32portfolio
/pɔːtˈfəʊliəʊ/		n.投资组合；文件夹She manages a diverse investment portfolio.她管理着多元化的投资组合。
33recession
/rɪˈseʃn/		n.经济衰退；不景气The country is in recession.这个国家正处于经济衰退中。
34revenue
/ˈrevənjuː/		n.收入；税收Government revenue increased last year.政府收入去年增加了。
35shareholder
/ˈʃeəhəʊldə(r)/		n.股东Shareholders voted on the proposal.股东们就这项提案进行了投票。
36stock
/stɒk/		n.股票；库存She invested in tech stocks.她投资了科技股。
37subsidiary
/səbˈsɪdiəri/		n./adj.子公司；附属的The company opened a subsidiary in Asia.公司在亚洲开了一家子公司。
38surplus
/ˈsɜːpləs/		n.盈余；过剩The country has a trade surplus.这个国家有贸易顺差。
39amendment
/əˈmendmənt/		n.修正案；修改The constitution was amended recently.宪法最近被修订了。
40bail
/beɪl/		n./v.保释；保释金He was released on bail.他被保释了。
41ballot
/ˈbælət/		n.选票；投票Voters cast their ballots today.选民们今天投票。
42bill
/bɪl/		n.法案；账单Congress passed the bill.国会通过了这项法案。
43bureaucratic
/ˌbjʊərəˈkrætɪk/		adj.官僚的；官僚主义的The process is bureaucratic and slow.这个过程官僚且缓慢。
44clause
/klɔːz/		n.条款；从句The contract has a confidentiality clause.合同中有保密条款。
45convict
/kənˈvɪkt/		v./n.定罪；罪犯He was convicted of fraud.他被判犯有欺诈罪。
46custody
/ˈkʌstədi/		n.监护权；拘留The mother has custody of the children.母亲拥有孩子的监护权。
47decree
/dɪˈkriː/		n./v.法令；颁布The king issued a royal decree.国王颁布了皇家法令。
48defendant
/dɪˈfendənt/		n.被告The defendant pleaded not guilty.被告不认罪。
49diplomacy
/dɪˈpləʊməsi/		n.外交；交际手腕The conflict was resolved through diplomacy.冲突通过外交手段解决。
50diplomat
/ˈdɪpləmæt/		n.外交官She works as a diplomat at the embassy.她在大使馆担任外交官。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📚 Part 1B 扩展词汇（450 词 · 按主题分组）

1️⃣ 高频名词（一）（45）

embassyn.大使馆
The embassy is closed on public holidays.大使馆在公共假日关门。
federaladj.联邦的；联邦制的
Federal taxes fund national programs.联邦税为国家项目提供资金。
hearingn.听证会；听力
The court hearing is scheduled for tomorrow.法庭听证会定于明天举行。
indictv.起诉；控告
He was indicted for fraud.他因欺诈被起诉。
jurisdictionn.管辖权；司法权
The case falls under federal jurisdiction.这个案子属于联邦管辖。
lawsuitn.诉讼；官司
She filed a lawsuit against her employer.她起诉了雇主。
legislaturen.立法机关
The state legislature passed a new bill.州立法机构通过了一项新法案。
petitionn./v.请愿；请愿书
They signed a petition to save the park.他们签署了请愿书以拯救公园。
plaintiffn.原告
The plaintiff claimed damages of one million dollars.原告索赔一百万美元。
referendumn.公投；全民投票
The country held a referendum on EU membership.该国就欧盟成员国身份举行了公投。
regimen.政权；政体
The regime was overthrown.政权被推翻了。
senatorn.参议员
The senator proposed a new law.这位参议员提出了一项新法律。
sovereigntyn.主权；统治权
The country defended its sovereignty.该国捍卫了主权。
statuten.法令；法规
The statute limits free speech in some cases.该法令在某些情况下限制了言论自由。
suffragen.选举权；投票权
Women's suffrage was a long-fought battle.女性选举权是一场长期的斗争。
treatyn.条约；协定
The two countries signed a peace treaty.两国签署了和平条约。
veton./v.否决权；否决
The president vetoed the bill.总统否决了该法案。
acuteadj.严重的；急性的
He has acute appendicitis.他患有急性阑尾炎。
allergyn.过敏；变态反应
She has a nut allergy.她对坚果过敏。
anatomyn.解剖学；解剖
He studies human anatomy at university.他在大学学习人体解剖学。
antibioticn./adj.抗生素；抗生素的
The doctor prescribed antibiotics for the infection.医生为这次感染开了抗生素。
bandagen./v.绷带；包扎
She wrapped a bandage around his hand.她用绷带包住他的手。
capsulen.胶囊；太空舱
Take one capsule daily with food.每天饭后服用一粒胶囊。
chronicadj.慢性的；长期的
He suffers from chronic back pain.他患有慢性背痛。
contagiousadj.传染性的；有感染力的
The disease is highly contagious.这种疾病具有高度传染性。
diagnosisn.诊断；判断
The doctor made a quick diagnosis.医生做出了快速诊断。
disordern.紊乱；失调
She has an eating disorder.她有进食障碍。
dosen.剂量；一剂
Take one dose three times a day.每日三次，每次一剂。
geneticadj.遗传的；基因的
The disease has a genetic component.这种疾病有遗传因素。
hygienen.卫生；卫生学
Good hygiene prevents the spread of disease.良好的卫生习惯可以防止疾病传播。
infectionn.感染；传染
The wound developed an infection.伤口感染了。
inflammationn.炎症；发炎
The medicine reduces inflammation.这种药能消炎。
medicationn.药物；药物治疗
She is on medication for high blood pressure.她正在服用高血压药物。
pharmacyn.药房；药剂学
I bought the medicine at the pharmacy.我在药房买了这种药。
surgeryn.外科手术；手术室
He underwent heart surgery last year.他去年做了心脏手术。
syndromen.综合征；综合症状
The doctor diagnosed her with chronic fatigue syndrome.医生诊断她患有慢性疲劳综合症。
therapyn.治疗；疗法
She is undergoing physical therapy.她正在接受物理治疗。
transplantn./v.移植；移栽
He had a kidney transplant.他接受了肾移植手术。
vaccinen.疫苗
The vaccine protects against the flu.这种疫苗能预防流感。
vitaminn.维生素
She takes vitamin C every day.她每天服用维生素 C。
wardn.病房；监护
The hospital has a maternity ward.医院有一个产科病房。
avalanchen.雪崩；山崩
The avalanche buried several skiers.雪崩掩埋了几名滑雪者。
biodiversityn.生物多样性
The rainforest is rich in biodiversity.雨林拥有丰富的生物多样性。
conservationn.保护；保存
Wildlife conservation is essential.野生动物保护至关重要。
contaminationn.污染；弄脏
The water contamination caused illness.水源污染引发了疾病。

2️⃣ 高频名词（二）（45）

deforestationn.森林砍伐
Deforestation threatens many species.森林砍伐威胁着许多物种。
emissionn.排放；排放物
Carbon emissions contribute to climate change.碳排放导致气候变化。
endangeredadj.濒危的
The giant panda is an endangered species.大熊猫是濒危物种。
erosionn.侵蚀；腐蚀
Soil erosion is a major environmental problem.水土流失是一个主要的环境问题。
extinctadj.灭绝的；绝种的
Dinosaurs went extinct millions of years ago.恐龙在数百万年前就灭绝了。
faminen.饥荒；饥饿
The famine caused widespread suffering.饥荒造成了广泛的苦难。
irrigationn.灌溉；水利
Modern irrigation systems save water.现代灌溉系统节约用水。
landsliden.山体滑坡；塌方
A landslide blocked the road.山体滑坡阻塞了道路。
pesticiden.杀虫剂；农药
The farmer stopped using pesticides.农民停止使用杀虫剂。
precipitationn.降水；降水量
Annual precipitation has decreased.年降水量减少了。
renewableadj.可再生的；可更新的
Solar energy is a renewable resource.太阳能是一种可再生资源。
solaradj.太阳的；太阳能的
Solar panels are installed on the roof.屋顶上安装了太阳能电池板。
toxicadj.有毒的；中毒的
The smoke is highly toxic.这种烟雾有剧毒。
tundran.苔原；冻原
The Arctic tundra is treeless.北极苔原没有树木。
cyberadj.网络的；计算机的
Cyber attacks are increasingly common.网络攻击越来越常见。
onlineadj./adv.在线的；在线
Online shopping has grown rapidly.网购发展迅速。
telecommunicationn.电信；远程通信
The telecommunication industry is changing fast.电信行业正快速变化。
virtualadj.虚拟的；实质上的
Virtual meetings save travel time.虚拟会议节省了差旅时间。
aestheticadj.美学的；审美的
The building has great aesthetic value.这座建筑有很高的美学价值。
carvev.雕刻；切开
He carved a statue from wood.他用木头雕刻了一座雕像。
ceramicn./adj.陶瓷；陶瓷的
She collects ceramic vases.她收藏陶瓷花瓶。
choreographyn.编舞；舞蹈设计
The choreography of the dance was impressive.这支舞蹈的编舞令人印象深刻。
classicaladj.古典的；经典的
She loves classical music.她喜欢古典音乐。
composern.作曲家；创作者
Beethoven was a famous composer.贝多芬是著名的作曲家。
craftn./v.工艺；手工制作
She learned the craft from her grandmother.她从祖母那里学到了这门手艺。
creativeadj.创造性的；有创意的
She has a creative approach to problem-solving.她解决问题的方式很有创意。
critiquen./v.批评；评论
He gave a sharp critique of the film.他对这部电影做了尖锐的批评。
depictv.描绘；描述
The painting depicts a rural scene.这幅画描绘了田园风光。
genren.类型；流派
Mystery is a popular literary genre.推理小说是一种流行的文学体裁。
harmonyn.和谐；和声
The choir sang in perfect harmony.合唱团唱得完美和谐。
illustratev.插图；说明
She illustrated the children's book.她为这本儿童书画了插图。
improvisev.即兴创作；即兴表演
He had to improvise his speech.他不得不即兴发言。
inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞
She is an inspiration to us all.她是我们所有人的灵感来源。
detergentn.洗涤剂；清洁剂
Use laundry detergent for tough stains.顽固污渍请用洗衣液。
dwellingn.住所；住宅
The ancient dwelling was discovered in the cave.这座古代住所是在洞穴中发现的。
mattressn.床垫；褥子
She bought a new mattress for better sleep.她买了一个新床垫以改善睡眠。
ornamentn.装饰品；点缀
She decorated the tree with ornaments.她用装饰品装饰圣诞树。
plumbingn.管道；管道工程
The plumbing needs to be fixed.水管需要修理。
refrigeratorn.冰箱；冷藏库
Keep the milk in the refrigerator.把牛奶放在冰箱里。
renovatev.翻新；修复
They renovated their kitchen last year.他们去年翻修了厨房。
residencen.住宅；居住
The president's official residence is in Beijing.总统的官邸在北京。
rugn.地毯；小地毯
A beautiful rug covered the floor.地板上铺着一块漂亮的地毯。
sanitationn.卫生；卫生设施
Poor sanitation can cause disease.糟糕的卫生条件会导致疾病。
stoven.炉子；火炉
She cooked dinner on the gas stove.她在煤气灶上做晚饭。
sweepv.打扫；清扫
Please sweep the floor.请扫地。

3️⃣ 高频名词（三）（45）

accommodationn.住宿；膳宿
The hotel provides excellent accommodation.这家酒店提供极好的住宿。
cargon.货物；船货
The cargo was unloaded from the ship.货物从船上卸下。
expeditionn.远征；探险
They went on an expedition to the North Pole.他们去北极探险了。
ferryn.渡船；渡口
We took the ferry across the bay.我们坐渡船过了海湾。
frontiern.边疆；前沿
The town is on the frontier between two countries.这个小镇位于两国的边界上。
harborn.港口；避风港
The harbor is full of fishing boats.港口停满了渔船。
jet lagn.时差反应
She suffered from jet lag after the long flight.长途飞行后她有时差反应。
reservationn.预订；保留
I have a dinner reservation at seven.我预订了七点的晚餐。
sightseeingn.观光；游览
We went sightseeing in Paris.我们去巴黎观光了。
transitn.运输；过境
The goods are in transit.货物在运输途中。
transportationn.交通；运输
Public transportation is convenient here.这里的公共交通很方便。
bulletinn.公告；简报
The news bulletin reported the earthquake.新闻简报报道了地震。
commentatorn.评论员；解说员
The commentator analyzed the game.解说员分析了比赛。
correspondentn.记者；通讯员
The foreign correspondent reported on the war.外国记者报道了这场战争。
reviewn./v.评论；复习
The book received excellent reviews.这本书获得了极好的评价。
scandaln.丑闻；丑事
The scandal ended his career.这场丑闻终结了他的职业生涯。
sponsorn./v.赞助商；赞助
A local company sponsored the event.一家当地公司赞助了这次活动。
tabloidn.小报；通俗小报
The story was leaked to a tabloid.这条消息被泄露给了小报。
televisionn.电视；电视机
She appeared on television last night.她昨晚上了电视。
viraladj.病毒式的；病毒的
The video went viral overnight.这个视频一夜之间爆红。
aerobicsn.有氧运动；健美操
She does aerobics three times a week.她每周做三次有氧运动。
athleticadj.运动的；健壮的
He has an athletic build.他有着运动员般的身材。
championshipn.锦标赛；冠军头衔
They won the national championship.他们赢得了全国冠军。
coachn./v.教练；指导
The coach trained the team hard.教练严格训练这支队伍。
competitionn.竞争；比赛
The competition was fierce.竞争非常激烈。
defeatv./n.击败；失败
They suffered a crushing defeat.他们遭遇了惨败。
endurancen.耐力；持久力
Marathon runners need great endurance.马拉松运动员需要极强的耐力。
fitnessn.健康；健身
Regular exercise improves fitness.定期运动能改善体质。
gymnasiumn.体育馆；健身房
The school has a large gymnasium.学校有一座大型体育馆。
leaguen.联盟；联赛
Our team plays in the top league.我们的球队参加顶级联赛。
marathonn.马拉松；耐力比赛
She ran a marathon last year.她去年跑了一场马拉松。
medaln.奖牌；勋章
He won a gold medal at the Olympics.他在奥运会上获得了一枚金牌。
opponentn.对手；敌手
He defeated his opponent easily.他轻松击败了对手。
participantn.参与者；参加者
Each participant received a certificate.每位参与者都获得了一份证书。
professionaladj./n.职业的；专业人士
He turned professional at age 20.他在 20 岁时转为职业选手。
refereen.裁判；仲裁人
The referee showed the player a red card.裁判给球员出示了红牌。
scoren./v.得分；比分
The final score was 3-2.最终比分是 3 比 2。
spectatorn.观众；旁观者
Thousands of spectators filled the stadium.数千名观众挤满了体育场。
stadiumn.体育场；运动场
The new stadium seats 50,000 people.新体育场可容纳 5 万人。
tournamentn.锦标赛；联赛
The tennis tournament starts next week.网球锦标赛下周开始。
trainern.教练；运动鞋
Her personal trainer helped her lose weight.她的私人教练帮她减肥。
victoryn.胜利；成功
The team celebrated their victory.球队庆祝他们的胜利。
workoutn.锻炼；训练
She does a daily workout.她每天锻炼。
advisev.建议；劝告
I advise you to rest for a few days.我建议你休息几天。
aimv./n.瞄准；目标
Our aim is to finish by Friday.我们的目标是周五前完成。

4️⃣ 高频动词（一）（45）

arrivev.到达；来临
We arrived at the airport on time.我们按时到达了机场。
askv.问；请求
She asked me a difficult question.她问了我一个难题。
botherv.打扰；麻烦
Don't bother me while I'm working.我工作时别打扰我。
consistv.由……组成；在于
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。
containv.包含；容纳
The box contains old photos.盒子里装着老照片。
decidev.决定；裁决
I decided to take a break.我决定休息一下。
dependv.依赖；取决于
Success depends on hard work.成功取决于努力。
describev.描述；形容
Can you describe the suspect?你能描述一下嫌疑人吗？
discoverv.发现；发觉
Scientists discovered a new planet.科学家发现了一颗新行星。
discussv.讨论；谈论
We need to discuss the issue.我们需要讨论这个问题。
enjoyv.享受；喜欢
I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。
explainv.解释；说明
Please explain the rules to me.请向我解释这些规则。
expressv.表达；表示
She expressed her thoughts clearly.她清楚地表达了自己的想法。
failv.失败；未能做到
Don't fail to back up your files.记得备份文件。
finishv.完成；结束
I finished the book last night.我昨晚读完了这本书。
happenv.发生；碰巧
What happened last night?昨晚发生了什么？
includev.包括；包含
The price includes breakfast.价格包含早餐。
increasev.增加；增长
Sales increased by 20% last year.去年销售额增长了 20%。
introducev.介绍；引进
Let me introduce my friend.让我介绍一下我的朋友。
invitev.邀请；招致
I invited her to the party.我邀请她参加聚会。
joinv.加入；参加
Would you like to join us for dinner?你愿意和我们一起吃晚饭吗？
learnv.学习；得知
She learned to swim as a child.她小时候学会了游泳。
listenv.听；倾听
Please listen carefully.请仔细听。
managev.管理；设法做到
She managed the project successfully.她成功管理了这个项目。
mentionv.提到；说起
He didn't mention his wife.他没有提到他的妻子。
offerv./n.提供；提议
She offered me a cup of tea.她给了我一杯茶。
practicev./n.练习；实践
You need to practice every day.你需要每天练习。
preferv.更喜欢；宁愿
I prefer tea to coffee.我喜欢茶胜过咖啡。
preparev.准备；预备
I need to prepare dinner.我需要准备晚饭。
pretendv.假装；伪装
He pretended to be asleep.他假装睡着了。
promisev./n.承诺；许诺
I promise to be there on time.我保证准时到。
protectv.保护；保卫
The vaccine protects against the disease.疫苗能预防这种疾病。
providev.提供；供应
The hotel provides free Wi-Fi.酒店提供免费无线网络。
realizev.意识到；实现
I didn't realize the time.我没有意识到时间。
recommendv.推荐；建议
I recommend this book.我推荐这本书。
refusev.拒绝；谢绝
He refused to answer.他拒绝回答。
remainv.保持；剩余
Please remain calm.请保持冷静。
rememberv.记得；记住
I remember meeting her last year.我记得去年见过她。
requirev.需要；要求
The job requires patience.这份工作需要耐心。
seemv.似乎；好像
You seem tired today.你今天看起来很累。
suggestv.建议；暗示
I suggest taking a break.我建议休息一下。
supportv./n.支持；支撑
Thank you for your support.谢谢你的支持。
supposev.假设；认为
I suppose you are right.我想你是对的。
survivev.幸存；存活
Only a few survived the crash.只有少数人在事故中幸存。
tendv.倾向于；照料
Children tend to learn quickly.儿童往往学得很快。

5️⃣ 高频名词（四）（45）

travelv./n.旅行；传播
She loves to travel around the world.她喜欢环游世界。
understandv.理解；明白
I understand your concern.我理解你的担忧。
wonderv.想知道；感到好奇
I wonder why he left.我想知道他为什么离开。
absurdadj.荒谬的；可笑的
The idea is absurd.这个想法很荒唐。
accentn.口音；重音
She speaks English with a French accent.她讲英语带有法语口音。
agitatev.煽动；搅动
The workers agitated for better pay.工人们为争取更高工资进行斗争。
aislen.过道；通道
The bride walked down the aisle.新娘走过教堂的走道。
albumn.相册；专辑
She released her first album last year.她去年发行了第一张专辑。
alertadj./n.警觉的；警报；💻 计算机：告警；弹窗提示
alienatev.使疏远；离间
His behavior alienated his friends.他的行为疏远了朋友。
alignv.对齐；使一致
Align the picture with the frame.把画和画框对齐。
alloyn.合金
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.黄铜是铜和锌的合金。
alludev.暗指；提及
He alluded to his past mistakes.他暗示过去的错误。
aloofadj.冷漠的；疏远的
She remained aloof from the discussion.她对讨论保持冷淡。
altarn.祭坛；圣坛
The bride and groom stood at the altar.新郎新娘站在圣坛前。
alternatev./adj.交替；轮流的
We alternate between work and rest.我们在工作和休息之间交替。
amassv.积累；聚集
He amassed a fortune in real estate.他在房地产上积累了一大笔财富。
ambushn./v.伏击
The soldiers were ambushed in the forest.士兵们在森林里遭到伏击。
amendsn.赔偿；补偿
He made amends for his past mistakes.他弥补了过去的错误。
amidprep.在……之中
The computer is amid the desk.电脑在桌子在……之中。
analogyn.类比；相似
She drew an analogy between the two cases.她对这两种情况进行了类比。
analyticadj.分析的；解析的
She has an analytic mind.她有分析型的头脑。
animatev./adj.使有生气；有生命的
The film animates the characters skillfully.这部电影巧妙地把角色变得栩栩如生。
annexv./n.吞并；附件
They plan to annex the adjacent building.他们计划吞并相邻的建筑物。
antarcticadj.南极的
The Antarctic ice sheet is melting.南极冰盖正在融化。
apen./v.猿；模仿
Some apes can use tools.一些类人猿会使用工具。
appeasev.安抚；平息
He tried to appease the angry customer.他试图平息愤怒的顾客。
appendixn.附录；阑尾
Refer to the appendix for details.详情请参阅附录。
appraisaln.评价；鉴定
The company gave her a performance appraisal.公司给了她一份绩效评估。
aptadj.恰当的；易于……的
She is apt to forget names.她容易忘记名字。
arcn.弧；弧形
The ball followed a high arc.球划出了一条高高的弧线。
archn./v.拱门；拱起
They walked under a stone arch.他们走过一座石拱门。
arenan.竞技场；舞台
The team entered the arena to cheers.球队在欢呼声中进入球场。
armorn.盔甲；装甲
The knight wore metal armor.骑士穿着金属盔甲。
aroman.香气；芬芳
The aroma of fresh coffee filled the room.新鲜咖啡的香气充满了房间。
ascendv.上升；攀登
The plane began to ascend.飞机开始爬升。
ascertainv.查明；确定
Please ascertain the facts.请查明事实。
ashoreadv.上岸；在岸上
The sailors came ashore.水手们上了岸。
aspirev.渴望；立志
She aspires to become a doctor.她立志成为一名医生。
assaultn./v.攻击；袭击
He was charged with assault.他被指控人身伤害。
assimilatev.吸收；同化
Immigrants often struggle to assimilate.移民常常难以融入。
assortmentn.混合物；各类
The store sells an assortment of chocolates.商店出售各种巧克力。
astrayadv.迷路；误入歧途
The letter went astray.信寄丢了。
asylumn.庇护；精神病院
They applied for political asylum.他们申请了政治避难。
atlasn.地图集
The atlas shows world geography.这本地图册展示了世界地理。

6️⃣ 高频名词（五）（45）

attiren.服装；盛装
Her formal attire was elegant.她的正装很优雅。
auctionn./v.拍卖
The painting was sold at auction.这幅画在拍卖会上售出。
auditn./v.审计；查账
The company did an annual audit.公司进行了年度审计。
auditoryadj.听觉的
Hearing loss affects the auditory nerve.听力损失影响听觉神经。
augmentv.增加；扩大；💻 计算机：增强（AR 中的 A）
availn./v.效用；利用
All his efforts were of no avail.他所有的努力都徒劳无功。
avertv.避免；转移
They averted a disaster.他们避免了一场灾难。
aviationn.航空；飞行
Aviation has transformed travel.航空业改变了旅行。
awen./v.敬畏
She looked at the mountain in awe.她敬畏地看着那座山。
awkwardadj.尴尬的；笨拙的
There was an awkward silence.一阵尴尬的沉默。
axen.斧头
He used an axe to chop wood.他用斧头劈柴。
axisn.轴；轴线
The Earth rotates on its axis.地球绕地轴自转。
bafflev.使困惑；难倒
The puzzle baffled me.这个谜题让我困惑。
baitn./v.诱饵；引诱
The fisherman used worms as bait.渔夫用虫子作诱饵。
bantern./v.玩笑；打趣
Their banter made everyone laugh.他们的打趣让每个人都笑了。
bargen./v.驳船；闯入
A barge floated down the river.一艘驳船顺流而下。
barleyn.大麦
Barley is used to make beer.大麦用于酿造啤酒。
barnn.谷仓；畜棚
The cows sleep in the barn.牛睡在谷仓里。
barometern.气压计
The barometer is falling.气压计在下降。
barreln.桶；枪管
He drank a barrel of beer.他喝了一大桶啤酒。
barrenadj.贫瘠的；不毛的
The land was barren and dry.土地贫瘠干燥。
bazaarn.集市；市场
We bought spices at the bazaar.我们在集市上买了香料。
beaconn.灯塔；信号灯
The lighthouse acts as a beacon.灯塔起着灯标的作用。
beckonv.招手；吸引
She beckoned me to come over.她招手让我过去。
beetlen.甲虫
A beetle crawled across the path.一只甲虫爬过小路。
bellowv./n.吼叫；咆哮
He bellowed in anger.他愤怒地吼叫。
bellyn.腹部；肚子
His belly ached from eating too much.他因为吃得太多而肚子痛。
beneathprep./adv.在……之下
The cat hid beneath the table.猫躲在桌子下面。
benignadj.良性的；和蔼的
The tumor was benign.这个肿瘤是良性的。
besiegev.围攻；困扰
The army besieged the city.军队包围了城市。
bestowv.授予；给予
The queen bestowed a medal on him.女王授予他一枚勋章。
bewarev.当心；提防
Beware of the dog.当心那条狗。
bewilderv.使迷惑；使糊涂
The complex instructions bewildered me.复杂的说明让我困惑。
bidv./n.出价；投标
She bid 100 dollars for the painting.她为这幅画出价 100 美元。
billowv./n.翻腾；巨浪
Smoke billowed from the chimney.烟从烟囱中滚滚升起。
binn.箱子；垃圾桶
Put the bottles in the recycling bin.把瓶子放进回收箱。
bindv.捆绑；约束
The contract binds both parties.合同约束双方。
biographyn.传记
She wrote a biography of her mother.她为母亲写了一本传记。
birchn.桦树
Birch trees are common in cold regions.桦树在寒冷地区很常见。
bishopn.主教
The bishop delivered a sermon.主教发表了布道。
blazen./v.火焰；燃烧
A blaze broke out in the warehouse.仓库里燃起了大火。
bleachv./n.漂白；漂白剂
She used bleach to whiten the clothes.她用漂白剂把衣服漂白。
bleakadj.荒凉的；暗淡的
The future looked bleak.前景看起来暗淡。
blendv./n.混合；融合
Blend the ingredients until smooth.把材料搅拌至顺滑。
blinkv./n.眨眼；闪烁
He blinked in surprise.他惊讶地眨了眨眼。

7️⃣ 高频名词（六）（45）

blistern.水泡；气泡
A blister formed on her heel.她的脚后跟起了一个水泡。
bluntadj./v.钝的；直率的
He used a blunt knife to cut the rope.他用一把钝刀割绳子。
blurv./n.模糊；污迹
The image was a blur in the rain.雨中图像一片模糊。
boastv./n.自夸；夸耀
He boasted about his new car.他吹嘘自己的新车。
bogn.沼泽
They got stuck in a bog.他们陷进了沼泽里。
boltn./v.螺栓；逃跑
He slid the bolt shut.他滑动门闩关上了门。
boothn.摊位；电话亭
They set up a booth at the fair.他们在集市上搭了一个摊位。
boroughn.自治市镇；区
The borough has a population of 100,000.这个区有 10 万人口。
bosomn.胸；怀抱
She held the child to her bosom.她把孩子抱在怀里。
bouncev./n.弹跳；反弹
The ball bounced off the wall.球从墙上弹了回来。
boundadj./n.必定的；界限
She is bound to succeed.她必定会成功。
bountyn.赏金；慷慨
There was a bounty on the criminal's head.悬赏捉拿这个罪犯。
bowv./n.鞠躬；弓
He bowed politely.他礼貌地鞠了一躬。
boycottv./n.抵制
Consumers boycotted the brand.消费者抵制了这个品牌。
bracev./n.支撑；支架
Brace yourself for bad news.准备好接受坏消息吧。
bragv.吹嘘；自夸
He bragged about his wealth.他吹嘘自己的财富。
braidn./v.辫子；编织
She wore her hair in a braid.她把头发编成辫子。
breachn./v.违反；缺口
The hackers breached the security system.黑客突破了安全系统。
breadthn.宽度；广度
The breadth of his knowledge is impressive.他的知识面令人印象深刻。
brewv./n.酿造；冲泡
She brewed a pot of tea.她泡了一壶茶。
bribev./n.贿赂
He was arrested for trying to bribe an official.他因试图贿赂官员而被捕。
brimn.边缘；帽檐
The cup was filled to the brim.杯子装得满满的。
briskadj.轻快的；兴旺的
They took a brisk walk.他们进行了轻快的散步。
brittleadj.易碎的；脆弱的
Glass is brittle.玻璃易碎。
broodn./v.一窝；沉思
The hen brooded over her eggs.母鸡在孵蛋。
brookn.小溪
A brook ran through the meadow.一条小溪流过草地。
brown.眉毛；额头
He wiped sweat from his brow.他擦去额头上的汗。
bruisen./v.瘀伤；碰伤
She had a bruise on her arm.她胳膊上有一块淤青。
buckn./v.雄鹿；美元
The horse tried to buck.那匹马试图弓背跳起。
budgev.移动；改变主意
The rock wouldn't budge.那块石头纹丝不动。
bulbn.灯泡；球茎
Replace the light bulb.更换灯泡。
bulgen./v.膨胀；凸起
His pockets bulged with coins.他的口袋鼓鼓囊囊装满了硬币。
bulkn.体积；大部分
The bulk of the work is done.大部分工作已经完成。
bulln.公牛
The bull charged at the matador.公牛向斗牛士冲去。
bumpv./n.碰撞；肿块
He bumped his head on the door.他的头撞到了门。
bunkern.地堡；沙坑
The soldiers hid in the bunker.士兵们躲在掩体里。
burglaryn.入室盗窃
A burglary was reported last night.昨晚有人报案入室盗窃。
bustlev./n.忙碌；喧闹
The city bustled with activity.城市里一片繁忙。
buttn./v.臀部；烟头
He butted into the conversation.他插嘴了。
buzzv./n.嗡嗡叫；蜂鸣声
Bees buzz around the flowers.蜜蜂在花周围嗡嗡叫。
bylawn.地方法规；细则
The bylaw prohibits smoking indoors.该地方法禁止室内吸烟。
cadetn.军校学员
The cadets marched in formation.军校学员列队行进。
calamityn.灾难；不幸
The earthquake was a great calamity.这次地震是一场大灾难。
calfn.小牛；小腿
The cow gave birth to a calf.母牛生了一头小牛。
camouflagen./v.伪装
The chameleon uses camouflage to hide.变色龙利用伪装藏身。

8️⃣ 高频名词（七）（45）

candidadj.坦率的；直言的
I appreciate your candid opinion.我欣赏你坦诚的意见。
canen.手杖；藤条
The old man walked with a cane.老人拄着拐杖走路。
cannonn.大炮
The cannon fired loudly.大炮轰鸣。
capen.海角；斗篷
She wore a red cape.她披着一件红色的斗篷。
captiven./adj.俘虏；被囚禁的
The captive was released after a year.俘虏在一年后被释放。
cardinaladj./n.主要的；红衣主教
Respect for elders is a cardinal virtue.尊敬老人是最重要的美德。
casualtyn.伤亡人员；受害者
There were no casualties in the accident.事故中无人伤亡。
catalystn.催化剂
The new CEO was a catalyst for change.新 CEO 是变革的催化剂。
cathedraln.大教堂
The cathedral took decades to build.这座大教堂花了数十年才建成。
cautionn./v.谨慎；警告
Drive with caution in the rain.雨中驾驶要小心。
cavityn.洞；腔
The dentist filled the cavity.牙医补了龋洞。
ceasev.停止；终止
The factory ceased production last year.工厂去年停产了。
cellarn.地窖；地下室
The wine is stored in the cellar.酒存放在地窖里。
cemeteryn.墓地；公墓
He was buried in the local cemetery.他被安葬在当地墓地。
censusn.人口普查
The census is taken every ten years.每十年进行一次人口普查。
cerealn.谷物；麦片
She eats cereal for breakfast.她早餐吃麦片。
certifyv.证明；认证
The doctor certified him unfit for work.医生证明他不适合工作。
chantv./n.吟唱；圣歌
The fans chanted the team's name.球迷们反复高喊球队的名字。
chapeln.小教堂
They got married in a small chapel.他们在一座小教堂里结婚。
chartern.宪章；特许状
The school received a charter from the state.学校获得了州政府颁发的特许状。
chatterv./n.喋喋不休；唠叨
The chatter of the audience was loud.观众们嘈杂地交谈。
chefn.厨师长；主厨
The chef prepared a delicious meal.厨师做了一顿美味的饭菜。
chewv.咀嚼；嚼碎
Chew your food slowly.慢慢咀嚼食物。
chilln./v.寒冷；使变冷
There was a chill in the air.空气中有一丝寒意。
chirpv./n.啁啾；唧唧叫
Birds chirp in the morning.鸟儿在早晨啁啾。
choirn.合唱团；唱诗班
The choir sang beautifully.合唱团唱得很美。
chokev.窒息；哽住
He choked on a piece of bread.他被一块面包噎住了。
chopv./n.砍；排骨
She chopped the vegetables.她把蔬菜切碎。
chordn.和弦；心弦
He played a chord on the piano.他在钢琴上弹了一个和弦。
chorusn.合唱；副歌
The chorus sang the national anthem.合唱团演唱了国歌。
chunkn.大块；厚片
A large chunk of ice fell from the roof.一大块冰从屋顶掉下。
cidern.苹果酒
Apple cider is popular in autumn.苹果酒在秋天很受欢迎。
civicadj.城市的；公民的
Voting is a civic duty.投票是公民的义务。
clampn./v.夹子；夹紧
Use a clamp to hold the pieces.用夹子把零件夹住。
clann.氏族；家族
The clan gathered for a reunion.家族聚在一起团聚。
clashv./n.冲突；碰撞
The two sides clashed at the meeting.双方在会上发生了冲突。
claspv./n.紧握；扣子
She clasped her hands in prayer.她在祈祷时双手紧握。
clattern./v.哗啦声；发出响声
The clatter of dishes woke me up.碗碟的叮当声把我吵醒了。
cleansev.清洁；净化
Use this soap to cleanse your face.用这种肥皂清洁面部。
clergyn.神职人员
The clergy led the ceremony.神职人员主持了仪式。
climaxn.高潮；顶点
The movie reaches its climax in the third act.电影在第三幕达到高潮。
clingv.紧贴；坚持
The child clung to her mother.孩子紧紧抱着妈妈。
clipv./n.剪；夹子
She clipped the photo to the board.她把照片夹在板上。
cloakn.斗篷；掩饰
He hid his plans under a cloak of secrecy.他将计划隐藏在秘密之中。
clogv./n.堵塞；木屐
Hair clogged the drain.头发堵塞了下水道。

9️⃣ 高频动词（二）（45）

clutchv./n.抓紧；离合器
She clutched her bag tightly.她紧紧抓住她的包。
coercev.强迫；胁迫
He was coerced into signing the contract.他被迫签署了合同。
cogentadj.有说服力的
She made a cogent argument.她提出了令人信服的论点。
coincidev.同时发生；一致
My birthday coincides with the holiday.我的生日和这个节日同一天。
collidev.碰撞；冲突
Two cars collided at the intersection.两辆车在十字路口相撞。
colossaladj.巨大的；庞大的
A colossal statue stands in the square.广场上矗立着一座巨大的雕像。
commemoratev.纪念；庆祝
The ceremony commemorates the founding of the city.该仪式纪念城市的建立。
commotionn.骚动；混乱
A commotion broke out in the crowd.人群中发生了骚动。
compassionn.同情；怜悯
She showed great compassion for the poor.她对穷人表现出极大的同情。
complexionn.肤色；气色
She has a fair complexion.她肤色白皙。
complimentn./v.赞美；恭维
He complimented her on her cooking.他称赞她的烹饪。
composuren.镇定；沉着
She kept her composure under pressure.她在压力下保持了镇定。
compulsiveadj.强迫性的；上瘾的
He has a compulsive habit of checking his phone.他有不停查看手机的强迫性习惯。
concedev.承认；让步
He conceded defeat.他承认失败。
conceitn.自负；傲慢
His conceit made him unpopular.他的自负让他不受欢迎。
conciseadj.简明的；简洁的
Please write a concise report.请写一份简明的报告。
concurv.同意；一致
I concur with your opinion.我同意你的意见。
condonev.宽恕；纵容
I cannot condone such behavior.我不能容忍这种行为。
conen.圆锥；蛋筒
The ice cream was served in a cone.冰淇淋装在圆锥筒里端上来。
confiscatev.没收；充公
Customs officials confiscated the goods.海关官员没收了货物。
conformv.遵守；符合
You must conform to the rules.你必须遵守规则。
confoundv.使困惑；混淆
His sudden change confounded us.他的突然变化让我们困惑。
congregatev.聚集；集合
People congregated in the square.人们在广场上聚集。
consecratev.奉为神圣；奉献
The bishop consecrated the new church.主教祝圣了新的教堂。
consuln.领事
He worked at the American consul in Tokyo.他在东京的美国领事馆工作。
contaminatev.污染；弄脏
The spill contaminated the river.泄漏污染了河流。
contemptn.蔑视；轻视
She looked at him with contempt.她用轻蔑的眼神看着他。
contendv.竞争；主张
They contended for the championship.他们争夺冠军。
contortv.扭曲；歪曲
Pain contorted her face.疼痛让她的脸扭曲了。
contrivev.设计；设法
He contrived a clever plan.他设计了一个聪明的计划。
convenev.召集；开会
The committee will convene next week.委员会将于下周召开会议。
convergev.汇聚；集中
The roads converge at the city center.道路在市中心汇聚。
convexadj.凸起的；凸面的
A convex lens magnifies objects.凸透镜会放大物体。
convoyn.护航队；车队
A convoy of trucks delivered the supplies.一队卡车运送了物资。
cordialadj.热情的；诚挚的
We received a cordial welcome.我们受到了热情的欢迎。
corkn./v.软木塞；塞住
He pulled the cork from the bottle.他拔出了瓶塞。
corpsen.尸体
The corpse was taken to the morgue.尸体被送到太平间。
correlatev.相关联；使相关
Studies correlate smoking with cancer.研究表明吸烟与癌症相关。
corrodev.腐蚀；侵蚀
Salt water corrodes metal.盐水会腐蚀金属。
cosmicadj.宇宙的
Cosmic rays come from outer space.宇宙射线来自外太空。
couchn.沙发
He lay down on the couch.他在沙发上躺下。
coughv./n.咳嗽
She has a bad cough.她咳嗽得很厉害。
coven.小海湾
A small cove is hidden behind the cliff.悬崖后面藏着一个小的海湾。
covenantn.契约；盟约
They signed a covenant of peace.他们签署了和平契约。
covetv.觊觎；垂涎
He coveted his neighbor's wealth.他觊觎邻居的财富。

🔟 高频名词（八）（45）

cozyadj.舒适的；惬意的
The room felt warm and cozy.房间温暖舒适。
cradlen./v.摇篮；发源地
She rocked the baby in the cradle.她在摇篮里摇着宝宝。
crampn./v.抽筋；限制
He got a cramp in his leg.他的腿抽筋了。
crankn.曲柄；怪人
He turned the crank to start the engine.他转动曲柄启动引擎。
craten.板条箱；筐
The bottles were packed in a wooden crate.瓶子被装在木箱里。
cratern.火山口；弹坑
The meteor left a huge crater.陨石留下了一个巨大的陨石坑。
creedn.信条；教义
Honesty is part of his personal creed.诚实是他个人信条的一部分。
creekn.小溪；小河
They swam in the creek.他们在小溪里游泳。
crescentn./adj.新月；新月形的
A crescent moon appeared in the sky.天空中出现了一弯新月。
crestn.山顶；浪峰
The wave's crest was white with foam.浪尖泛着白色的泡沫。
cribn.婴儿床；抄袭
The baby slept in the crib.宝宝在婴儿床里睡觉。
crimsonadj./n.深红色的；深红
The sky turned crimson at sunset.日落时天空变成深红色。
cripplev./n.使残废；削弱
The accident crippled him.那次事故让他成了残疾人。
crispadj.脆的；清新的
The apple was crisp and juicy.那个苹果又脆又多汁。
croakv./n.呱呱叫；嘶哑地说
The frog croaked in the pond.青蛙在池塘里呱呱叫。
crockeryn.陶器；瓦器
The crockery is stored in the cabinet.陶器存放在橱柜里。
crookn.骗子；弯曲
He is a crook who cheats people.他是个骗子，骗取人们的钱财。
crookedadj.弯曲的；不诚实的
The painting hung crooked on the wall.那幅画歪歪地挂在墙上。
crouchv.蹲伏；弯腰
He crouched behind the bushes.他蹲在灌木丛后面。
crown./v.乌鸦；啼叫
A crow flew overhead.一只乌鸦从头顶飞过。
crumbn.面包屑；碎屑
He brushed the crumbs off the table.他把桌上的面包屑扫掉。
crumplev.弄皱；崩溃
She crumpled the paper in anger.她愤怒地把纸揉成一团。
crunchv./n.嘎吱作响；紧要关头
The snow crunched under our feet.雪在我们脚下嘎吱作响。
crutchn.拐杖；支撑
He walks with a crutch after the injury.他受伤后拄着拐杖走路。
cryptn.地穴；地下室
The ancient crypt lies beneath the church.古老的墓穴在教堂下面。
cubn.幼兽；幼童军
The lioness protected her cub.母狮保护着自己的幼狮。
cuddlev./n.拥抱；搂抱
She cuddled the baby to sleep.她抱着宝宝哄他入睡。
cuen.提示；球杆
She took the cue and started speaking.她看到暗示开始说话。
cuffn.袖口；手铐
He rolled up his shirt cuffs.他卷起了衬衫的袖口。
culminatev.达到顶点；告终
The festival culminates with fireworks.节日以烟火表演达到高潮。
culpritn.罪犯；肇事者
The culprit was finally caught.罪犯最终被抓获。
cultn.邪教；崇拜
The group became a dangerous cult.这个团体变成了危险的邪教。
cumbersomeadj.笨重的；繁琐的
The old computer is cumbersome to use.这台旧电脑用起来很笨重。
curbv./n.抑制；路缘
She tried to curb her appetite.她试图控制食欲。
curdn.凝乳
She made curds from milk.她用牛奶做了凝乳。
curfewn.宵禁；熄灯
A curfew was imposed after the riots.骚乱后实施了宵禁。
curtailv.削减；缩短
The company curtailed its spending.公司削减了开支。
cyclonen.气旋；旋风
The cyclone caused massive damage.气旋造成了巨大的破坏。
cynicn.愤世嫉俗的人
He is a cynic about politics.他对政治持怀疑态度。
daggern.匕首；短剑
She drew a dagger from her belt.她从腰间拔出一把匕首。
daintyadj.精致的；娇小的
She has dainty hands.她有一双纤细的手。
damn./v.水坝；筑坝
The dam holds back the river water.水坝挡住了河水。
danglev.悬垂；摇晃
The key dangled from a string.钥匙用绳子悬着晃来晃去。
dartv./n.飞奔；飞镖
The arrow shot off like a dart.箭像飞镖一样射出。
dashv./n.猛冲；短跑
He made a dash for the door.他冲向门口。

🔗 Part 2 四级高频短语（18 个）

file for bankruptcy申请破产
raise capital筹集资金
interest rate利率
supply and demand供求关系
trade surplus / deficit贸易顺差 / 逆差
take out a mortgage办理抵押贷款
economic recession经济衰退
public expenditure公共开支
in custody被拘留
pass a bill通过法案
diplomatic relations外交关系
code of conduct行为准则
academic performance学业成绩
social mobility社会流动性
standard of living生活水平
sense of security安全感
the gap between rich and poor贫富差距
human resources (HR)人力资源

✏️ Part 3 课后训练（33 题）先独立完成，再核对答案

一、英译汉（8 题）

  1. The company filed for bankruptcy last month.
  2. Inflation has eroded the purchasing power of ordinary families.
  3. They took out a mortgage to buy their first home.
  4. The merger created the largest bank in the country.
  5. The defendant pleaded not guilty in court.
  6. The central bank adopted a tight monetary policy.
  7. Consumer confidence is rising steadily.
  8. The government increased public expenditure on education.

二、汉译英（8 题）

  1. 股东们投票通过了这项提案。
  2. 这个国家的货币正在贬值。
  3. 她是这所大学的社会学教授。
  4. 政府收入主要来自税收。
  5. 这个国家去年出现了贸易顺差。
  6. 合同里有一条保密条款。
  7. 油价的波动影响全球经济。
  8. 这项研究的有效性受到了质疑。

三、选词填空（8 题）

词库：recession · inflation · bankruptcy · revenue · custody · diplomacy · margin · equity
  1. During the , millions of people lost their jobs.
  2. High has pushed up the cost of living.
  3. The firm went into after years of losses.
  4. Tourism is a major source of for the city.
  5. The parents are fighting for of their son.
  6. The two countries settled the dispute through .
  7. The shop makes only a small profit on each sale.
  8. They hold 60% of the company's .

四、短语互译（6 题）

  1. 申请破产 →
  2. take out a mortgage →
  3. 贸易顺差 →
  4. interest rate →
  5. 通过法案 →
  6. sense of security →

五、写作训练（1 题 · 120–180 词）

  1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

六、长文翻译（2 题 · 汉译英）

  1. 过去四十年，中国经济实现了快速增长，数亿人摆脱了贫困。如今，中国已成为世界第二大经济体和重要的贸易大国。随着“一带一路”倡议的推进，中国与沿线国家的经贸合作日益紧密。未来，中国将更加注重发展的质量，推动绿色经济与科技创新。
  2. 法治是现代社会的重要基石。法律不仅保护公民的权利，也规范人们的行为。一个公平透明的司法体系能够增强公众对社会的信任。近年来，越来越多的国家开始重视青少年的法制教育，帮助他们从小树立规则意识和责任感。
📑 查看参考答案

一、英译汉

  1. 这家公司上月申请了破产。
  2. 通货膨胀侵蚀了普通家庭的购买力。
  3. 他们办理了抵押贷款来购买第一套住房。
  4. 这次合并造就了全国最大的银行。
  5. 被告在法庭上拒不认罪。
  6. 中央银行采取了紧缩的货币政策。
  7. 消费者信心正在稳步上升。
  8. 政府增加了教育公共开支。

二、汉译英

  1. The shareholders voted for the proposal.
  2. The currency of this country is depreciating.
  3. She is a professor of sociology at the university.
  4. Government revenue comes mainly from taxes.
  5. The country had a trade surplus last year.
  6. There is a confidentiality clause in the contract.
  7. Fluctuations in oil prices affect the global economy.
  8. The validity of the research was questioned.

三、选词填空

  1. recession
  2. inflation
  3. bankruptcy
  4. revenue
  5. custody
  6. diplomacy
  7. margin
  8. equity

四、短语互译

  1. file for bankruptcy
  2. 办理抵押贷款
  3. trade surplus
  4. 利率
  5. pass a bill
  6. 安全感

五、写作训练（参考范文）

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping

With the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has become part of our daily life. Like everything else, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

On the one hand, online shopping is extremely convenient. We can buy almost anything without leaving home, and prices are often lower than those in physical stores. On the other hand, it has its problems. We cannot see or touch the products before buying, so the quality may not meet our expectations. In addition, too much packaging waste is harmful to the environment.

In my opinion, online shopping brings us more benefits than problems, as long as we shop wisely and protect our personal information.

六、长文翻译（参考译文）

Over the past four decades, China's economy has grown rapidly, lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. Today, China has become the world's second-largest economy and a major trading power. With the advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, China's economic and trade cooperation with countries along the routes has become increasingly close. In the future, China will pay more attention to the quality of development and promote the green economy and technological innovation.

The rule of law is an important cornerstone of modern society. Law not only protects the rights of citizens but also regulates people's behavior. A fair and transparent judicial system can strengthen public trust in society. In recent years, more and more countries have begun to attach importance to legal education for young people, helping them develop a sense of rules and responsibility from an early age.

阶段七：备考锦囊与应试技巧 翻译 · 写作 · 听力 · 阅读

🎯 学习目标：掌握四级考试各题型的应试策略，包括翻译常用句型、写作模板、听力技巧与阅读定位方法，帮助考生在有限时间内最大化得分。

📌 Part 1 翻译高频主题词汇（30 组）

#中文英文#中文英文
1京剧Peking Opera16丝绸之路the Silk Road
2书法calligraphy17四大发明the Four Great Inventions
3中国结Chinese knot18传统节日traditional festival
4剪纸paper cutting19春节the Spring Festival
5长城the Great Wall20中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival
6故宫the Forbidden City21端午节the Dragon Boat Festival
7兵马俑Terracotta Warriors22红包red envelope
8武术martial arts23灯笼lantern
9中医traditional Chinese medicine24饺子dumpling
10针灸acupuncture25火锅hot pot
11京剧脸谱Peking Opera facial makeup26茶文化tea culture
12儒家思想Confucianism27瓷器porcelain
13道家思想Taoism28丝绸silk
14成语idiom29刺绣embroidery
15对联couplet30国画traditional Chinese painting
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

✍️ Part 2 写作万能模板

开头段With the rapid development of..., ... has become increasingly important. / Recently, the issue of... has aroused wide concern.
中间段Firstly, ... Moreover, ... Finally, ... / On the one hand, ... On the other hand, ...
结尾段In conclusion, ... / From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...
表达观点As far as I am concerned, ... / In my opinion, ... / I hold the view that...
举例说明For example, ... / A case in point is that... / Take... as an example.
对比转折However, ... / Nevertheless, ... / In contrast, ... / On the contrary, ...
因果推理Therefore, ... / As a result, ... / Consequently, ... / Due to...
提出建议It is suggested that... / Measures should be taken to... / We should spare no effort to...

🎧 Part 3 听力应试技巧

  1. 预读选项：利用Direction时间快速浏览选项，划出关键词，预测问题类型。
  2. 抓关键词：注意转折词（but, however）、因果词（because, so）、建议句型（Why not...?）。
  3. 边听边记：用符号速记数字、时间、地点，如用"↑"表示increase，"→"表示lead to。
  4. 同义替换：正确选项往往是原文的同义改写，注意paraphrase而非原词复现。
  5. 长对话策略：关注问答处，问题往往就是考点；注意说话人的态度与语气。
  6. 短文听力：首句和末句常为主旨题答案；注意列举、举例、因果逻辑处。

📖 Part 4 阅读应试技巧

  1. 先题后文：先看题干划关键词，再回原文定位，避免逐字阅读。
  2. 定位技巧：利用人名、地名、数字、时间等显性信息快速定位段落。
  3. 同义替换：正确选项通常是原文的同义转述，注意词性转换与句式变换。
  4. 排除干扰：警惕绝对化选项（all, never, completely），它们往往是错误的。
  5. 主旨题策略：关注首段、末段及各段首句，抓住文章中心思想。
  6. 态度题技巧：通过形容词、副词、情态动词判断作者态度（positive, negative, objective）。

⏰ Part 5 考前冲刺计划

阶段时间任务目标
基础巩固第1-2周每日背诵50词+18短语，完成课后训练掌握核心词汇与搭配
专项突破第3-4周每日2篇阅读+1套听力+1篇翻译熟悉题型，提升速度
模拟实战第5-6周每周2套完整真题，严格计时适应考试节奏，查漏补缺
冲刺回顾考前1周复习错题本，背诵作文模板与翻译热词巩固记忆，保持状态

🧭 Part 6 翻译指导技巧（新增）方法 + 步骤 + 避坑

🎯 学习目标：系统掌握汉译英的核心翻译方法与应试步骤，学会处理长句、无主句与文化负载词，避免常见语法错误。

📐 八大核心翻译技巧

技巧说明例句
词性转换汉语多用动词，英语多用名词和介词，翻译时灵活转换词性。他酷爱读书。→ He is a great lover of books.（动词→名词）
增译与减译根据需要增加或减少词语，使译文通顺自然。活到老，学到老。→ One is never too old to learn.（减译，意译）
语序调整汉语定语、状语多前置，英语常后置，注意调整语序。我经常看见他在图书馆学习。→ I often see him studying in the library.
长句拆分汉语长句可拆成多个英语短句，避免结构混乱。中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。→ China is a developing country with a large population and relatively insufficient resources. It faces the dual tasks of developing its economy and protecting its environment.
被动语态汉语多主动，英语善用被动；无主句常用被动翻译。据说这个古镇建于明朝。→ It is said that this ancient town was built in the Ming Dynasty.
定语从句长定语用定语从句后置，短定语可前置。这是我见过的最美丽的城市。→ This is the most beautiful city I have ever seen.
无主句处理没有主语的句子，补出主语或改用被动。必须采取措施保护环境。→ Measures must be taken to protect the environment.
文化负载词中国特色词汇用“音译 + 解释”的方式处理。粽子 → zongzi (a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves)

🪜 考场翻译四步法

  1. 第一步：通读全句，确定主干。先找出句子的主语和谓语，确定英语句子的基本结构（主谓宾/主系表）。
  2. 第二步：选择时态与语态。根据时间标志词确定时态；无主句优先考虑被动语态。
  3. 第三步：处理修饰成分。定语、状语按照英语习惯调整位置，长定语用从句后置。
  4. 第四步：检查语法与拼写。检查主谓一致、单复数、时态、拼写，避免低级错误。

⚠️ 五大常见错误

  1. 时态混乱：全文时态应保持一致，注意上下文的时间线索。
  2. 主谓不一致：第三人称单数、集体名词作主语时尤其注意。
  3. 中式英语：避免逐字直译，如“好好学习”≠ good good study，应为 study hard。
  4. 漏译关键信息：数字、时间、程度副词等细节必须完整译出。
  5. 冠词滥用：a/an/the 的使用要符合英语习惯，不可随意省略或添加。

📝 Part 7 长文翻译专项训练（新增 · 2 篇）先独立完成，再核对译文

第 1 篇 · 茶文化

茶是中国人日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。中国是世界上最早种植和饮用茶的国家，茶文化已有数千年的历史。品茶不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种修身养性的方式。如今，随着中国文化的传播，越来越多的外国人开始喜欢上中国茶，茶文化也成为了中外文化交流的重要桥梁。

📑 查看参考译文

Tea is an indispensable part of Chinese people's daily life. China is the first country in the world to grow and drink tea, and its tea culture has a history of thousands of years. Drinking tea is not only a living habit, but also a way of cultivating one's mind and character. Nowadays, with the spread of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners are beginning to enjoy Chinese tea, and tea culture has become an important bridge for cultural exchanges between China and other countries.

第 2 篇 · 共享经济

近年来，共享经济在中国迅速发展。共享单车、共享充电宝和共享汽车等服务极大地方便了人们的生活。通过手机应用，用户只需支付少量费用，就能随时随地使用这些资源。共享经济不仅提高了资源利用效率，还创造了大量就业机会。当然，这一新模式也带来了管理上的挑战，需要政府和企业共同努力加以规范。

📑 查看参考译文

In recent years, the sharing economy has developed rapidly in China. Services such as shared bikes, shared power banks and shared cars have greatly facilitated people's lives. With mobile apps, users can access these resources anytime and anywhere for a small fee. The sharing economy not only improves the efficiency of resource utilization, but also creates a large number of jobs. Of course, this new model also brings management challenges, which require the joint efforts of the government and enterprises to regulate.

真题模块：四级真题题型演练 写作 · 听力 · 阅读 · 翻译

🎯 学习目标：在真实题型与难度下检验学习成果。本模块题目按历年四级真题的题型、题号、难度与高频话题编写（仿真演练），覆盖写作、听力、阅读、翻译四大板块，供考前冲刺实战使用。

📊 Part 1 四级考试结构速览

题型分值比例建议用时备考重点
写作 Writing15%（106.5 分）30 分钟模板框架 + 亮点句型 + 卷面工整
听力 Listening35%（248.5 分）25 分钟预读选项、抓转折词与同义替换
阅读 Reading35%（248.5 分）40 分钟先题后文、关键词定位、控制节奏
翻译 Translation15%（106.5 分）30 分钟四步法、高频主题词、避免低级语法错误
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

💡 四级总分 710 分，社会默认 425 分为报考六级及求职参考线。做题时请严格计时，完成后再核对答案与解析。

① 严格计时按考试规定时间完成每个题型，训练时间分配能力。
② 独立作答先不看答案与范文，完整写出自己的答案。
③ 错题归因分析错误原因（词汇？定位？审题？），记入错题本。
④ 范文仿写背诵范文亮点表达，隔天仿写一遍对照提升。

✍️ Part 2 写作真题演练（3 题）30 分钟 · 120–180 词

题目一 · 议论文（科技热点话题）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on College Learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

📑 查看范文与亮点表达

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on College Learning

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, college learning has been profoundly transformed. AI tools such as intelligent tutoring systems and language-learning apps are becoming indispensable study companions.

On the one hand, AI greatly improves learning efficiency. It can analyze students' weaknesses and provide personalized exercises, enabling learners to make progress at their own pace. On the other hand, over-reliance on AI may weaken students' ability to think independently. If students simply copy answers generated by AI, they will lose the opportunity to develop critical thinking.

As far as I am concerned, AI should be regarded as a helpful assistant rather than a substitute for our own efforts. Only by using AI wisely can we truly benefit from this powerful technology.

✨ 亮点表达（建议背诵）

  1. be profoundly transformed 被深刻改变（高级被动表达）
  2. personalized exercises / at their own pace 个性化练习 / 按自己的节奏
  3. over-reliance on ... 对……的过度依赖
  4. a substitute for ... ……的替代品
  5. Only by using AI wisely can we ... 倒装句收尾，增强语气

题目二 · 应用文（建议信）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the library of your university, suggesting how to improve its digital services. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

📑 查看范文与亮点表达

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am a sophomore majoring in Computer Science. I am writing to offer some suggestions on improving the digital services of our library.

Firstly, the library website is not user-friendly, and it is difficult to search for e-books on mobile phones. I suggest developing a mobile app so that students can borrow and read e-books anytime and anywhere. Secondly, the number of computers in the electronic reading room is far from enough. It would be better if more computers and high-speed Wi-Fi were provided. Finally, I hope the library can offer online training courses on how to use academic databases.

I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration. I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,
Li Ming

✨ 亮点表达（建议背诵）

  1. I am writing to offer some suggestions on ... 建议信标准开头
  2. user-friendly 用户友好的（复合形容词）
  3. It would be better if ... were ... 虚拟语气，委婉建议
  4. take ... into consideration 考虑……（正式用语）

题目三 · 议论文（校园生活话题）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Online Courses among College Students. You should explain the reasons for this phenomenon and give your own comments. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

📑 查看范文与亮点表达

The Popularity of Online Courses among College Students

Nowadays, online courses have gained great popularity among college students. An increasing number of students choose to study on platforms such as MOOCs in their spare time.

Several factors account for this phenomenon. To begin with, online courses offer great flexibility. Students can learn anytime and anywhere, at their own pace. In addition, online platforms provide access to courses from top universities around the world, which greatly broadens students' horizons. Last but not least, most online courses are free or much cheaper than offline ones, making them affordable for almost everyone.

As far as I am concerned, online courses are a valuable supplement to traditional classroom learning. We should make good use of them to improve ourselves, but meanwhile, we should not neglect face-to-face communication with teachers and classmates.

✨ 亮点表达（建议背诵）

  1. gain great popularity among ... 在……中大受欢迎
  2. Several factors account for this phenomenon. 现象解释型万能句
  3. broaden one's horizons 开阔眼界
  4. a valuable supplement to ... ……的有益补充
  5. make good use of ... 充分利用……

🎧 Part 3 听力真题演练（新闻 · 长对话 · 短文 · 共 8 题）逐句跟读 · 可暂停调速

🎯 训练方法：每篇先点「▶ 播放原文」盲听做题（不要看文字），完成后打开原文精听——播放时当前句子会自动高亮，可逐句跟读。支持暂停 / 继续 / 停止与 0.8×–1.2× 语速调节。

一、短篇新闻（Questions 1–2 · Section A 题型）

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  1. What will the new satellite be used to do?
    A) Monitor weather changes.    B) Provide Internet services to remote areas.
    C) Take photos of the earth.    D) Study outer space.
  2. How long is the satellite expected to operate?
    A) Five years.    B) Ten years.
    C) Fifteen years.    D) Fifty years.
📑 查看听力原文

China has successfully launched a new communications satellite into space. The satellite was sent up from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center early on Tuesday morning. Officials say it will provide high-speed Internet services to remote areas, including mountain villages and islands. The satellite is expected to operate for fifteen years.

This is the country's third communications satellite launched this year. Experts say the new satellite will greatly improve Internet access for millions of people living in rural areas, helping students attend online classes and farmers sell their products through e-commerce.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　新闻首段："it will provide high-speed Internet services to remote areas"，同义复现。新闻听力首句常出考点。
  2. C　数字细节题："The satellite is expected to operate for fifteen years." 注意 fifteen 与 fifty 的重音差异。

二、长对话（Questions 8–10 · Section B 题型）

Questions 8 to 10 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

  1. What is the woman's problem?
    A) She failed her English writing test.    B) She can't understand English news reports.
    C) She has no time to study English.    D) She is worried about her math exam.
  2. What does the man suggest doing at first?
    A) Listening at a slower speed with the text.    B) Listening for an hour every day.
    C) Watching English movies.    D) Reading news reports aloud.
  3. How can the woman tell "thirteen" from "thirty"?
    A) By listening to the context.    B) By paying attention to the stress.
    C) By asking the speaker to repeat.    D) By writing numbers down quickly.
📑 查看听力原文

M: Hi, Lily. You look worried. What's the matter? W: Hi, Tom. I'm worried about my English listening test next week. I can't understand the news reports at all. M: I had the same problem last term. Then my teacher gave me some useful advice. Why don't you try listening to short news every day? Just ten minutes is enough.

W: Ten minutes a day? Will that really help? M: Yes. The key is to listen regularly. At first, you can listen at a slower speed and read the text at the same time. After two weeks, try listening without reading. W: That sounds practical. But I still have trouble with numbers. I always mix up thirteen and thirty.

M: Here's a tip: pay attention to the stress. "Thirteen" has the stress on the second part, while "thirty" has it on the first. W: I see. By the way, do you have any suggestions for the long conversations? M: Well, before the recording starts, read the choices quickly and underline the key words. Then you can guess what the questions will be. W: Great ideas! Thank you so much, Tom. I'll start tonight. M: Good luck!

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　女士首轮发言即点明问题："I can't understand the news reports at all." 长对话开头常设考点。
  2. A　男士建议："At first, you can listen at a slower speed and read the text at the same time." 注意题干问的是"最初"的做法。
  3. B　男士明确提示："pay attention to the stress"，随后举例说明重音位置差异。

三、短文听力（Questions 16–18 · Section C 题型）

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  1. What can smart watches do according to the passage?
    A) Tell the time only.    B) Monitor the quality of sleep.
    C) Cure heart disease.    D) Replace doctors completely.
  2. What problem do experts mention about wearable devices?
    A) They are too expensive to afford.    B) They are difficult to operate.
    C) Their accuracy is not always reliable.    D) They cannot connect to mobile phones.
  3. How many wearable devices were sold worldwide last year?
    A) 20 million.    B) 120 million.
    C) 200 million.    D) 2 billion.
📑 查看听力原文

Smart watches and other wearable devices have become increasingly popular in recent years. These small gadgets can do much more than simply tell the time. They can track your heart rate, count your steps, and even monitor the quality of your sleep.

Doctors say wearable devices are changing the way people manage their health. For example, a smart watch can remind users to stand up and move around after sitting for a long time. Some devices can even detect an irregular heartbeat and warn the user to see a doctor.

However, experts also point out some problems. Many people check their devices so often that they become anxious about their health data. In addition, the accuracy of these devices is not always reliable. A smart watch may miscount your steps if you move your arms frequently.

Despite these concerns, the market for wearable devices continues to grow rapidly. It is reported that over 200 million wearable devices were sold worldwide last year.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　原文第一段明确提到 "monitor the quality of your sleep"。A 项与 "much more than simply tell the time" 矛盾；C、D 均为过度推断。
  2. C　原文第三段："the accuracy of these devices is not always reliable"，与 C 项同义复现。注意"制造焦虑"是另一个问题，但选项中只有 C 与原文对应。
  3. C　数字细节题，原文末句："over 200 million wearable devices were sold worldwide last year"。听音时应对数字高度敏感。

📖 Part 4 阅读真题演练（25 题）选词填空 + 段落匹配 + 仔细阅读 ×2

💡 题号沿用四级真题卷面编号（仿真精简版）：段落匹配真题为 10 题（Questions 36–45），本模块精选 5 题，故编号由 40 直接衔接仔细阅读的 46–55。

一、选词填空（Questions 26–35 · 10 题）

从 A–O 中选出恰当的单词填入空白处，每个单词最多使用一次。

A) creativity　B) automatically　C) solve　D) dramatically　E) essential　F) challenges　G) increasingly　H) pay　I) promising　J) completed　K) creative　L) focus　M) replaced　N) remarkable　O) limited

Engineers play a vital role in modern society. They design bridges, develop software, and 26 complex technical problems. To become a qualified engineer, one needs not only solid professional knowledge but also 27 thinking.

In the past, engineering was considered a male-dominated field. However, the situation has changed 28 . More and more women are entering engineering schools and achieving great success in their careers.

Modern engineers face new challenges. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, some routine engineering tasks can now be 29 by machines. Nevertheless, machines cannot replace human 30 . Designing a completely new product still requires imagination and judgment that only humans possess.

Therefore, engineering students should 31 more attention to developing innovative abilities. They are also encouraged to work in teams, because communication skills are equally 32 . In addition, lifelong learning is necessary, as technology is updated at a 33 speed.

In conclusion, engineering is a career full of 34 and rewards. Those who are willing to keep learning will find 35 opportunities in this field.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. C) solve　与 design、develop 并列，用动词原形；solve problems 为固定搭配。
  2. K) creative　修饰 thinking 用形容词；creative thinking"创造性思维"。
  3. D) dramatically　修饰动词 changed 用副词；"发生了巨大变化"。
  4. J) completed　被动语态 be + 过去分词；任务被机器"完成"。下句的 replace 是干扰提示，但此处指"常规任务"，用 completed 更准确。
  5. A) creativity　human 后接名词；由下句 imagination and judgment 可推知是"创造力"。
  6. H) pay　pay attention to 固定搭配；L) focus 后须接 on，故不选。
  7. E) essential　系动词 are 后接形容词表语；"同样重要"。
  8. N) remarkable　at a remarkable speed"以惊人的速度"，固定表达。
  9. F) challenges　full of 后接名词，与 rewards 形成"挑战与回报"的对照。
  10. I) promising　修饰 opportunities 用形容词；"有前景的机会"。

💡 技巧：先标注词库中每个词的词性，再根据空格前后的语法线索缩小范围，最后通读检查。

二、段落信息匹配（Questions 36–40 · 5 题）

每句话是对某一段落信息的概括或改写，请选出对应的段落字母，每个段落最多选一次。

The Rise of Online Education

A) Online education has experienced explosive growth in the past decade. Platforms such as MOOCs now offer millions of courses, covering everything from computer programming to classical literature. Learners can study courses from top universities without leaving home.

B) The greatest advantage of online learning is flexibility. Students can watch recorded lectures at any time and pause whenever they need to. This is especially helpful for working people who cannot attend classes during the day.

C) However, online education also has obvious limitations. Without face-to-face interaction, students may feel isolated and lose motivation. Studies show that completion rates of online courses are often below ten percent.

D) To solve this problem, many platforms have introduced interactive features. Discussion forums, online study groups and live Q&A sessions help learners stay connected with teachers and classmates.

E) Another trend is the combination of online and offline learning, known as blended learning. Students watch lectures online before class, and classroom time is used for discussion and practice. Many universities report better learning outcomes with this model.

F) Looking ahead, technologies like virtual reality and artificial intelligence will make online education even more engaging. AI tutors can already give students instant feedback on their homework, and virtual laboratories allow science students to conduct experiments online.

  1. Recorded lectures allow working people to study whenever they are free.
  2. AI tutors are able to provide students with instant feedback on their homework.
  3. On average, less than one tenth of online learners finish their courses.
  4. In blended learning, classroom time is mainly devoted to discussion and practice.
  5. Interactive features are designed to keep learners connected with each other.
📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　"watch recorded lectures at any time" 与 "working people" 为原词复现。
  2. F　"AI tutors can already give students instant feedback on their homework"，几乎原句对应。
  3. C　"completion rates of online courses are often below ten percent" → "less than one tenth"，数字同义改写。
  4. E　"blended learning ... classroom time is used for discussion and practice"，is used for → is devoted to 同义替换。
  5. D　"interactive features ... help learners stay connected with teachers and classmates"。

💡 技巧：先读句子划出数字、专有名词等显性线索，再扫读各段首末句定位，警惕"段落提到但表述偷换概念"的干扰。

三、仔细阅读（一）（Questions 46–50 · 5 题）

Electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly changing the global automobile industry. Unlike traditional cars that burn gasoline, EVs are powered by electricity stored in rechargeable batteries. As concerns about climate change grow, more and more consumers are choosing EVs as a cleaner means of transportation.

The advantages of EVs are obvious. Firstly, they produce no tailpipe emissions, which helps reduce air pollution in cities. Secondly, electricity is generally cheaper than gasoline, so driving an EV costs less per kilometer. Thirdly, EVs have fewer moving parts than traditional cars, which means lower maintenance costs and fewer mechanical failures.

However, the widespread adoption of EVs still faces several barriers. The most serious one is range anxiety — the fear that the battery will run out before reaching a charging station. Although battery technology has improved greatly, most EVs still cannot travel as far as gasoline cars on a single charge. In addition, charging an EV takes much longer than filling a tank with gasoline. A fast charger needs at least thirty minutes, while a slow home charger may take several hours.

Another challenge is the insufficient charging infrastructure. In many rural areas, charging stations are rare, making long-distance travel inconvenient. Governments around the world are investing billions of dollars to build more charging networks. China, for example, has built the world's largest charging network, with millions of public charging piles.

Despite these challenges, the future of EVs looks bright. Battery costs have fallen by more than 80% over the past decade, making EVs increasingly affordable. Many countries have announced plans to ban the sale of new gasoline cars within the next twenty years. Analysts predict that EVs will account for half of all new car sales by 2035.

  1. What is the main reason consumers choose EVs?
    A) They are fashionable.    B) Concerns about climate change.
    C) Government requirements.    D) Their lower purchase price than gasoline cars.
  2. What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of EVs?
    A) No tailpipe emissions.    B) Lower fuel cost.
    C) Lower maintenance costs.    D) Faster driving speed.
  3. What does "range anxiety" refer to?
    A) Fear of driving long distances at night.    B) Fear that the battery will run out before reaching a charging station.
    C) Anxiety about the high price of EVs.    D) Fear of mechanical failures during a trip.
  4. What do we learn about charging infrastructure from the passage?
    A) It is well developed in rural areas.    B) China has built the world's largest charging network.
    C) Governments refuse to invest in it.    D) Fast chargers take several hours to charge an EV.
  5. What is the author's attitude toward the future of EVs?
    A) Doubtful.    B) Negative.
    C) Optimistic.    D) Indifferent.
📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　首段末句 "As concerns about climate change grow, more and more consumers are choosing EVs"，因果对应。D 项混淆了"使用成本低"与"购买价格低"。
  2. D　第二段列举了零排放、电费低、维护成本低三大优点，全文未提及行驶速度更快。
  3. B　第三段破折号后即定义："the fear that the battery will run out before reaching a charging station"，原词复现。
  4. B　第四段："China ... has built the world's largest charging network"。A 与原文 "in rural areas, charging stations are rare" 相反；C 与 "investing billions of dollars" 相反；D 混淆了快充与慢充的时间。
  5. C　末段 "the future of EVs looks bright" 表明作者乐观态度，并以电池成本下降、禁售燃油车计划为支撑。

四、仔细阅读（二）（Questions 51–55 · 5 题）

Automation is transforming factories around the world. In modern workshops, robotic arms work around the clock, welding car parts, assembling smartphones and packaging products with remarkable precision. A single robot can often do the work of several human workers, and it never gets tired.

Supporters of automation point to its many benefits. Robots can handle dangerous tasks, such as working with toxic chemicals or in extreme temperatures, keeping human workers safe. They also improve product quality because, unlike humans, machines do not make mistakes caused by fatigue. Moreover, automation can help companies reduce costs and remain competitive in the global market.

Critics, however, worry about the impact on employment. When a factory introduces robots, some workers inevitably lose their jobs. A recent report estimates that up to 20 percent of manufacturing jobs worldwide could be automated by 2030. Workers with few skills are especially vulnerable, as the tasks they perform are usually the easiest to automate.

Yet history suggests that technological change also creates new jobs. When ATMs first appeared, many people predicted that bank tellers would disappear. Instead, the role of bank tellers changed: they now spend less time counting cash and more time advising customers. Similarly, while robots take over repetitive tasks, new positions are created for people who design, maintain and program these machines.

Most economists therefore argue that the key to dealing with automation is education and retraining. Governments and companies should invest in programs that help workers learn new skills. Workers themselves also need to embrace lifelong learning. In a rapidly changing economy, the ability to adapt may be the most valuable skill of all.

  1. What is one benefit of automation mentioned in Paragraph 2?
    A) Robots create brand-new products.    B) Robots keep human workers away from dangerous tasks.
    C) Robots work more slowly but precisely.    D) Robots reduce the price of raw materials.
  2. What do critics of automation worry about?
    A) Product quality will decline.    B) Some workers will lose their jobs.
    C) Companies will lose competitiveness.    D) Robots will become uncontrollable.
  3. According to the report, who are most vulnerable to automation?
    A) Bank tellers.    B) Factory managers.
    C) Workers with few skills.    D) Robot designers.
  4. Why does the author mention ATMs in Paragraph 4?
    A) To show technology creates new jobs while changing old ones.
    B) To prove that bank tellers have disappeared.
    C) To criticize banks for overusing machines.
    D) To explain how ATMs work.
  5. What is the key to dealing with automation according to most economists?
    A) Banning robots in factories.    B) Reducing working hours.
    C) Education and retraining.    D) Raising workers' salaries.
📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　第二段："Robots can handle dangerous tasks ... keeping human workers safe"，与 B 项同义转述。
  2. C　第三段首句："Critics, however, worry about the impact on employment ... some workers inevitably lose their jobs."
  3. C　第三段末句："Workers with few skills are especially vulnerable"，原词复现。
  4. A　第四段为举例论证：ATM 出现后银行柜员并未消失，而是角色转变——说明技术既淘汰旧岗位也创造新岗位。
  5. C　末段首句："the key to dealing with automation is education and retraining"，原词复现。

🌏 Part 5 翻译真题演练（汉译英 · 4 篇）真题高频话题

第 1 篇 · 中国高铁

中国高铁是世界上规模最大的高速铁路网络。自2008年第一条高铁线路开通以来，中国高铁发展迅速，总里程已超过四万公里。高铁不仅大大缩短了城市之间的旅行时间，还促进了沿线地区的经济发展。如今，乘坐高铁出行已经成为许多中国人的首选，中国高铁也成为了一张亮丽的"国家名片"。

📑 查看参考译文与采分点

China's high-speed railway is the largest high-speed rail network in the world. Since the first high-speed rail line opened in 2008, China's high-speed railway has developed rapidly, with a total length of more than 40,000 kilometers. High-speed rail has not only greatly shortened travel time between cities, but also promoted economic development in the regions along the routes. Nowadays, traveling by high-speed rail has become the first choice for many Chinese people, and China's high-speed railway has become a brilliant "national name card".

🎯 采分点解析

  1. "自……以来" → since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。
  2. "总里程已超过四万公里" → 用 with 复合结构处理，避免另起一句造成松散。
  3. "不仅……还……" → not only ... but also ...，注意前后结构平行。
  4. "国家名片" → 文化负载词，直译加引号 "national name card" 即可得分。

第 2 篇 · 移动支付

如今，移动支付已经成为中国人日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。无论是购物、就餐还是乘坐公共交通，人们只需用手机扫描二维码，就能轻松完成支付。移动支付不仅方便快捷，还减少了现金的使用，降低了交易成本。随着技术的不断进步，移动支付正在改变着人们的消费习惯，也为全球数字经济的发展提供了中国经验。

📑 查看参考译文与采分点

Nowadays, mobile payment has become an indispensable part of Chinese people's daily life. Whether shopping, dining or taking public transport, people can easily complete payment simply by scanning a QR code with their mobile phones. Mobile payment is not only convenient and fast, but also reduces the use of cash and lowers transaction costs. With the continuous progress of technology, mobile payment is changing people's consumption habits and providing Chinese experience for the development of the global digital economy.

🎯 采分点解析

  1. "不可或缺的一部分" → an indispensable part of（四级高频表达）。
  2. "无论……还是……" → whether ... or ...，后面可直接接动名词。
  3. "通过做某事" → by doing sth.；"扫描二维码" 译为 scan a QR code。
  4. "随着……" → With + 名词短语置于句首，比 As 从句更简洁。

第 3 篇 · 春节

春节是中国最重要的传统节日，也是家人团聚的时刻。无论离家多远，人们都会想尽办法在除夕前赶回家中。年夜饭是春节的"重头戏"，全家人围坐在一起，享用丰盛的晚餐。春节期间，长辈会给孩子们发红包，祝福他们平安健康。如今，越来越多的人选择用手机发送电子红包，传统习俗正以新的方式延续。

📑 查看参考译文与采分点

The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China and a time for family reunion. No matter how far away from home they are, people will try every means to return home before New Year's Eve. The reunion dinner is the highlight of the Spring Festival, when the whole family sits together and enjoys a big feast. During the festival, elders give red envelopes to children, wishing them peace and good health. Nowadays, more and more people choose to send digital red envelopes via mobile phones, and traditional customs are being carried on in new ways.

🎯 采分点解析

  1. "无论离家多远" → No matter how far away from home they are，让步状语从句。
  2. "想尽办法" → try every means to do sth.
  3. "重头戏" → 意译为 highlight，不要逐字直译。
  4. "以新的方式延续" → 现在进行时的被动 are being carried on，体现时态意识。

第 4 篇 · 中国航天

近年来，中国航天事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。嫦娥探月工程成功实现了月球背面软着陆，天问一号探测器顺利抵达火星。此外，中国还建成了自己的空间站，多名航天员长期在轨工作和生活。这些成就不仅展示了中国科技的实力，也激发了年轻人对科学探索的热情。未来，中国将继续开展深空探测，为人类和平利用太空作出更大贡献。

📑 查看参考译文与采分点

In recent years, China's space industry has made remarkable achievements. The Chang'e lunar exploration program has successfully achieved a soft landing on the far side of the moon, and the Tianwen-1 probe has smoothly reached Mars. In addition, China has built its own space station, where several astronauts live and work in orbit for long periods. These achievements not only demonstrate the strength of China's science and technology, but also inspire young people's passion for scientific exploration. In the future, China will continue to carry out deep-space exploration and make greater contributions to the peaceful use of space by mankind.

🎯 采分点解析

  1. "举世瞩目的成就" → remarkable achievements（注意与"近年来"呼应，用现在完成时）。
  2. "月球背面" → the far side of the moon（固定表达）。
  3. "在轨" → in orbit；"航天员" → astronaut / taikonaut 均可。
  4. "为……作出更大贡献" → make greater contributions to ...，注意 to 为介词。

听力专题强化训练 场景词 · 新闻 · 对话 · 短文 · 听写

🎯 学习目标：听力占四级总分 35%（248.5 分），是性价比最高的提分板块。本模块按"场景词 → 分题型强化 → 听写精练 → 方法总结"的路径设计，所有音频均支持逐句高亮跟读、暂停续播与 0.8×–1.2× 调速。建议每天 20–30 分钟，坚持两周见效。
① 盲听做题不看原文听一遍，凭听力完成题目，模拟真实考场。
② 精听跟读打开原文，逐句播放并对照高亮句子跟读 2–3 遍。
③ 脱稿复述合上原文再听一遍，尝试用英文复述大意。
④ 错题复听错题对应的句子反复听，直到听清每个单词。

📚 Part 1 听力高频场景词（60 词）点击单词可发音

🎯 四级听力的话题高度集中在以下四类场景。先扫清单词障碍，听音时才能"秒反应"。
🏫 校园学习场景
semestern.学期
The fall semester begins in early September.秋季学期在九月初开始。
deadlinen.截止日期
Meet the deadline for the project.按时完成项目的截止日期。
extensionn.延期；延长
He asked for a one-week extension on his assignment.他申请把作业截止日期延长一周。
registrationn.注册；登记
Online course registration opens at eight tomorrow.网上选课注册明早八点开放。
scholarshipn.奖学金
She won a full scholarship to study abroad.她获得了出国留学的全额奖学金。
tuitionn.学费
Tuition fees are due at the beginning of each semester.学费在每学期初缴纳。
lecturen.讲座；授课
The professor gave a fascinating lecture on ancient history.教授做了一场关于古代历史的精彩讲座。
seminarn.研讨会
The research seminar meets every Wednesday afternoon.研讨会每周三下午举行。
assignmentn.作业；任务
The assignment operator is "=" in most languages.在大多数语言中，赋值运算符是 "="。
presentationn.课堂展示
Each student must give a five-minute presentation.每个学生必须做五分钟的课堂展示。
revisionn.复习；修订
I plan to do some revision before the exam.我打算考试前复习一下。
transcriptn.成绩单
You need to submit your official transcript.你需要提交正式的成绩单。
majorn.专业 v.主修
plagiarismn.抄袭；剽窃
Plagiarism can result in serious penalties.抄袭会造成严重的后果。
freshmann.大一新生
Most freshmen live in dorms during their first year.大多数新生第一年都住在宿舍里。
💼 求职职场场景
resumen.简历；💻 计算机：恢复运行
vacancyn.职位空缺
There is a vacancy for a sales manager.销售经理有一个职位空缺。
interviewn./v.面试；采访
The interview lasted over an hour.采访持续了一个多小时。
qualificationn.资格；资历
A teaching qualification is required for this position.这个岗位要求具备教师资格。
salaryn.薪水
The salary is paid at the end of each month.工资在每月月底发放。
promotionn.晋升；促销
She got a promotion last month.她上个月升职了。
colleaguen.同事
She has lunch with her colleagues every day.她每天和同事一起吃午饭。
overtimen./adv.加班
He worked overtime to finish the project.他加班完成了项目。
positionn.职位；位置
The position requires three years of experience.这个职位要求三年工作经验。
applicantn.申请人
The company received over a hundred applicants for the position.公司收到了上百份该职位的申请。
employern.雇主
The employer provides health insurance for all staff.雇主为所有员工提供医疗保险。
benefitn.福利；好处
Regular exercise has many benefits.定期锻炼有许多好处。
contractn.合同
Please read the contract carefully before signing.签字前请仔细阅读合同。
resignv.辞职
He resigned from the company last week.他上周从公司辞职了。
recruitv.招聘；招募
The company is recruiting new staff.公司正在招聘新员工。
📰 新闻财经场景
launchv./n.发射；发布
The company will launch a new product next month.公司将于下月推出新产品。
releasev./n.发布；释放
The release will go out next week.发布将在下周进行。
announcev.宣布
The company announced its new CEO.公司宣布了新任 CEO。
economyn.经济
The economy is growing at a steady pace.经济在稳步增长。
growthn.增长
The company saw significant growth last year.公司去年实现了显著增长。
declinen./v.下降；衰退
He declined the job offer politely.他礼貌地拒绝了这份工作邀请。
investmentn.投资
Real estate can be a smart long-term investment.房地产可以是一种明智的长期投资。
budgetn.预算
We need to balance our monthly budget carefully.我们需要仔细平衡每月预算。
policyn.政策
The new policy will take effect in January.新政策将于一月生效。
surveyn.调查
Please complete this online survey.请填写这份在线调查。
officialn.官员 adj.官方的
figuren.数字；人物；💻 论文/图表：图形；图表
percentn.百分之……
About 30 percent of students passed the exam.大约 30% 的学生通过了考试。
billionnum.十亿
The file is stored on the server.文件存储在服务器上。
profitn.利润
The company reported record profits this quarter.公司本季度报告了创纪录的利润。
📱 科技生活场景
innovationn.创新
Technological innovation drives economic growth.技术创新推动经济增长。
devicen.设备
A smartwatch is a wearable device that also runs small apps.智能手表是可穿戴设备，能运行一些轻量应用。
wirelessadj.无线的
A wireless headset frees you from tangled cables at your desk.无线耳机让你摆脱桌面上缠绕的线缆。
signaln.信号
A weak Wi-Fi signal slows down every online task.Wi-Fi 信号太弱时，所有联网任务都会变慢。
downloadv./n.下载
You can download the app for free.你可以免费下载这个应用。
updatev./n.更新
Use UPDATE to modify records.用 UPDATE 修改记录。
privacyn.隐私
Privacy is a fundamental right.隐私是一项基本权利。
digitaladj.数字的
A digital thermometer shows the exact temperature to one decimal place.数字温度计可显示精确到小数点后一位的温度。
applicationn.应用；申请；💻 计算机：应用程序（App）
functionn.功能；💻 编程：函数
networkn.网络
The network covers the entire country.该网络覆盖全国。
artificialadj.人工的；🤖 用于 AI（artificial intelligence）
screenn.屏幕
Clean the screen with a microfiber cloth to avoid scratches.用超细纤维布擦拭屏幕，避免产生划痕。
chargev.充电；收费 n.费用
artificial intelligencen.人工智能
Artificial intelligence is transforming industries.人工智能正在改变各行各业。
未找到匹配的词汇，请更换关键词。

📰 Part 2 新闻听力强化（5 篇 · 10 题）Section A 题型 · 首句即考点

News Report 1 · 自动驾驶公交

  1. How can passengers book a ride on the self-driving buses?
    A) By calling the bus company.    B) Through a mobile app.
    C) By waving at the bus.    D) Through a website only.
  2. Why are safety drivers still on board the buses?
    A) To collect tickets.    B) To clean the buses.
    C) To take control in an emergency.    D) To guide tourists.
📑 查看听力原文

A city in southern China has put one hundred self-driving buses into public service. The buses, which run on electricity, can carry twenty passengers each and travel at speeds of up to forty kilometers per hour. Passengers can book a ride through a mobile app, and the buses will stop at the nearest station automatically.

Safety drivers are still on board to take control in case of emergency. The local government says the project aims to make public transport smarter and greener. If the one-year trial proves successful, the city plans to introduce three hundred more self-driving buses.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　原文："Passengers can book a ride through a mobile app"，原词复现。
  2. C　原文："Safety drivers are still on board to take control in case of emergency." in case of emergency 与 in an emergency 同义替换。

News Report 2 · 新型快充电池

  1. What is special about the new battery?
    A) It is much cheaper to produce.    B) It can be fully charged in ten minutes.
    C) It never needs to be charged.    D) It is made of recycled materials.
  2. Where will the new battery be used first?
    A) In smartphones.    B) In laptops.
    C) In electric cars.    D) In satellites.
📑 查看听力原文

A team of Chinese scientists has developed a new type of battery that can be fully charged in just ten minutes. The new battery uses a special material that allows electricity to flow much faster than in traditional batteries. Researchers say it can be charged and used more than ten thousand times without losing much of its capacity.

The battery is expected to be used first in electric cars and later in smartphones and laptops. Mass production is planned to begin within three years. Experts believe the new technology could greatly reduce the waiting time for charging and speed up the adoption of electric vehicles.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　新闻首句即点明核心信息："can be fully charged in just ten minutes"。新闻听力务必抓住第一句。
  2. C　原文："used first in electric cars and later in smartphones and laptops"，注意题干问的是"首先"，A、B 是"之后"的用途。

News Report 3 · 校园无人机配送

  1. How do students collect their packages?
    A) By showing their student cards.    B) With a code at the nearest drone station.
    C) By signing their names.    D) From a delivery robot.
  2. What is the maximum weight a drone can carry?
    A) Five kilograms.    B) Fifteen kilograms.
    C) Fifty kilograms.    D) Sixty kilograms.
📑 查看听力原文

Students at a university in eastern China can now receive their online shopping orders delivered by drones. The university has partnered with a technology company to build five drone stations on campus. After placing an order, students receive a code on their phones and can collect their packages from the nearest station within thirty minutes.

Each drone can carry up to five kilograms and fly at a speed of sixty kilometers per hour. The service is free for the first month. University officials say the drones will reduce delivery traffic on campus and save students time.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　原文："students receive a code on their phones and can collect their packages from the nearest station"，两处信息合并对应 B 项。
  2. A　数字题："Each drone can carry up to five kilograms"。注意 60 km/h 是速度而非重量，D 为干扰项。

News Report 4 · 大学生机器人竞赛

  1. Which team won the first prize in the competition?
    A) The team from Peking University.    B) The team from Tsinghua University.
    C) The team from a foreign university.    D) The team from a technology company.
  2. What is the purpose of the competition according to the organizers?
    A) To sell more robots.    B) To raise money for universities.
    C) To encourage innovation and teamwork.    D) To select robots for factories.
📑 查看听力原文

More than two hundred students from twenty universities took part in a robot competition held in Beijing last weekend. The teams were required to design robots that could pick up small objects, cross a bridge and put balls into a basket.

After two days of competition, the team from Tsinghua University won the first prize with a robot that finished all tasks in just ninety seconds. The organizers say the competition aims to encourage innovation and teamwork among college students. Many companies attended the event, hoping to find young engineering talents.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　原文："the team from Tsinghua University won the first prize"，专有名词定位题，听音时对校名保持敏感。
  2. C　原文："aims to encourage innovation and teamwork"，aims to → purpose 同义替换。D 项"为公司选人"是企业的行为，并非主办方目的。

News Report 5 · 沙漠光伏电站

  1. What is special about the solar power station?
    A) It is the largest in the world.    B) Grass is grown under the solar panels.
    C) It only works at night.    D) It was built by foreign companies.
  2. How do local farmers benefit from the project?
    A) They get free electricity.    B) They receive free solar panels.
    C) They raise sheep under the panels for extra income.    D) They work as engineers at the station.
📑 查看听力原文

A large solar power station has started operating in the desert of northwestern China. The station covers an area of ten thousand mu and can produce enough electricity for two hundred thousand homes every year.

What makes the station special is that grass is grown under the solar panels. The panels provide shade and reduce water loss, so the desert land is slowly turning green. Local farmers also raise sheep under the panels, which gives them an extra source of income. Officials say the project not only produces clean energy but also helps fight desertification.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　原文："What makes the station special is that grass is grown under the solar panels." What makes ... special 即题干 special 的信号句。
  2. C　原文："Local farmers also raise sheep under the panels, which gives them an extra source of income." an extra source of income → extra income 同义改写。

💬 Part 3 长对话强化（4 篇 · 12 题）Section B 题型 · 问答处出考点

Conversation · 兼职面试

  1. What position is the man applying for?
    A) A full-time programmer.    B) A part-time computer lab assistant.
    C) A computer science teacher.    D) A software salesman.
  2. When is the man free for work?
    A) Only on weekends.    B) In the mornings.
    C) After four o'clock on weekdays.    D) During summer vacation.
  3. What does the man usually do first when a laptop has viruses?
    A) Reinstall the system.    B) Back up the data.
    C) Remove the infected files.    D) Run a full scan.
📑 查看听力原文

M: Good morning, Ms. Green. I'm David. I'm here for the interview for the part-time computer lab assistant position. W: Good morning, David. Please have a seat. Could you tell me a little about yourself? M: Of course. I'm a third-year student majoring in Computer Science. I have experience in maintaining computers and helping classmates solve software problems.

W: That sounds relevant. The job requires ten hours a week, mostly in the evenings. Would that fit your schedule? M: Yes, I have no classes after four o'clock on weekdays, so evenings work well for me. W: Good. Sometimes students bring laptops with viruses. Do you know how to deal with that?

M: Yes. I usually run a full scan first and then remove the infected files. If the problem is serious, I help them back up their data and reinstall the system. W: Impressive. One last question: why do you want this job? M: Well, besides earning some money, I hope to gain practical experience. I believe solving real problems is the best way to learn. W: I agree. We'll let you know the result by Friday.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　男士开场即说明来意："the interview for the part-time computer lab assistant position"。
  2. C　男士回答："I have no classes after four o'clock on weekdays, so evenings work well for me."
  3. D　注意题干问"第一步"："I usually run a full scan first and then remove the infected files." 顺序词 first 是关键。

Conversation 2 · 选课讨论

  1. What course has the woman signed up for?
    A) Photography.    B) Public speaking.
    C) Introduction to Artificial Intelligence.    D) English writing.
  2. What is the woman's major?
    A) Computer Science.    B) English.
    C) Artificial Intelligence.    D) Engineering.
  3. Why can't the man take the Tuesday-evening class?
    A) He has another class then.    B) He has a part-time job on Tuesdays.
    C) He has to visit his family.    D) He doesn't like evening classes.
📑 查看听力原文

W: Hi, Mike. Have you decided which optional course to take this semester? M: Not yet. I'm thinking about either photography or public speaking. What about you, Anna? W: I've already signed up for a course called Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. M: Really? That sounds difficult. You know, you're majoring in English.

W: That's true, but the course is designed for beginners. And AI is used in almost every field now. I think it will be useful for my future career. M: Good point. When does the class meet? W: Every Tuesday evening, from seven to nine, in the Science Building. There are still a few seats left. Why don't you join me?

M: Hmm, Tuesday evening... I have a part-time job on Tuesdays. What a pity! W: Well, the same course is offered on Thursday evening too. You could choose that one instead. M: Great! Then I'll register online tonight.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. C　女士明确说："I've already signed up for a course called Introduction to Artificial Intelligence." A、B 是男士考虑中的选项，属干扰项。
  2. B　男士反问："you're majoring in English"，女士未否认，可推知其专业是英语。
  3. B　男士说："I have a part-time job on Tuesdays." 注意女士随后给出替代方案（周四晚），不要把结局误当原因。

Conversation 3 · 宿舍报修

  1. What is wrong with the air conditioner?
    A) It makes a loud noise.    B) It wouldn't turn on this morning.
    C) It blows hot air only.    D) It stops working every night.
  2. What else is broken in the room?
    A) The door lock.    B) The bathroom window.
    C) The desk lamp.    D) The water heater.
  3. When will the worker come to repair the room?
    A) At nine tomorrow morning.    B) At ten tomorrow morning.
    C) After half past ten tomorrow morning.    D) This afternoon.
📑 查看听力原文

M: Hello, is this the dormitory service center? I'd like to report a problem. W: Yes, go ahead. Which building and room are you in? M: Building Five, Room 312. The air conditioner in our room has stopped working. It was fine yesterday, but this morning it just wouldn't turn on.

W: Let me check. Building Five, Room 312. OK. Has anything else gone wrong? M: Well, the window in the bathroom is broken too. It can't be closed properly, and the wind comes in at night.

W: I see. We'll send a worker to your room tomorrow morning. Will anyone be there between nine and eleven? M: Tomorrow morning... We have classes until ten. Could the worker come after half past ten? W: No problem. I'll make a note of that. Please keep your phone on, and the worker will call you when he arrives. M: Thank you very much. W: You're welcome.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　男士报修时说："this morning it just wouldn't turn on"。注意 "was fine yesterday" 是干扰信息。
  2. B　女士追问 "Has anything else gone wrong?"，男士回答 "the window in the bathroom is broken too"。追加提问处常设考点。
  3. C　协商题：原定 9–11 点 → 男士有课到 10 点 → 最终约定 "after half past ten"。注意听到最后的时间才是答案。

Conversation 4 · 图书馆借书

  1. What is the woman looking for?
    A) Books on computer science.    B) Books on environmental protection.
    C) A quiet place to study.    D) Her student card.
  2. What will the man do for the woman?
    A) Buy the books for her.    B) Lend her his own copies.
    C) Reserve the books for her.    D) Renew the books for her.
  3. How can the woman access electronic journals from home?
    A) By calling the front desk.    B) By using a special computer on campus.
    C) By asking her teacher for permission.    D) By logging in with her student number and password.
📑 查看听力原文

W: Excuse me, I'm looking for some books on environmental protection for my term paper. Could you help me? M: Of course. All the books on that topic are on the third floor, in the science section. W: I've already checked there, but the two books I need are both on loan.

M: Let me see. You're right, they're due back next Monday. Would you like me to reserve them for you? You'll get a message as soon as they're returned. W: Yes, please. That would be great. Oh, and one more thing — can I access the electronic journals from home? I don't live on campus.

M: Yes. Just log in with your student number and password on the library website. If you forget your password, come to the front desk with your student card. W: I see. Thank you so much for your help. M: You're welcome. Good luck with your paper.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　女士开场即说明需求："looking for some books on environmental protection for my term paper"。
  2. C　男士提议："Would you like me to reserve them for you?"，女士接受。reserve"预约"是图书馆场景高频词。
  3. D　原文："Just log in with your student number and password on the library website." 方式细节题，注意 Just 引出的就是做法。

📻 Part 4 短文听力强化（4 篇 · 12 题）Section C 题型 · 关注首尾句

Passage · 数字排毒

  1. What do doctors warn about according to the passage?
    A) Phones are too expensive.    B) Looking at phones too long harms both body and mind.
    C) Social media is boring.    D) People sleep too much.
  2. What does a "digital detox" mean?
    A) Buying a cheaper phone.    B) Deleting all social media accounts.
    C) Staying away from electronic devices for a period of time.    D) Cleaning the phone screen.
  3. What is the goal of a digital detox?
    A) To give up technology completely.    B) To use technology in a healthier way.
    C) To save money on phones.    D) To make friends offline.
📑 查看听力原文

Many people spend more than five hours a day looking at their phones. They check messages the moment they wake up and scroll through social media before going to sleep. Doctors warn that this habit can harm both the body and the mind.

To deal with this problem, a growing number of young people are trying something called a digital detox. It means staying away from electronic devices for a certain period of time. Some people choose one day a week without their phones, while others turn off all screens after nine in the evening.

Those who have tried it report surprising benefits. They sleep better, concentrate longer, and feel less anxious. Many say they have rediscovered simple pleasures, such as reading paper books or chatting with friends face to face.

Of course, a digital detox does not mean giving up technology completely. The goal is to use it in a healthier way. As one expert puts it, technology should serve us, not control us.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　首段末句："this habit can harm both the body and the mind"。
  2. C　第二段对术语下定义："It means staying away from electronic devices for a certain period of time." It means 即定义信号词。
  3. B　末段："The goal is to use it in a healthier way." A 项与 "does not mean giving up technology completely" 相反，是典型干扰项。

Passage 2 · 居家办公

  1. What benefit of working from home do supporters mention?
    A) Higher salary.    B) Saving commuting time and better focus.
    C) Free lunches at home.    D) Fewer working hours.
  2. What problem do some people have when working from home?
    A) Their computers often break down.    B) They miss their managers.
    C) It is hard to separate work from personal life.    D) They have to pay for the Internet.
  3. What is "hybrid working"?
    A) Working in two companies at the same time.    B) Coming to the office two or three days a week.
    C) Working only at night.    D) Sharing one office with another team.
📑 查看听力原文

Working from home became common during the past few years, and for many people it has remained a preferred way of working. Supporters say it saves time on commuting and allows people to focus better without office noise.

However, working from home also brings new problems. Some people find it hard to separate work from personal life. They check work messages late at night and feel they can never truly rest. Others miss the social life of the office, such as chatting with colleagues over lunch or celebrating birthdays together.

Companies are trying different solutions. Some ask employees to come to the office two or three days a week, a model known as hybrid working. Others organize regular online social events so that team members can stay connected.

Experts suggest that people who work from home should create a fixed workspace, follow a regular schedule, and change out of their pajamas before starting work. These small habits can help the brain understand when it is time to work and when it is time to relax.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　首段："saves time on commuting and allows people to focus better"，saves time on commuting → saving commuting time 同义改写。
  2. C　第二段："Some people find it hard to separate work from personal life." find it hard to do sth. 是听力高频句型。
  3. B　第三段定义："come to the office two or three days a week, a model known as hybrid working"。known as 是术语定义信号词。

Passage 3 · 共享单车

  1. What problems did the rapid growth of shared bikes create?
    A) They were too expensive to use.    B) Broken bikes blocked sidewalks and doors.
    C) They caused many traffic accidents.    D) They replaced buses and cars completely.
  2. What happens if a user does not park a bike within the marked area?
    A) The user gets a warning letter.    B) The bike will be taken away at once.
    C) The user cannot lock it and keeps being charged.    D) The user's account is closed forever.
  3. How does the credit system work?
    A) All users pay the same price.    B) Users who break the rules pay more.
    C) Users pay nothing if they park correctly.    D) Users earn money by riding more.
📑 查看听力原文

Shared bikes first appeared on Chinese streets around 2016 and quickly became a common sight in cities. For short trips, they are cheaper and often faster than buses or cars. However, the rapid growth of shared bikes also created problems. Broken bikes were left on sidewalks, and some users parked them in the wrong places, blocking doors and walkways.

To solve these problems, companies developed electronic fences. A bike must now be parked within a marked area, or the user cannot lock it and will keep being charged. Some cities also use a credit system: users who park correctly earn points and pay less, while those who break the rules pay more.

These measures have worked well. Streets have become tidier, and the number of broken bikes has dropped sharply. The story of shared bikes shows how technology and good rules can work together to make city life better.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　首段末："Broken bikes were left on sidewalks ... blocking doors and walkways"，两处细节合并对应 B 项。
  2. C　第二段："the user cannot lock it and will keep being charged"。keep doing sth. 注意听出"持续计费"这一后果。
  3. B　第二段末："users who park correctly earn points and pay less, while those who break the rules pay more"。while 表对比，问"违规者"对应 pay more。

Passage 4 · 大学生睡眠

  1. What do scientists say about making up for lost sleep at weekends?
    A) It is a good habit.    B) It cannot repair the damage of staying up late.
    C) It works for most students.    D) It is better than sleeping early.
  2. What happens to students who sleep less than six hours a night?
    A) They become more creative.    B) They concentrate better in class.
    C) They are more likely to feel anxious and do poorly in exams.    D) They need less food.
  3. Which is one of the scientists' suggestions?
    A) Drinking coffee in the afternoon.    B) Using phones before bedtime.
    C) Sleeping late at weekends.    D) Keeping a regular sleep schedule.
📑 查看听力原文

Many college students stay up late and sleep less than six hours a night. They may think they can make up for lost sleep at the weekend, but scientists say this idea is wrong. Studies show that sleeping too much on weekends cannot repair the damage caused by staying up late during the week.

Lack of sleep affects the brain in many ways. It makes it harder to concentrate, remember new information and control emotions. Students who sleep less than six hours are more likely to feel anxious and do poorly in exams.

Scientists suggest keeping a regular sleep schedule. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even at weekends. It is also helpful to avoid coffee and strong tea in the afternoon, and to stop using phones at least half an hour before bedtime. A good night's sleep, they say, is the cheapest and most effective way to improve both health and grades.

📑 查看答案与解析
  1. B　首段末："sleeping too much on weekends cannot repair the damage caused by staying up late"，but 转折后是重点。
  2. C　第二段末："more likely to feel anxious and do poorly in exams"，原词复现。
  3. D　末段首句："Scientists suggest keeping a regular sleep schedule." A、B、C 均与建议相反，属反向干扰项。

✏️ Part 5 听写训练（Spot Dictation · 4 篇 · 20 空）听音写词 · 检验基本功

🎯 训练方法：先通读下面的短文预测词性，再点「▶ 播放原文」边听边填，每空可听 2–3 遍；填完后打开原文核对拼写。拼写错误、单复数错误均不得分。

Dictation 1 · 网络与语言学习

The Internet has changed the way people learn languages. In the past, learners had to attend classes at fixed times. Today, with a smartphone, anyone can practice English (1) . Online dictionaries give instant translations, and apps can correct your (2) within seconds. However, experts remind learners that tools alone cannot (3) success. Regular practice is still the key. They suggest spending at least thirty minutes a day listening and speaking, rather than only (4) new words. In the end, it is the learner's (5) that decides how far he or she can go.

📑 查看听力原文（含答案）

The Internet has changed the way people learn languages. In the past, learners had to attend classes at fixed times. Today, with a smartphone, anyone can practice English anytime and anywhere. Online dictionaries give instant translations, and apps can correct your pronunciation within seconds. However, experts remind learners that tools alone cannot guarantee success. Regular practice is still the key. They suggest spending at least thirty minutes a day listening and speaking, rather than only memorizing new words. In the end, it is the learner's effort that decides how far he or she can go.

🔑 参考答案

  1. anytime and anywhere（副词短语，注意连读）
  2. pronunciation（名词，注意拼写中间是 -nun-，不是 -noun-）
  3. guarantee（动词原形，cannot 后接原形）
  4. memorizing（rather than 后接动名词，与 listening/speaking 平行）
  5. effort（名词，双重 f，不可写成 afford）

Dictation 2 · 大脑与学习

Learning a new skill is never easy, but (1) shows that the brain remains active and changeable throughout our lives. When we practice something repeatedly, the (2) between brain cells become stronger. This is why short daily practice is more (3) than one long session at the weekend. Sleep also plays an important role, because the brain (4) new memories while we rest. Scientists therefore advise learners to review what they have learned before going to bed. With (5) and the right method, anyone can master a new skill.

📑 查看听力原文（含答案）

Learning a new skill is never easy, but research shows that the brain remains active and changeable throughout our lives. When we practice something repeatedly, the connections between brain cells become stronger. This is why short daily practice is more effective than one long session at the weekend. Sleep also plays an important role, because the brain organizes new memories while we rest. Scientists therefore advise learners to review what they have learned before going to bed. With patience and the right method, anyone can master a new skill.

🔑 参考答案

  1. research（不可数名词，无复数形式）
  2. connections（复数，注意谓语 become 提示主语为复数）
  3. effective（形容词，比较级 more effective）
  4. organizes（第三人称单数，主语 the brain）
  5. patience（名词，不可写成 patients）

Dictation 3 · 人工智能与教育

Artificial intelligence is changing education in many (1) . AI can grade homework automatically and give students (2) feedback in seconds. Teachers no longer have to spend hours on (3) marking. Instead, they can focus on designing creative classroom activities and giving individual (4) . However, experts warn that AI should not replace human teachers. Students still need encouragement and emotional (5) that only real teachers can provide.

📑 查看听力原文（含答案）

Artificial intelligence is changing education in many ways. AI can grade homework automatically and give students instant feedback in seconds. Teachers no longer have to spend hours on routine marking. Instead, they can focus on designing creative classroom activities and giving individual guidance. However, experts warn that AI should not replace human teachers. Students still need encouragement and emotional support that only real teachers can provide.

🔑 参考答案

  1. ways（in many ways 固定搭配，名词复数）
  2. instant（形容词修饰 feedback，注意 /ˈɪnstənt/ 重音在第一音节）
  3. routine（形容词修饰 marking，不是 routine 名词"日常"）
  4. guidance（名词，不可数；不可拼写成 guidence）
  5. support（不可数名词；emotional support"情感支持"）

Dictation 4 · 暑期志愿服务

Every summer, hundreds of college students travel to rural areas as (1) . They teach English and science in village schools, where teachers are (2) needed. The experience is not always comfortable. The classrooms are often hot, and the living (3) are simple. However, most volunteers say the (4) are far greater than the difficulties. They learn to communicate with different people and to solve problems by themselves. Many also say that the smiles of the children give them a strong sense of (5) .

📑 查看听力原文（含答案）

Every summer, hundreds of college students travel to rural areas as volunteers. They teach English and science in village schools, where teachers are badly needed. The experience is not always comfortable. The classrooms are often hot, and the living conditions are simple. However, most volunteers say the rewards are far greater than the difficulties. They learn to communicate with different people and to solve problems by themselves. Many also say that the smiles of the children give them a strong sense of achievement.

🔑 参考答案

  1. volunteers（名词复数，注意双写 t 在尾音节不双写）
  2. badly（副词修饰 needed，"迫切需要"）
  3. conditions（复数，living conditions"生活条件"固定搭配）
  4. rewards（复数，与后面的 difficulties 对应）
  5. achievement（名词，a sense of achievement"成就感"）

📝 Part 6 句子听写强化（Sentence Dictation · 2 组 · 10 句）整句听写 · 冲击高分

🎯 训练方法：逐句听写完整句子。点击「▶ 播放原文」后按句听写，每句最多听 3 遍；先抓句子主干，再补修饰成分，最后对照原文检查大小写、单复数与时态。句子均含四级写作高频句型，听写完建议直接背用。
📑 查看听力原文（含答案与句型解析）

Regular exercise not only keeps us healthy but also improves our memory. The meeting has been put off until next Friday because of the heavy rain. It is widely believed that reading books is one of the best ways to gain knowledge. Thanks to modern technology, doctors can now perform operations with the help of robots. The more effort you put into your studies, the greater progress you will make.

🔑 参考答案与句型解析

  1. Regular exercise not only keeps us healthy but also improves our memory.
    句型：not only ... but also ... 前后结构平行（keeps / improves）。
  2. The meeting has been put off until next Friday because of the heavy rain.
    句型：现在完成时被动语态；put off = postpone"推迟"。
  3. It is widely believed that reading books is one of the best ways to gain knowledge.
    句型：It is widely believed that ..."人们普遍认为"，写作万能开头。
  4. Thanks to modern technology, doctors can now perform operations with the help of robots.
    句型：Thanks to ..."多亏……"；with the help of ..."在……的帮助下"。
  5. The more effort you put into your studies, the greater progress you will make.
    句型：The + 比较级 ..., the + 比较级 ..."越……，就越……"。

Set 2 · 写作高频句型进阶

📑 查看听力原文（含答案与句型解析）

With the development of the Internet, online shopping has become part of our daily life. It takes time and effort to build a good habit, but only a few days to break one. Students are encouraged to take part in social practice during the summer vacation. What matters most is not what you have learned, but how you use it. Only in this way can we protect the environment and leave a better world for future generations.

🔑 参考答案与句型解析

  1. With the development of the Internet, online shopping has become part of our daily life.
    句型：With the development of ..."随着……的发展"，现象类作文经典开头。
  2. It takes time and effort to build a good habit, but only a few days to break one.
    句型：It takes ... to do sth."做某事需要……"；one 替代前文 a habit。
  3. Students are encouraged to take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
    句型：be encouraged to do sth. 被动语态；take part in"参加"。
  4. What matters most is not what you have learned, but how you use it.
    句型：What 引导主语从句 + not ... but ..."不是……而是……"。
  5. Only in this way can we protect the environment and leave a better world for future generations.
    句型：Only + 状语置于句首引起部分倒装（can we），结尾升华句。

🎯 Part 7 数字与易混音辨听专项15 组对比 · 点击发音

🎯 训练方法：听力中的数字、相似发音词是丢分重灾区。逐行点击每组对比，注意听清发音差异（尤其是重音位置、尾音长短和元音饱满度），然后遮住文字复述听到的那一组。
编号对比 A对比 B辨音要点
1thirteen /ˌθɜːˈtiːn/thirty /ˈθɜːti/重音位置：A 第二音节 vs B 第一音节
2fourteen /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/forty /ˈfɔːti/同上：A 尾音 -teen vs B 尾音 -ty
3fifteen /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/fifty /ˈfɪfti/同上：重音位置决定是 15 还是 50
4nineteen /ˌnaɪnˈtiːn/ninety /ˈnaɪnti/同上：注意 /tiːn/ 与 /ti/ 的区别
5eighteen /ˌeɪˈtiːn/eighty /ˈeɪti/同上：/tiːn/ vs /ti/，短促与拖长
6250,000 (a quarter of a million)25,000 (twenty-five thousand)quarter million = 250,000，不是 25,000
71.5 billion (1,500,000,000)1.5 million (1,500,000)billion 与 million 差 1000 倍
8once /wʌns/ adv.一次want /wɒnt/ v.想要/ʌ/ vs /ɒ/ 元音差异明显
9weak /wiːk/ adj.虚弱的week /wiːk/ n.周同音词：需根据上下文判断词义
10right /raɪt/ adj.正确的write /raɪt/ v.写同音词：听力中一般不直接考
11ship /ʃɪp/ n.船sheep /ʃiːp/ n.羊/ɪ/ 短音 vs /iː/ 长音
12leave /liːv/ v.离开live /lɪv/ v.居住/iː/ 长音 vs /ɪ/ 短音
13advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n.建议advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v.建议/s/ 清辅音 vs /z/ 浊辅音
14effect /ɪˈfekt/ n.影响affect /əˈfekt/ v.影响词性不同，但听力中发音极为接近
15decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ v.减少decrease /ˈdiːkriːs/ n.减少词性决定重音位置：动词第二音节 vs 名词第一音节

💡 提示：数字题中，/tiːn/ 音通常有拖长感，/ti/ 则短促利落。平时练习时可用慢速 0.8× 反复对比听 13–19 和 30–90 的发音差异。

🧭 Part 8 精听方法与备考建议

📌 听写法（Dictation）逐句听写是提升听力最有效的方法。听不懂的地方反复听 3 遍，仍不会再看原文，用红笔标注连读、弱读、失爆处。
📌 影子跟读（Shadowing）落后原音 0.5–1 秒跟读，模仿语音语调。每天 10 分钟，两周后辨音能力明显提升。
📌 预读选项预测利用 Direction 时间扫读选项，划出差异词，预测问题类型（时间？地点？原因？），带着预期去听。
📌 抓信号词转折（but, however）、因果（because, so）、举例（for example）、数字与最高级处常设考点，听到立刻警觉。
📌 同义替换意识正确选项很少是原词照搬，多为同义改写。平时练习时把"原文词 ↔ 选项词"的替换整理成笔记。
📌 错题复听制度错题对应的原句至少复听 5 遍，跟读 3 遍，直到能听清并复述每个单词，再纳入错题本定期复习。
0 / 0 —